| 词条 | House of Peers (Japan) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = House of Peers | native_name = 貴族院 | transcription_name = Kizoku-in | coa_pic = Fumimaro Konoe President of the House of Peers.jpg | coa_res = 200px | coa_caption = Prince Fumimaro Konoe addressing the House of Peers in 1936, with the imperial throne in the background | house_type = Upper house | houses = | legislature = | established = 6 March 1871 | preceded_by = | succeeded_by = House of Councillors | disbanded = 22 May 1947 | members = 251 (1889) 409 (at peak, 1938) 373 (1947) | committees = | house1 = | house2 = | house3 = | voting_system1 = | voting_system2 = | voting_system3 = | last_election1 = 1946 | last_election2 = | last_election3 = | session_room = | session_res = | meeting_place = National Diet Building, Tokyo | website = | footnotes = }} The {{Nihongo|House of Peers|貴族院| Kizoku-in }} was the upper house of the Imperial Diet as mandated under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (in effect from 11 February 1889 to 3 May 1947). BackgroundIn 1869, under the new Meiji government, a Japanese peerage was created by an Imperial decree merging the former Court nobility (kuge) and former feudal lords (daimyōs) into a single new aristocratic class called the kazoku. A second imperial ordinance in 1884 grouped the kazoku into five ranks equivalent to the European aristocrats, prince (or duke), marquis, count, viscount, and baron.[1] Although this grouping idea was taken from the European peerage, the Japanese titles were taken from Chinese and based on the ancient feudal system in China. Itō Hirobumi and the other Meiji leaders deliberately modeled the chamber on the British House of Lords, as a counterweight to the popularly elected House of Representatives (Shūgiin). EstablishmentIn 1889, the House of Peers Ordinance established the House of Peers and its composition. For the first session of the Imperial Diet (1889–1890), there were 145 hereditary members and 106 imperial appointees and high taxpayers, for a total of 251 members. With the creation of new peers, additional seats for members of the former Korean nobility and four seats for representatives from The Japan Imperial Academy, membership peaked at 409 seats by 1938.[2] In 1947 during its 92nd and final session, the number of members was 373. CompositionAfter revisions to the ordinance, notably in 1925, the House of Peers comprised:
Postwar dissolutionAfter World War II, under the current Constitution of Japan, in effect from 3 May 1947, the unelected House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. Presidents of the House of Peers
References1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.tn/books?id=V_RXAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA631&lpg=PA631&dq=House+of+Peers+(Japan)&source=bl&ots=Cb1nv_wagI&sig=z1KYEzjxaO3MTSIeMRsnFUo0VqM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwib9L3Ct-rVAhVB7CYKHTVlBkw4ChDoAQgtMAI#v=onepage&q=House%20of%20Peers%20(Japan)&f=false|title=The Twentieth Century|date=1907|publisher=Nineteenth Century and After|language=en}} 2. ^p. 109, "Government: The Imperial Diet - House of Peers," Japan Year Book 1938-1939, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo 3. ^p. 109, "Government: The Imperial Diet - House of Peers," Japan Year Book 1938-1939, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo See also
6 : Government of Japan|Politics of the Empire of Japan|Defunct upper houses|1889 establishments in Japan|1947 disestablishments in Japan|Kazoku |
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