| 词条 | Howard Russell Butler | |
| 释义 |
| name = Howard Russell Butler | image = Howard Russell Butler.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Howard Russell Butler | birth_name = | birth_date = March 3, 1856 | birth_place = New York City | death_date = {{Death date and age|1934|05|20|1856|03|03}} | death_place = Princeton | death_cause = | residence = | other_names = | known_for = Painter and founder of the American Fine Arts Society. | education = | employer = | occupation = Patent lawyer, artist, organiser | successor = | party = | boards = | religion = | spouse = Virginia Hays | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | nationality = American }}Howard Russell Butler (March 3, 1856 – Princeton, NJ. May 20, 1934)[1] was an American painter and founder of the American Fine Arts Society.[2] Butler also persuaded Andrew Carnegie to fund the construction of Carnegie Lake near Princeton University.[3] Butler also designed a mansion, an astronomy hall and painted a solar eclipse for the U.S. Naval Observatory.[4] BiographyScience, law and artButler was born in New York City. He was the son of William Allen Butler, a lawyer and satirist.[2] His early artistic training with William Shannon was complentented by visits to the National Academy of Design, where his parents were both fellows, and the studio of his uncle, William Stanley Haseltine.[3] Butler attended Princeton University and obtained a degree in Science in 1876 and he was invited to stay on for a year as an assistant professor of physics. From 1878 to 1879 he was doing technical illustrations in New York where he knew Thomas Edison.[3] In 1881 he was able to graduate from Columbia University where he had studied law.[4] Whilst he was at Princeton he was an active member of the rowing team despite there being poor facilities. Butler practiced patent law until 1884 when he decided to concentrate entirely on painting. Art and leadershipButler reapplied himself studying under the elderly Frederic Edwin Church in Mexico before returning to study with J. Carroll Beckwith and George de Forest Brush at the Art Students League in New York.[3] In 1885, he went to France for two years and lived in Paris, a member of the artistic American colony in Paris, and Concarneau.[5] In 1889 Butler was able to find the capital to build the Fine Arts building at 215 West 57th Avenue. This building was to be the home of the Art Students League, the Society of American Artists, the Architectural League of New York and the newly formed American Fine Arts Society which Butler led for its first 17 years. Whilst raising these funds he first met Andrew Carnegie who employed him for ten years allowing him time off each day to paint. Butler married his wife Virginia Hays in 1890.[3] By 1899 he was a National academician of the National Academy of Design and a member of the Architectural League and the Society of American Artists.[6] Art and Carnegie LakeIn 1902 he was invited to join the Society of Artists[4] and he was asked to make another portrait of the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Whilst Carnegie was sitting for the portrait, the problem of finding places to row at Princeton was discussed. Carnegie noted that Scottish lochs were created by just constraining the flow of water. Butler and the rowing team had just such a scheme in mind to create an artificial lake. With Carnegie's permission, Butler contacted a building firm in his home town and obtained an estimate of US$118,000 to construct a lake. Lake Carnegie and the purchase of hundreds of acres of land resulted from this meeting.[7] Butler completed the building of Carnegie's mansion on Fifth Avenue but he and Carnegie differed and Butler left.[3] From 1905 until 1907 he was in California and again in the early 1920s when he was living at Pasadena and Santa Barbara. He may therefore have missed the opening of the lake in 1906 that was three and a half miles long and eight hundred feet wide. It was reported that President Wilson tried to later persuade Carnegie to give funds to Princeton but he was told that he had already given a lake. Wilson is reputed to have said "We needed bread and you gave us cake".[7] Solar eclipse and artIn 1918, Butler's association with Carnegie led to him being invited to witness and record the 1918 Solar eclipse that was observed from Baker City in Oregon. The expedition was organised by the U.S. Naval Observatory and included Samuel Alfred Mitchell as its expert on eclipses. Butler noted later that he used a system of taking notes of the colours using skills he had learnt for transient effects. Usually a sitting for a portrait took two hours but an eclipse would take just over 112 seconds. It has been noted that he had painted Carnegie thirteen times[8] and like the eclipse he could never keep still to allow Butler to make considered notes.[9] His revived interest in physics led to his 1923 book of Painter and Space which coincided with his second visit to a solar eclipse. He also created pictures of planets that were as seen from one of their moons. His last known eclipse visit was in 1932.[3] Butler is known particularly for paintings of seascapes and for his views of the eclipse of the sun, but he also painted people and landscapes.[4] Besides the lake, Butler also designed the mansion for Carnegie and an Astronomy Hall for the American Museum of Natural History. Butler's paintings of solar eclipses were on display for many years at the Hayden Planetarium at that museum.[9] Butler died in Princeton in 1934 near the lake that he had organised for their rowing team. His work can be seen at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum,[4] American Museum of Natural History[6] and of course Carnegie Lake. References1. ^"PAINTER BUTLER DIES" (23 May 1934) Los Angeles Times {{commons category}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Butler|first=William Allen|title=A Retrospect of Forty Years, 1825-1865 p.427|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETR7cj2xHKkC&pg=PA427&lpg=PA427&dq=%22William+Allen+Butler%22+%22howard+russell+butler%22&source=bl&ots=HiyJLqxj6s&sig=g24MXR6d_cF03XTZrx_i7im3f-U&hl=en&ei=WRK-TInbPKKM4ga0hYSgAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22William%20Allen%20Butler%22%20%22howard%20russell%20butler%22&f=false}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Dearinger|first=David Bernard |title=Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design 1826-1925... p.78|year=2004|publisher=National Academy of Design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHH45aYubp4C&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=mansion+%22fifth+avenue%22+carnegie+butler&source=bl&ots=yanoOiPPkt&sig=hpFvAnfl_qJ9QfDv8z4n3K0kl60&hl=en&ei=svy-TObzIsuJ4Qbhgv3gAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=mansion%20%22fifth%20avenue%22%20carnegie%20butler&f=false}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last=Hughes|first=Edan|title=Howard R. Butler|url=http://www.edanhughes.com/biography.cfm?ArtistID=1051|publisher=edanhughes.com|accessdate=19 October 2010}} 5. ^http://www.concarneau-peintres.fr/etranger/americains/butler.htm 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Howard Russell Butler|url=http://www.artnet.com/Galleries/Artists_Detail.asp?aid=3402&gid=181897&rta=http://www.artnet.com|publisher=Artnet.com|accessdate=19 October 2010}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Leitch|first=Andrew Alexander |title=Carnegie Lake|url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/carnegie_lake.html|work=A Princeton Companion 1978|publisher=Princeton University Press|accessdate=19 October 2010}} 8. ^Another source says 17 times 9. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Lawrence|first=Jenny|author2=Richard Milner|title=A Forgotten Cosmic Designer|journal=Natural History|date=February 2000|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_1_109/ai_59210829/|accessdate=19 October 2010}} External links
9 : 1856 births|1934 deaths|19th-century American painters|American male painters|20th-century American painters|Artists from New York City|Princeton University alumni|Columbia Law School alumni|New York (state) lawyers |
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