| 词条 | John Otho Marsh Jr. |
| 释义 |
|image = Marsh, John O 2.jpg |office = 14th United States Secretary of the Army |president = Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush |term_start = January 30, 1981 |term_end = August 14, 1989 |predecessor = Percy Pierre (Acting) |successor = Michael P. W. Stone |office1 = Counselor to the President |president1 = Gerald Ford |alongside1 = Robert Hartmann, Rogers Morton |term_start1 = August 9, 1974 |term_end1 = January 20, 1977 |predecessor1 = Anne Armstrong Dean Burch Kenneth Rush |successor1 = Edwin Meese (1981) |office2 = Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs |president2 = Richard Nixon |term_start2 = April 17, 1973 |term_end2 = February 15, 1974 |predecessor2 = Rady A. Johnson |successor2 = John M. Maury |state3 = Virginia |district3 = {{ushr|VA|7|7th}} |term_start3 = January 3, 1963 |term_end3 = January 3, 1971 |predecessor3 = Burr Harrison |successor3 = Kenneth Robinson |birth_date = {{birth date|1926|8|7}} |birth_place = Winchester, Virginia, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|2019|2|4|1926|8|7}} |death_place = Raphine, Virginia, U.S. |party = Democratic (Before 1980s) Republican (1980s–2019) |education = Washington and Lee University (LLB) |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{army|United States}} |serviceyears = 1944–1947 (Active) 1947–1951 (Reserve) 1951–1976 (Guard) |unit = United States Army Reserve Army National Guard |rank = Lieutenant Colonel |battles = Allied-occupied Germany Vietnam War }}John Otho Marsh Jr. (August 7, 1926 – February 4, 2019) was an American politician and an adjunct professor at George Mason University School of Law.[1][2][3] He served as the United States Secretary of the Army from 1981 to 1989, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia from 1963 to 1971.[1][4] Early lifeMarsh was born in Winchester, Virginia. He graduated from Harrisonburg High School in Harrisonburg, Virginia.[5][6] He enlisted in the United States Army in 1944, during World War II, and was selected at age eighteen for Infantry Officer Candidate School (OCS) graduating as a second lieutenant of infantry in November 1945, then assigned to the Army of Occupation of Germany where he served from 1946 to 1947.[4][5][7] He was a member of the United States Army Reserve from 1947 to 1951.[5] Marsh graduated from Washington and Lee University in 1951, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity.[1][5][8] He entered the Army National Guard in Virginia in 1951 and graduated from the Army's Airborne School in 1964.[9] He retired from the army in 1976 with the rank of lieutenant colonel.[5] CareerMeanwhile, in 1952, Marsh was admitted to the Virginia Bar, and started practicing law in Strasburg, Virginia, where he served as town judge.[5] From 1954 to 1962, he was the town attorney in New Market, Virginia.[5] United States RepresentativeHe served in the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat from Virginia from 1963 to 1971.[1][2][3][4][5][6][10] He fought in the Vietnam War for a month without telling his fellow soldiers he was a Congressman.[4] Marsh was the only living Democrat to have served in the 7th before the election of Abigail Spanberger. Following his death, Spanberger became the only living Democrat from the district. Ford cabinetIn 1973, he was appointed as United States Assistant Secretary of Defense, and in January 1974, as National Security Advisor for Vice President Gerald Ford.[1][2][10] Under President Ford, he became Counselor to the President and held Cabinet rank.[1][2][4][6][10] He was seen as one of Ford's top advisers alongside Henry Kissinger, Donald Rumsfeld and Philip W. Buchen.[11] United States Secretary of the ArmyFrom 1981 to 1989, he served as the United States Secretary of the Army under President Ronald Reagan.[1][2][3][4][6] Marsh presided over the rebuilding of the United States Army through increases for the Army Department's budget by 30%.[12] He supported the enhancement of special operations forces in the wake of the Operation Eagle Claw in 1979.[12] Marsh was involved in persuading Congress to support the deployment of the Pershing II missile system to Germany.[12] The Pershing II deployment is usually cited as the primary reason the Soviet Union agreed to the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.[12] At eight years and six months, Marsh's tenure of the position made him the longest serving Army Secretary.[12] Of his tenure as the Secretary of the Army, Marsh said "I didn't become Secretary of the Army to go around hangdog and half ashamed, apologizing for the United States Army in Vietnam, because it needed no apologies."[9] Later careerMarsh was then selected to serve as Chairman of the Reserve Forces Policy Board, a position he held from 1989 until 1994.[13] He later served as Chairman and interim CEO of Novavax, Inc., a pharmaceutical company.[1][2] He subsequently sat on its board of directors.[14] Marsh was a confidant of Dick Cheney when the latter was Vice President.[10][15] From 1998 to 1999, Marsh was Visiting Professor of Ethics at the Virginia Military Institute, and Adjunct Professor of Law at The College of William & Mary from 1999 to 2000.[1] At the time of his death in 2019 he was teaching a course on Technology, Terrorism and National Security Law at George Mason University.[1][16] In 2007, when patient conditions at Walter Reed Army Medical Center had become a national concern, Marsh and former Secretary of the Army Togo West were appointed by Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to an independent review panel tasked to investigate medical and leadership failures. Among the panel's many recommendations was to close the aging facility and relocate medical services to what was then the National Naval Medical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland.[9][2][17] Marsh was also a member of the Markle Foundation.[3] The John O. Marsh Institute for Government and Public Policy at Shenandoah University is named for him.[18] Personal lifeMarsh lived in his hometown of Winchester, Virginia, with his wife; they had three children and seven grandchildren.[1] He died on February 4, 2019, of complications from congestive heart failure in Raphine, Virginia, at the age of 92.[19] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 George Mason Law biography {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002180003/http://www.law.gmu.edu/faculty/directory/adjunct/marsh_john |date=October 2, 2008 }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 [https://people.forbes.com/profile/john-o-marsh/58805 Forbes profile] 3. ^1 2 3 MARKLE 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Richard Halloran, 'Washington Talk - Working Profile: Army Secretary John O. Marsh Jr.; Military Leader Wins High Ground, Quietly', in The New York Times, January 3, 1989 [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/03/us/washington-talk-working-profile-army-secretary-john-o-marsh-jr-military-leader.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm] 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book| chapterurl = http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/Marsh.htm | chapter = John Otho Marsh, Jr. | title = Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army | url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/SWSA-Fm.htm| year = 1992| first = William Gardner| last = Bell| publisher = United States Army Center of Military History| id = CMH Pub 70-12}} 6. ^1 2 3 Congress biography 7. ^{{cite web|last=Homeland Security Policy Institute|title=Who We Are|url=http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/about/whoWeAre_Marsh.cfm|accessdate=June 19, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717074633/http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/about/whoWeAre_Marsh.cfm|archivedate=July 17, 2013|df=}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=Phi Kappa Psi (1991). Grand Catalogue of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity (13th ed.)|last=|first=|publisher=Publishing Concepts, Inc.|year=1991|isbn=|location=|pages=252, 585}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-o-marsh-jr-presidential-conscience-and-army-secretary-dies-at-92/2019/02/04/2e1c97ce-28b4-11e9-8eef-0d74f4bf0295_story.html|title=John O. Marsh Jr., presidential 'conscience' and Army secretary, dies at 92|publisher=The Washington Post|date=February 4, 2019|accessdate=February 4, 2019}} 10. ^1 2 3 Dick Cheney, A Personal and Political Memoir, New York, NY: Threshold Editions, 2011, pp. 71–72 11. ^ {{cite book| last =Prados| first =John| authorlink =| coauthors =| year =2006| title =Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby| publisher =Oxford University Press| location =| isbn =978-0-19-512847-5}} p. 313 12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/02/04/remembering-reagans-army-secretary-john-o-marsh-jr/|title=Remembering Reagan’s Army Secretary, John O. Marsh Jr.|publisher=Daily Signal|accessdate=February 4, 2019|date=February 4, 2019}} 13. ^{{cite book|title=Annual Report of the Reserve Forces Policy Board for 2005|year=2006|publisher=Department of Defense|location=Washington, DC|pages=9|url=http://ra.defense.gov/rfpb/_documents/RFPB%20report%2005.pdf}} 14. ^Novavax Board of Directors {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214025944/http://www.novavax.com/go.cfm?do=Page.View&pid=16 |date=December 14, 2011 }} 15. ^Washington Post {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223052607/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/cheney/about/cast_of_characters/ |date=December 23, 2011 }} 16. ^George Mason course {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124237/http://www.law.gmu.edu/academics/schedule/2009/spring/law496_2009spring001 |date=May 26, 2011 }} 17. ^'Wounds, real and political', in The Washington Times, July 2, 2007 18. ^John O. Marsh Institute 19. ^{{cite web|title=John O. Marsh Jr., Ex-Army Chief and Presidents’ Adviser, Dies at 92|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/04/obituaries/john-o-marsh-dead.html|publisher=The New York Times|date=February 4, 2019|accessdate=February 4, 2019}} External links{{Congbio|M000148}}
from Virginia's 7th congressional district|years=1963–1971}}{{s-aft|after=Kenneth Robinson}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Rady A. Johnson}}{{s-ttl|title=Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs|years=1973–1974}}{{s-aft|after=John M. Maury}} |-{{s-bef|before=Anne Armstrong}}{{s-ttl|rows=3|title=Counselor to the President|years=1974–1977|alongside=Robert T. Hartmann, Rogers Morton}}{{s-aft|rows=3|after=Ed Meese (1981)}} |-{{s-bef|before=Dean Burch}} |-{{s-bef|before=Kenneth Rush}} |-{{s-bef|before=Percy Pierre (Acting)}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of the Army|years=1981–1989}}{{s-aft|after=Michael P. W. Stone}}{{s-end}}{{USArmySecs}}{{VirginiaRepresentatives07}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Marsh, John}} 15 : 1926 births|2019 deaths|20th-century American politicians|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia|United States Army soldiers|United States Secretaries of the Army|Virginia Democrats|Virginia Republicans|Washington and Lee University School of Law alumni|People from Shenandoah County, Virginia|People from Winchester, Virginia|Military personnel from Virginia|Virginia lawyers|Deaths from heart failure |
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