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词条 Huayquerian
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. Formations

  3. Fossil content

  4. Notes and references

      Notes    References    Bibliography  

The Huayquerian ({{lang-es|Huayqueriense}}) age is a period of geologic time (9.0—6.8 Ma) within the Late Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification. It follows the Mayoan and precedes the Montehermosan age.[1]

Etymology

The age is named after the Huayquerías Formation in the western Cuyo Basin of northwestern Argentina.

Formations

{{Location map+ | South America
| relief = 1
| width = 300
| caption = Locations of Huayquerian formations
| places =
| lat_deg = -26.7
| lon_deg = -66.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Andalhualá Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -27.0
| lon_deg = -70.8
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Bahía Inglesa Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -34.7
| lon_deg = -56.8
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Camacho Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -37.3
| lon_deg = -64.2
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Cerro Azul Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -26.8
| lon_deg = -66.1
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Chiquimil Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -30.339167
| lon_deg = -71.534167
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Coquimbo Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -31.1
| lon_deg = -69.6
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -9.263512
| lon_deg = -72.687158
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Içá Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -26.6
| lon_deg = -65.2
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = India Muerta Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -31.7
| lon_deg = -60.4
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Ituzaingó Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -10.5
| lon_deg = -71.3
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Madre de Dios Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -23.4
| lon_deg = -65.8
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Maimará Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -17.1
| lon_deg = -69.2
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Mauri Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -26.6
| lon_deg = -66.3
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = El Morterito Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -19.0
| lon_deg = -65.3
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Muyu Huasi Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -34.0
| lon_deg = -71.8
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Navidad Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -25.7
| lon_deg = -66.1
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Palo Pintado Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -33.7
| lon_deg = -59.3
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Paraná Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -7.4
| lon_deg = -75.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Pebas Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -24.2
| lon_deg = -65.3
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Piquete Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -15.7
| lon_deg = -74.5
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Pisco Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -20.0
| lon_deg = -67.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Quehua Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -34.6
| lon_deg = -57.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Raigón Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -35.7
| lon_deg = -64.7
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Saldungaray Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -28.3
| lon_deg = -67.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Salicas Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -10.1
| lon_deg = -67.8
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Solimões Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 11.2
| lon_deg = -70.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Urumaco Formation
  }}  {{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -33.8
| lon_deg = -69.0
| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
| marksize = 14
| link = Huayquerías Formation
}}
{{small>bold is type Country BasinNotes
Huayquerías Formation {{ARG}} Cuyo Basin [2][3]}}
Andalhualá Formation {{ARG}} Santa María-Hualfín Basin [4]}}
Bahía Inglesa Formation - Cerro Ballena {{CHL}} Caldera Basin [4]}}
Camacho Formation {{URU}} Norte & Santa Lucía Basins [5]}}
Cerro Azul Formation {{ARG}} Colorado Basin [6][7][9]}}
Chiquimil Formation {{ARG}} Santa María-Hualfín Basin [8][9]}}
Coquimbo Formation {{CHL}} Tongoy Bay [10]}}
Las Flores Formation {{ARG}} Sierra del Tontal [11]}}
Entrerriana Formation {{ARG}} Chaco Basin {{refn|group=note|Former name of Ituzaingó Formation}}}}
Epecuén Formation {{ARG}} Claromecó Basin {{refn|group=note|Former name of Cerro Azul Formation}}}}
Içá Formation {{BRA}} Madre de Deus Basin [12]}}
Iñapari Formation {{PER}} Madre de Dios Basin [13]}}
India Muerta Formation {{ARG}} Sierras Pampeanas [14]}}
Ituzaingó Formation {{ARG}} Paraná Basin [15][16]}}
Kiyu Formation {{URU}} Santa Lucía Basin [17]{{refn|group=note|In later research considered part of the Camacho Formation[18]}}}}
Madre de Dios Formation {{PER}} Madre de Dios Basin [19]}}
Maimará Formation {{ARG}} Eastern Argentinian Andes [20]}}
Mauri Formation {{BOL}} Altiplano Basin [21]}}
Miramar Formation {{PER}} Sechura Basin [22]}}
El Morterito Formation {{ARG}} Cajón Valley [23]}}
Muyu Huasi Formation {{BOL}} Muyu Huasi Basin [24]}}
Navidad Formation {{CHL}} Chilean Coast Range [25]}}
Palo Pintado Formation {{ARG}} Salta Basin [26]}}
Paraná Formation {{ARG}} Chaco Basin [16][27][28]}}
Pebas Formation {{BRA}}
{{COL}}
{{ECU}}
{{PER}} 		Amazon Basin [29][30]}}
Piquete Formation {{ARG}} Salta Basin [31]}}
Pisco Formation {{PER}} Pisco Basin [32][33]}}
Quehua Formation {{BOL}} Altiplano Basin [34]}}
Raigón Formation {{URU}} Norte Basin [35]}}
Rosa Pata Formation {{BOL}} Altiplano Basin [36]}}
Saldungaray Formation {{ARG}} Buenos Aires Province [37]}}
Salicas Formation {{ARG}} Sierra de Velasco [38]}}
Solimões Formation {{BRA}} Solimões Basin [39]}}
Urumaco Formation {{VEN}} Falcón Basin [40]}}

Fossil content

Group Fossils Formation Notes
Mammals Cyonasua pascuali, Huayqueriana cristata Huayquerías [41][42]}}
Australophoca changorum, Brachydelphis jahuayensis, Thalassocnus natans, Acrophoca sp., Balaenoptera sp., ?Nanosiren sp., Odobenocetops sp., Piscophoca sp., Pliopontos sp., Pontistes sp., Balaenopteridae indet., Delphinoidea indet., Istiophoridae indet., Kogiidae indet., Monachinae indet., Odontoceti indet., Phocidae indet., Phocoenidae indet., Physeteroidea indet., Xiphiidae indet. Bahía
Inglesa 		[43][44]
[45][46]}}
Arazamys castiglionii, Kiyumylodon lecuonai, Kraglievichia paranense, Lestobradys sprechmanni, Neoglyptatelus uruguayensis, Pseudoplohophorus absolutus, Euphractini indet. Camacho [47][48]
[49][50]
[51]}}
Hyperdidelphys pattersoni, Microtragulus rusconii, Neocavia pampeana, Palaeoctodon aff. simplicidens, Pampamys emmonsae, Pliolestes venetus, Reigechimys plesiodon, R. simplex, Thylacosmilus atrox, Thylamys pinei, Thylatheridium dolgopolae, T. hudsoni, Zygolestes tatei, Eumysops sp., Sparassocynidae indet. Cerro
Azul 		[52][53]
[54][55]
[56][57]}}
Eosclerocalyptus planus, Orthomyctera andina, ?Palaeocavia mawka, Cardiomys sp., Chasicotatus sp., Chorobates sp., Diadiaphorus sp., Gyriabrus sp., Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) sp., Paedotherium sp., Paleuphractus sp., Paranamys sp., Potamarchus sp., Proscelidodon sp., Protabrocoma sp., Stromaphorus sp., Tetrastylus sp., Typotheriopsis sp., Vassallia sp., Vetelia sp., Xotodon sp. Chiquimil [58][59]}}
Balaena dubia, Notictis ortizi, Ischyrorhynchus vanbenedeni, Otaria fischeri, Palaeobalaena bergi, P. dubia, Phugatherium cataclisticum, Pontistes rectifrons, Pontivaga fischeri, Proterotherium americanum, Ribodon limbatus, Saurocetes argentinus, Scalabrinitherium paranense, Stylocynus paranensis, Toxodon paranensis, Chironectes sp. Entrerriana [60][61]}}
Aspidocalyptus castroi, Borhyaenidium musteloides, Chorobates villosissimus, Coscinocercus brachyurus, C. marcalaini, Cyonasua brevirostris, C. prebrevirostris, Doellotatus chapadmalensis, Elassotherium altirostre, Eoauchenia cingulata, Epecuenia thoatherioides, Hemihegetotherium lazai, Macrauchenia latidens, Macrochorobates scalabrinii, Macroeuphractus morenoi, Paedotherium minor, Phtoramys hidalguense, Pisanodon nazari, Plohophorus araucanus, Pseudotypotherium carhuense, Tetrastylus araucanus, Thylacosmilus atrox, Thylatheridium dolgopolae, T. hudsoni, Cardiomys sp., Eosclerocalyptus sp., Lagostomus sp., Lutreolina sp., Orthomyctera sp., Palaeocavia sp., Paleuphractus sp., Plesiomegatherium sp., Proeuphractus sp., Promacrauchenia sp., Thylamys sp., Hydrochoeridae indet. Epecuén [62]}}
Cardiatherium calingastaense Las Flores [11]}}
Amazonycteris divisus Içá [63]}}
Mionothropus cartellei Iñapari [64]}}
"Microtragulus ameghino" India
Muerta 		[14]}}
?Adinotherium paranense, Amphiocnus paranense, Brachytherium cuspidatum, Cardiatherium paranense, Chasicotatus spinozai, Chlamyphractus pressulus, Coelosoma eversa, Comaphorus concisus, Cyonasua argentina, Dasypus neogaeus, Diadiaphorus paranensis, Dilobodon lutarius, Dinotoxodon paranensis, Eleutherocercus paranensis, Eomegatherium nanum, Eumysops parodii, Eutomodus elautus, Haplodontherium limun, Hoplophorus verus, Kraglievichia paranense, Licaphrium mesopotamiense, Macroeuphractus retusus, Megabradys darwini, Megalonychops primigenius, Mesopotamocnus brevirostrum, Munizia paranensis, Neobrachytherium ameghinoi, Neoepiblema ambrosettianus, N. horridula, Neohapalops rothi, Notictis ortizi, Octomylodon aversus, Orthotherium laticurvatum, O. robustum, Oxyodontherium piramydatus, O. zeballosi, Pachynodon modicus, Palaehoplophorus antiquus, Palaeotoxodon paranensis, ?P. protoburmeisteri, ?P. virgatus, Paraglyptodon paranensis, Parahoplophorus paranensis, Paranabradys vucetichae, Paranauchenia denticulata, Philander entrerianus, Phoberomys burmeisteri, P. insolita, P. lozanoi, P. minima, P. praecursor, Phugatherium cataclisticum, Pliomegatherium lelongi, Pliomorphus mutilatus, P. paranensis, P. robustus, Proeuphractus limpidus, Prolestodon antiquus, P. paranensis, Promacrauchenia antiqua, Promegatherium parvulum, P. smaltatum, Promylodon paranensis, Pronothrotherium mirabilis, Protoglyptodon primiformis, Protomegalonyx doellojuradoi, P. praecursor, Proterotherium cervioides, P. gradatum, Protypotherium antiquum, Pseudoeuryurus lelongianus, Ranculcus scalabrinianus, Saurocetes gigas, Scalabrinitherium bravardi, S. rothii, Scirrotherium carinatum, Sphenotherus paranensis, Stenotephanos plicidens, Strabosodon acuticavus, S. obtusicavus, Stylocynus paranensis, Thylacosmilus atrox, Torcellia paranense, Toxodontherium compressum, T. reverendum, ?Trachycalyptus cingulatus, Urotherium interundatum, Xotodon doellojuradi, Xotodon foricurvatus, Zygolestes paranensis, Anatochoerus sp., ?Berroia sp., Berthawyleria sp., Briaromys sp., Cardiomys sp., Carlesia sp., Caviodon sp., Chironectes sp., Colpostemma sp., Contracavia sp., Cullinia sp., Diaphoromys sp., Doellomys sp., Drytomomys sp., Eumegamys sp., Eumegamysops sp., Gyriabrus sp., Haplostropha sp., Isostylomys sp., Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) sp., Myocastor sp., Palaeocavia sp., Paradoxomys sp., Paranamys sp., Parodimys sp., Pentastylomys sp., Pliodolichotis sp., Potamarchus sp., Prodolichotis sp., Protabrocoma sp., Protomegamys sp., Pseudosigmomys sp., Pyramiodontherium sp., Strophostephanos sp., Tetrastylus sp., Trachytypotherium sp., ?Zaedyus sp., Iniidae indet., Scelidotheriinae indet. Ituzaingó [65]
[66][67]
[68]}}
Proeuphractus limpidus Kiyu [69]
{{refn|group=note|In later research considered part of the Camacho Formation[18]}}}}
Noctilio lacrimaelunaris, Surameryx acrensis, Sylvochoerus woodburnei, Waldochoerus bassleri Madre de
Dios 		[70][71]
[72][73]
[74]}}
Proscelidodon patrius, Sparassocynus maimarai, Xotodon maimarensis Maimará [75][76]
[77]}}
Borhyaenidium altiplanicus, Hoffstetterius imperator, Trachycalyptoides achirense, Xyophorus villarroeli, Dasypodidae indet., Hegetotheriidae indet., Lagostominae indet., Mesotheriidae indet., Nothrotheriinae indet., Sclerocalyptinae indet., Toxodontidae indet. Mauri [78]}}
Balaenopteridae indet. Miramar [79]}}
Calchaquitherium mixtum El Morterito [80]}}
?Cardiomys sp., cf. Doellotatus sp., Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) sp., ?Orthomyctera sp., cf. Paleuphractus sp., Protabrocoma sp., Protypotherium sp., Pseudohegetotherium sp., cf. Sciamys sp., Dinomyidae indet., Erethizontidae indet., Mylodontidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet. Muyu
Huasi 		[81]}}
Paedotherium kakai Palo
Pintado 		[82]}}
Dioplotherium sp., Metaxytherium sp. Paraná [83][84]}}
Koristocetus pescei, Tiucetus rosae Pisco [85][86]}}
Cranithlastus xibiensis, Megatheriinae indet. Piquete [87]}}
Microtypotherium cf. choquecotense, Plesiotypotherium cf. achirense, P. cf. majus, P. minus, Orthomyctera sp., Dasypodidae indet. Quehua [88]}}
Pronothrotherium figueirasi, P. mirabilis Raigón [89]}}
Pseudotypotherium sp., Dasypodidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., ?Macraucheniidae indet. Rosa Pata [90]}}
Chasicotatus ameghinoi, C. cf. peiranoi, Chorobates villosissimus, Doellotatus cf. inornatus, D. cf. praecursor, Macroeuphractus cf. morenoi, Neophanomys biplicatus, Paedotherium bonaerense, P. cf. minor, Phtoramys cf. hidalguense, P. homogenidens, Ringueletia simpsoni, Tremacyllus cf. impressus, Xenodontomys ellipticus, Acantharodeia sp., Aspidocalyptus sp., Berthawyleria sp., cf. Borhyaenidium sp., Dolicavia sp., Lagostomus sp., Neocavia sp., Palaeocavia sp., Promacrauchenia sp., Caviidae indet., Dasypodidae indet. Saldungaray [91][92]
[93][94]
[95]}}
Eosclerocalyptus planus, Hemihegetotherium cf. torresi, Lagostomus cf. pretrichodactyla, Macrochorobates scalabrinii, Neophanomys biplicatus, Orthomyctera andina, Paedotherium minor, Proeuphractus limpidus, Acantharodeia sp., cf. Cardiomys sp., Chaetophractus sp., Chasicotatus sp., Lagostomus sp., Neobrachytherium sp., Potamarchus sp., Protypotherium sp., Pseudotypotherium sp., cf. Tremacyllus sp., Hoplophorini indet., Octodontidae indet. Salicas [96][97]}}
Abothrodon pricei, Acrecebus fraileyi, Amahuacatherium peruvium, Didelphis solimoensis, Eumegamys paranensis, Ferigolomys pacarana, Gyrinodon quasus, Ischyrorhynchus vanbenedeni, Lutreolina materdei, Mesenodon juruaensis, Mesotoxodon pricei, Minitoxodon acrensis, Neoepiblema ambrosettianus, N. horridula, Neotoxodon pascuali, Neotrigodon utoquineae, Noctilio lacrimaelunaris, Octodontobradys puruensis, Phoberomys bordasi, P. burmeisteri, P. minima, Plesiotoxodon amazonensis, Plicodontinia mourai, cf. Pomatodelphis bobengi, Potamarchus adamiae, P. murinus, P. sigmodon, Pseudoprepotherium venezuelanum, Purperia cribatidens, Ribodon limbatus, Scirrotherium carinatum, Scleromys colombianus, Solimoea acrensis, Stenodon campbelli, Telicomys amazonensis, Toxodontherium listai, Trigodonops lopesi, Urumacotherium campbelli, Xenastrapotherium amazonense, Anadasypus sp., Asterostemma sp., Cardiatherium sp., Cullinia sp., Gyriabrus sp., cf. Hapalops sp., Kraglievichia sp., Neoglyptatelus sp., Palaeotoxodon sp., Paraglyptodon sp., Paratrigodon sp., cf. Planops sp., Pliomorphus sp., Plohophorus sp., cf. Protomegalonyx sp., cf. Proterotherium sp., Pseudoprepotherium sp., Ranculcus sp., Saurocetes sp., Simplimus sp., Stirtonia sp., Tetrastylus sp., Trigodon sp., Urumacotherium sp., Cardiomyinae indet., Dasyproctidae indet., Erethizontidae indet., Heteropsomyinae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Marsupialia indet., Megalonychidae indet., Molossidae indet., Mylodontidae indet., Neoepiblemidae indet., Pampatheriinae indet., Pontoporiidae indet., Tardigrada indet., Toxodontidae indet. Solimões [98][99]
[100][101]
[102][103]
[104]}}
Ullumys pattoni Las Tapias [105]}}
Eionaletherium tanycnemius, Lestodon urumaquensis, Phoberomys pattersoni, Pattersonocnus diazgameroi, Urumacocnus urbanii, Cardiatherium sp., Eumegamys sp., Hemihegetotherium sp., Ocnerotherium sp., Ribodon sp., Tetrastylus sp. Urumaco [106][107]
[108][109]
[110][111]
[112]}}
Birds Argentavis magnificens Andalhualá [113]}}
Pelagornis chilensis, Spheniscidae indet. Bahía Inglesa [45][114]}}
Argentavis magnificens, Eudromia sp. Epecuén [62]}}
Andalgalornis sp., Devincenzia sp., Megapaloelodus sp., Phoenicopteridae indet., Phorusrhacidae indet., Rallidae indet., Rheidae indet. Ituzaingó [66]}}
Anhinga fraileyi, A. cf. grandis, A. minuta, Phorusrhacinae indet. Solimões [100][101]}}
Reptiles Caiman australis, C. paranensis, C. praecursor, Leptorramphus entrerrianus, Rhamphostomopsis neogaeus, Testudines indet. Entrerriana [60]}}
Caiman australis, C. gasparinae, C. jacare, C. latirostris, C. lutescens, C. cf. yacare, Gryposuchus neogaeus, Mourasuchus arendsi, Parahydraspis paranaensis, Phrynops cf. geoffroanus, Tupinambis cf. merianae Ituzaingó [66][67]}}
Chelonioidea indet., Crocodylia indet., Eusuchia indet. Miramar [79]}}
Caiman cf. latirostris Palo
Pintado 		[115]}}
Caiman brevirostris, C. niteroensis, Charactosuchus fieldsi, C. mendesi, C. sansoai, Chelus colombianus, Chelus lewisi, Colombophis portai, C. spinosus, Gryposuchus jessei, Mourasuchus amazonensis, M. arendsi, Podocnemis bassieri, Podocnemis negrii, Purussaurus brasiliensis, Chelonoidis sp., aff. Epicrates sp., Eunectes sp., Hesperogavialis sp., cf. Paradracaena sp., Stupendemys sp., Waincophis sp., ?Brachygnathosuchus indet., Colubridae indet., ?Gavialosuchus indet., Pelomedusidae indet., Serpentes indet., Testudinidae indet. Solimões [100][101]
[102][116]}}
Melanosuchus fisheri, Mourasuchus pattersoni, Stupendemys geographicus Urumaco [117][118]}}
Fishes Carcharodon carcharias, C. hastalis, Cosmopolitodus hastalis Bahía Inglesa [43][44]}}
Megalodon, Carcharhinus egertoni, Carcharodon hastalis, Carcharias sp., Myliobatis sp. Camacho [119][120]
[121][122]}}
Lamna amplibasidens, L. serridens, L. unicuspidens, Myliobatis americanus, Odontaspis macrota, Osteophorus typus, Sargus incertus, Silurus agassizii, Sparus antiquus, Squalus eocenus, Squalus obliquidens, Solea sp. Entrerriana [60]}}
Colossoma macropomus, Megapiranha paranensis, Cynodontidae indet. Ituzaingó [66][67]}}
Megalodon, Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharias taurus, Galeocerdo aduncus, Ginglymostoma cirratum, Hemipristis serra, Negaprion brevirostris, Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna zygaena, Aetobatus sp., Dasyatis sp., Myliobatis sp. Miramar [79]}}
Megalodon, Carcharias taurus, Carcharhinus sp., Carcharodon plicatilis, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Megascyliorhinus trelewensis, Dasyatis sp., Heterodontus sp., Sphyrna sp., Squatina sp., Ariidae indet., Holocephali indet., Rajidae indet., Sciaenidae indet., Sparidae indet. Paraná [123]}}
Phractocephalus acreornatus, Colossoma sp., Callichthyidae indet., Doradidae indet., Osteoglossidae indet., Pimelodidae indet., Potamotrygonidae indet. Solimões [100][101]}}
Decapods Homarus meridionalis Entrerriana [60]}}
Flora Alnipollenites verus, Annulispora folliculosa, Arecipites asymmetricus, Baculatisporites comaumensis, Biretisporites potoniaei, Chenopodipollis chenopodiaceoides, C. multicavus, Cricotriporites guianensis, Cyathidites congoensis, C. minor, Cyperaceaepollis neogenicus, Deltoidospora minor, Dictyophyllidites arcuatus, D. chiquimilense, D. mortoni, Echiperiporites parviechinatus, Equisetosporites claricristatus, E. lusaticus, E. notensis, Foveotriletes microfoveolatus, Gleicheniidites senonicus, Graminidites media, Haloragacidites trioratus, Laevigatosporites ovatus, Leiotriletes regularis, Leptolepidites major, Liliacidites vermireticulatus, Malvacipollis argentina, Muricingulisporis verrucosus, Nothofagidites saraensis, Osmundacidites ciliatus, Palaeocoprosmadites zelandiae, Parsonsidites multiporus, Periporopollenites vesicus, Plicifera delicata, Podocarpidites ellipticus, P. exiguus, P. marwickii, Polycolporopollenites esobalteus, Polypodiaceoisporites simplex, P. tumulatus, Polypodiisporites speciosus, Psilamonocolpites grandis, Psilaperiporites minimus, Psilatricolporites cyamus, Reticuloidosporites tenellis, Rhoipites alveolatus, R. baculatus, R. cienaguensis, R. exiguus, R. karamuensis, R. santafesii, Rugulatisporites caperatus, Sparganiaceaepollenites delicata, Stereisporites antiquasporites, Striatricolporites gamerroi, Tetracolporopollenites megadolium, Todisporites major, T. minor, Tricolpites reticulatus, Triorites orbiculatus, Tuberculatosporites parvus, Tubulifloridites antipodica, Verrustephanoporites simplex, Gomphrenipollis sp., Klukisporites sp., Margocolporites sp., Myrtaceidites sp., Perfotricolpites sp., Reticulatisporites sp., Retistephanocolpites sp., Undulatisporites sp., Verrucingulatisporites sp. Chiquimil [124]}}
Acrostichum palaeoaureum, Blechnum serrulatiformis, Cabomba aff. caroliniana, Caesalpinia aff. stuckerti, Cedrela fissiliformis, Ficus tressensii, Lycopodiella aff. cernua, Mayaca aff. fluviatilis, Ranunculodendron anzoteguiae, Sapium haematospermoides, Schinus herbstii, Equisetum sp. Palo
Pintado 		[125][126][127]}}

Notes and references

{{portal|Neogene|Paleontology|Prehistoric mammals|Prehistory of South America}}

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=723 |title=Huayquerian |website=Fossilworks |accessdate=2019-03-21}}
2. ^Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.136
3. ^Garrido et al., 2017, p.54
4. ^Le Roux et al., 2006, p.46
5. ^Verde, 2002, p.21
6. ^Pérez, 2012, p.11
7. ^Goin et al., 2000, p.101
8. ^1 Muruaga, 2001, p.30
9. ^Morton & Herbst, s.a., p.1
10. ^Le Roux et al., 2006, p.49
11. ^1 Cerdeño et al., 2019, p.12
12. ^Czaplewski & Campbell, 2017
13. ^Frailey, 1986, p.4
14. ^1 García López & Barbot, 2015, p.315
15. ^Franco et al., 2013, p.44
16. ^1 Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
17. ^Kiyu Formation at Fossilworks.org
18. ^1 Verde, 2002, p.20
19. ^Romero et al., 1998, p.60
20. ^Pujos et al., 2012, p.2
21. ^Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.636
22. ^Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.26
23. ^Morton & Herbst, 2007, p.154
24. ^Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.637
25. ^Finger et al., 2007, p.13
26. ^Reguero et al., 2015, p.60
27. ^Martín Pérez, 2013, p.51
28. ^Brea et al., 2013, p.28
29. ^Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
30. ^Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304
31. ^González & Abascal, 2012, p.129
32. ^Brand et al., 2011
33. ^Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.14
34. ^Baldellón et al., 1994, p.241
35. ^Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.683
36. ^Marshall & Sempere, 1991
37. ^1 Verzi et al., 2008, p.146
38. ^Brandoni et al., 2012, p.10
39. ^Cozzuol, 2006, p.190
40. ^Linares, 2004, p.16
41. ^San Carlos East at Fossilworks.org
42. ^Forasiepi et al., 2016, p.11
43. ^1 Cerro Ballena at Fossilworks.org
44. ^1 Bahía Inglesa Unit 2 at Fossilworks.org
45. ^1 Caldera, Bahia Inglesa Unit 1 at Fossilworks.org
46. ^Mina Fosforita at Fossilworks.org
47. ^Arazati II at Fossilworks.org
48. ^Puerto Arazati Beach at Fossilworks.org
49. ^Playa Kiyú at Fossilworks.org
50. ^Punta Jesus María at Fossilworks.org
51. ^Fernicola et al., 2018, p.236
52. ^Madozzo Jaén et al., 2018
53. ^Sostillo et al., 2014
54. ^Laguna Chillhué at Fossilworks.org
55. ^Bajo Giuliani at Fossilworks.org
56. ^El Guanaco at Fossilworks.org
57. ^Telen at Fossilworks.org
58. ^Madozzo Jaén & Pérez, 2017
59. ^Chiquimil A at Fossilworks.org
60. ^1 2 3 Barrancas del Rio Parana at Fossilworks.org
61. ^Rio Parana at Fossilworks.org
62. ^1 Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo at Fossilworks.org
63. ^Czaplewski & Campbell, 2017
64. ^De Iullis et al., 2011
65. ^Brandoni, 2014
66. ^1 2 3 Paraná, Pueblo Brugo to Diamante, Ituzaingó Fm. at Fossilworks.org
67. ^1 2 Colonia La Celina at Fossilworks.org
68. ^Ciudad de Paraná at Fossilworks.org
69. ^Playa Sánchez at Fossilworks.org
70. ^Prothero et al., 2014
71. ^Frailey & Campbell Jr., 2012
72. ^LACM loc.6218 at Fossilworks.org
73. ^LACM 5159 at Fossilworks.org
74. ^VF2 at Fossilworks.org
75. ^Bonini et al., 2017
76. ^Abello et al., 2015
77. ^Maimará at Fossilworks.org
78. ^Achiri at Fossilworks.org
79. ^1 2 Quebrada Pajaritos at Fossilworks.org
80. ^El Cajón Valley at Fossilworks.org
81. ^Muyu Huasi at Fossilworks.org
82. ^Reguero et al., 2015
83. ^Cerro La Matanza at Fossilworks.org
84. ^Villa Urquiza at Fossilworks.org
85. ^Collareta et al., 2017
86. ^Marx et al., 2017
87. ^Barrancas del Río Chico at Fossilworks.org
88. ^Quehua at Fossilworks.org
89. ^Arazati km 95.750 at Fossilworks.org
90. ^Rosa Pata at Fossilworks.org
91. ^Grünbein Cantera Seminario Level 1 at Fossilworks.org
92. ^Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 1 at Fossilworks.org
93. ^Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2 at Fossilworks.org
94. ^Barrancas de Sarmiento Level 2 at Fossilworks.org
95. ^Caleufú at Fossilworks.org
96. ^Salicas Formation, Sierra de Velasco, La Rioja at Fossilworks.org
97. ^El Degolladito - Site 2 at Fossilworks.org
98. ^Kerber et al., 2017
99. ^Kerber et al., 2016
100. ^1 2 3 Rio Acre at Fossilworks.org
101. ^1 2 3 Niteroi at Fossilworks.org
102. ^1 Talismã, upper Purus River at Fossilworks.org
103. ^Patos, Rio Acre at Fossilworks.org
104. ^Patos at Fossilworks.org
105. ^Olivares et al., 2016
106. ^Rincón et al., 2018
107. ^Rincón et al., 2015
108. ^Campo El Mamon at Fossilworks.org
109. ^Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 73-FU at Fossilworks.org
110. ^Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 50-FU at Fossilworks.org
111. ^Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 82-FU at Fossilworks.org
112. ^Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 26-FU at Fossilworks.org
113. ^Valle de Santa María at Fossilworks.org
114. ^El Morro at Fossilworks.org
115. ^Quebrada Salta, southern area of the Calchaquí Valley at Fossilworks.org
116. ^South of Rio Branco at Fossilworks.org
117. ^West of El Picacho at Fossilworks.org
118. ^4 km NE of Campo El Mamon at Fossilworks.org
119. ^Barranca de Los Loros at Fossilworks.org
120. ^Cerro Bautista at Fossilworks.org
121. ^Capilla Narbona at Fossilworks.org
122. ^Barrancas de San Juan at Fossilworks.org
123. ^Arroyo Ensenada valley at Fossilworks.org
124. ^Vallecito at Fossilworks.org
125. ^Anzótegui & Horn, 2011
126. ^Calchaquí at Fossilworks.org
127. ^Calchaquí II at Fossilworks.org

References

{{reflist|20em}}

Bibliography

Huayquerías Formation
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Andalhualá Formation
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Camacho Formation
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Cerro Azul Formation
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Chiquimil Formation
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  • {{cite LSA |last=Madozzo Jaén |first=María Carolina |last2=Pérez |first2=María Encarnación |year=2017 |title=The most ancient caviine rodent (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) comes from the late Miocene of Northwest Argentina (South America) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299569777_The_most_ancient_caviine_rodent_Hystricognathi_Cavioidea_comes_from_the_late_Miocene_of_Northwest_Argentina_South_America |journal=An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=376–383 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Martínez |first=Leandro C.A. |last2=Lutz |first2=Alicia I. |year=2004 |title=Estudios preliminares de la xiloflora de la Formación Chiquimil (Catamarca) |url=http://www.unne.edu.ar/unnevieja/Web/cyt/com2004/6-Biologia/B-018.pdf |publisher=Universidad Nacional del Nordeste - Comunicaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas |pages=1–3 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
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Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal
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Içá Formation
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Iñapari Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Frailey |first=Carl D |year=1986 |title=Late Miocene and Holocene mammals, exclusive of the Notoungulata, of the Rio Acre Region, western Amazonia |url=https://nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/pdf/contrib_science/CS374.pdf

|journal=Contributions in Science |volume=374 |pages=1–46 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
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India Muerta Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=García López |first=Daniel A. |last2=Barbot |first2=M. Judith |year=2015 |title=A late Miocene Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Metatheria, Bonapartheriiformes) from northwestern Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Garcia-Lopez/publication/276346254_A_Late_Miocene_Argyrolagidae_Mammalia_Metatheria_Bonapartheriiformes_from_Northwestern_Argentina/links/556f51d908aec226830a8bf8/A-Late-Miocene-Argyrolagidae-Mammalia-Metatheria-Bonapartheriiformes-from-Northwestern-Argentina.pdf

|journal=Ameghiniana |volume=52 |pages=314–323 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Ituzaingó Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Brandoni |first=Diego |year=2014 |title=A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262373714_A_new_genus_of_Megalonychidae_Mammalia_Xenarthra_from_the_Late_Miocene_of_Argentina |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=33–42 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Franco |first=María Jimena |last2=Brea |first2=Mariana |last3=Orfeo |first3=Óscar |last4=Zucol |first4=Alejandro F. |year=2013 |title=La paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó, Argentina |url=http://www.ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/7793/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9969_B.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

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  • {{cite LSA |last=Scillato Yané |first=Gustavo J. |last2=Góis |first2=Flávio |last3=Zurita |first3=Alfredo E. |last4=Carlini |first4=Alfredo A. |last5=González Ruiz |first5=Laureano R. |last6=Krmpotic |first6=Cecilia M. |last7=Oliva |first7=Cristian |last8=Zamorano |first8=Martín |year=2013 |title=Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/52483306.pdf |journal=Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial |volume=14 |pages=118–134 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}
Madre de Dios Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Frailey |first=Carl David |last2=Campbell Jr. |first2=Kenneth E. |year=2012 |title=Two New Genera of Peccaries (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) from Upper Miocene Deposits of the Amazon Basin |url=https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-paleontology/volume-86/issue-5/12-012.1/Two-New-Genera-of-Peccaries-Mammalia-Artiodactyla-Tayassuidae-from-Upper/10.1666/12-012.1.short |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=5 |pages=852–877 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
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  • {{cite LSA |last=Romero P. |first=Lidia |last2=Morales R. |first2=María del Carmen |last3=Carpio R |first3=Mario |year=1998 |title=Geología de los cuadrángulos de Río Acre 22-v, Iñapari 22-x, Qda. Mala 23-v, Iberia 23-x, San Lorenzo 23-y, Puerto Lidia 24-v, Río Manuripe 24-x, Mavila 24-y, Santa María 24-z, Valencia 25-z, Palma Real 26-z y Río Heath 27-z |url=http://repositorio.ingemmet.gob.pe/bitstream/ingemmet/83/275/A123-Boletin_Rio_Acre-I%C3%B1apari-Qda_Mala-Iberia....pdf |publisher=INGEMMET |pages=1–201 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
Maimará Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Abello |first=María Alejandra |last2=De los Reyes |first2=Martín |last3=Candela |first3=Adriana Magdalena |last4=Pujos |first4=François |last5=Voglino |first5=Damián |last6=Mamani Quispe |first6=Bernardino |year=2015 |title=Description of a new species of Sparassocynus (Marsupialia: Didelphoidea: Sparassocynidae) from the late Miocene of Jujuy (Argentina) and taxonomic review of Sparassocynus heterotopicus from the Pliocene of Bolivia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274029340_Description_of_a_new_species_of_Sparassocynus_Marsupialia_Didelphoidea_Sparassocynidae_from_the_late_Miocene_of_Jujuy_Argentina_and_taxonomic_review_of_Sparassocynus_heterotopicus_from_the_Pliocene_of |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3937 |issue=1 |pages=147–160 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Bonini |first=Ricardo A. |last2=Schmidt |first2=Gabriela I. |last3=Reguero |first3=Marcelo A. |last4=Cerdeño |first4=Esperanza |last5=Candela |first5=Adriana M. |last6=Solís |first6=Natalia |year=2017 |title=First record of Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Miocene–early Pliocene of the southern central Andes, NW Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315372454_First_record_of_Toxodontidae_Mammalia_Notoungulata_from_the_late_Miocene_-_Early_Pliocene_of_the_southern_central_Andes_NW_Argentina |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=566–576 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Pujos |first=François |last2=Candela |first2=Adriana |last3=Galli |first3=Claudia I. |last4=Coiras |first4=Beatriz L. |last5=Reguero |first5=Marcelo A. |last6=de los Reyes |first6=Martín |last7=Abello |first7=María Alejandra |year=2012 |title=The Scelidotherine Proscelidodon (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Late Miocene of Maimará (Northwestern Argentina, Jujuy Province) |url=http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa004297.pdf |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=_ |pages=1–7 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}
Mauri & Muyu Huasi Formations
  • {{cite LSA |last=Marshall |first=Larry G. |last2=Sempere |first2=Thierry |year=1991 |title=The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thierry_Sempere/publication/32979728_The_Eocene_to_Pleistocene_vertebrates_of_Bolivia_and_their_stratigraphic_context_A_review/links/0f317537fb9dab3d2a000000/The-Eocene-to-Pleistocene-vertebrates-of-Bolivia-and-their-stratigraphic-context-A-review.pdf

|journal=Revista técnica de YPFB |volume=12 |pages=631–652 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Miramar Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Isla |first=Federico |last2=Taglioretti |first2=Matías |last3=Dondas |first3=Alejandro |year=2015 |title=Revisión y nuevos aportes sobre la estratigrafía y sedimentología de los acantilados entre Mar de Cobo y Miramar, Provincia de Buenos Aires |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v72n2/v72n2a07.pdf |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=72 |pages=235–250 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
El Morterito Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Morton |first=Lourdes S. |last2=Herbst |first2=Rafael |year=2007 |title=Gastrópodos de la Formación El Morterito (Mioceno Superior), Valle del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268181974_Gastropodos_de_la_Formacion_El_Morterito_Mioceno_Superior_valle_del_Cajon_provincia_de_Catamarca_Argentina |journal=Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales |volume=9 |pages=153–160 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
Navidad Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Finger |first=Kenneth L. |last2=Nielsen |first2=Sven N. |last3=DeVries |first3=Thomas J. |last4=Encinas |first4=Alfonso |last5=Peterson |first5=Dawn E. |year=2007 |title=Paleontologic evidence for sedimentary displacement in Neogene forearc basins of central Chile |url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/klf/KLF_files/Palaios.pdf |journal=PALAIOS |volume=22 |pages=3–16 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Palo Pintado Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Anzótegui |first=Luisa M. |last2=Horn |first2=Maricel Yarina |year=2011 |title=Megaflora de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno Superior) Salta, Argentina Parte II |url=http://www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/14_3/artigo_04.pdf |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=14 |pages=239–254 |accessdate=2017-10-22}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Galli |first=Claudia Inés |last2=Anzótegui |first2=Luisa Matilde |last3=Horn |first3=Maricel Yanina |last4=Morton |first4=Lourdes Susana |year=2011 |title=Paleoambiente y paleocomunidades de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno-Plioceno), Provincia de Salta, Argentina |url=http://satori.geociencias.unam.mx/28-1/(12)Galli.pdf |journal=Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |volume=28 |pages=161–174 |accessdate=2017-10-22}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Reguero |first=Marcelo A. |last2=Candela |first2=Adriana M. |last3=Galli |first3=Claudia I. |last4=Bonini |first4=Ricardo |last5=Voglino |first5=Damián |year=2015 |title=A new Hypsodont Notoungulate (Hegetotheriidae, Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Salta province, Northwest of Argentina |url=http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/andgeol/v42n1/art04.pdf |journal=Andean Geology |volume=42 |pages=56–70 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Paraná Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Brea |first=Mariana |last2=Franco |first2=María Jimena |last3=Zucol |first3=Alejandro F. |year=2013 |title=Paleoflora de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno Tardío), Cuenca Chaco-Paranaense, Argentina |url=http://www.ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/7793/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9969_B.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

|journal=El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial |volume=14 |pages=41–55 |ref=harv |accessdate=2018-09-03}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Cione |first=Alberto Luis |last2=Cabrera |first2=Daniel Alfredo |last3=Barla |first3=María Julia |year=2012 |title=Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic |url=http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002136.pdf |journal=Geobios |volume=45 |pages=167–172 |accessdate=2017-10-22}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Martín Pérez |first=Leandro |year=2013 |title=Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis) |url=http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/tesis/tesis_1255.pdf

|publisher=Universidad Nacional de La Plata |pages=1–398 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Pebas Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Antoine |first=Pierre-Olivier |last2=Abello |first2=M. Alejandra |last3=Adnet |first3=Sylvain |last4=Altamirano Sierra |first4=Ali J. |last5=Baby |first5=Patrice |last6=Billet |first6=Guillaume |last7=Boivin |first7=Myriam |last8=Calderón |first8=Ysabel |last9=Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi |first9=Adriana |year=2016 |title=A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284027509_A_60-million_year_Cenozoic_history_of_Western_Amazonian_ecosystems_in_Contamana_Eastern_Peru |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=31 |pages=30–59 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Wesselingh |first=F.P. |last2=Hoorn |first2=M.C. |last3=Guerrero |first3=J. |last4=Räsänen |first4=M.E. |last5=Romero Pittmann |first5=L. |last6=Salo |first6=J. |year=2006 |title=The stratigraphy and regional structure of Miocene deposits in western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), with implications for late Neogene landscape evolution |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/41347

|journal=Scripta Geologica |volume=133 |pages=291–322 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Piquete Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=González Bonorino |first=Gustavo |last2=Abascal |first2=Liliana del Valle |year=2012 |title=Orogénesis y drenaje en la región del Valle de Lerma (Cordillera Oriental, Salta, Argentina) durante Pleistoceno tardio |url=http://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/5500/CONICET_Digital_Nro.6900_A.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=69 |pages=127–141 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}
Pisco Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Altamirano Sierra |first=Alí J |year=2013 |title=Primer registro de pelicano (Aves: Pelecanidae) para el Mioceno tardio de la formacion Pisco, Peru |url=http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/126/12627676001.pdf |journal=Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines |volume=42 |pages=1–12 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-09-04}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Báez Gómez |first=Diego A |year=2006 |title=Estudio paleoambiental de la formación Pisco:: Localidad Ocucaje |url=http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtualdata/publicaciones/geologia/vol9_n18/a06.pdf |journal=Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG |volume=9 |pages=64–69 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-09-04}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Bianucci |first=Giovanni |last2=Di Celma |first2=Claudio |last3=Urbina |first3=Mario |last4=Lambert |first4=Olivier |year=2016 |title=New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) |url=https://peerj.com/articles/2479.pdf |journal=PeerJ |volume=4 |pages=e2479 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Brand |first=Leonard |last2=Urbina |first2=Mario |last3=Chadwick |first3=Arthur |last4=DeVries |first4=Thomas J. |last5=Esperante |first5=Raul |year=2011 |title=A high resolution stratigraphic framework for the remarkable fossil cetacean assemblage of the Miocene/Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089598111100023X |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=414–425 |accessdate=2017-10-01}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Collareta |first=Alberto |last2=Lambert |first2=Olivier |last3=De Muizon |first3=Christian |last4=Urbina |first4=Mario |last5=Bianucci |first5=Giovanni |year=2017 |title=Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321627387_Koristocetus_pescei_gen_et_sp_nov_a_diminutive_sperm_whale_Cetacea_Odontoceti_Kogiidae_from_the_late_Miocene_of_Peru |journal=Fossil Record |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=259–278 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Lambert |first=Olivier |last2=Bianucci |first2=Giovanni |last3=Urbina |first3=Mario |last4=Geisler |first4=Jonathan H. |year=2017 |title=A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families |url=https://watermark.silverchair.com/zoj.12479.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAk0wggJJBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggI6MIICNgIBADCCAi8GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMwij59bEy1xr3XMvbAgEQgIICAEfkZHJoh8lrs2RQ5DIsdp3q2ryBVO952cvmHIZFcoB4s-xN5ZKdze4y9vbEtIP2-g2ODhkggNGmEBgozDOVd-oTxOOTgX4oIuaAQUTjEMN-orNvEbPPMoveX95EZXMLDjHAp2nNkzcuknl0klDi6nGXqF134QFykyILB1c1GuDO53s23_AHzV__PVjgCIY69Vm1m3Q1o_42p73hvDfpU7LPs9Yj9C-JwlqrxbnvbcCtV8YXyo-NUlzCqx_x7JVr7zk59aB5v_ksvdBHuXf6V3n4BkrWw7d49UBMqOdbZ5ZAzeNVlmoKe_Mh4Opq5SF0_umX6rF1Z1uMUZw6lzhY01p_8sxHPkJ-teprjQMmDLVVqmt2fMQR9N5qewsOngEujKSfkQLnM951GOd3kTrElnB6AvGoQaBuJ8p-SRZnltBUw8acZQbmv6tRyXQJ9DXS0iG78KENibftQHUyBwcI8Jvy8jY2jZMBfTrLFOd0KddIr4uP4evxA0Dwb70F6XBnhCprqoyRHXnNwNBsNtntecCZl7uIH6Va2i2f7bRdA2m5GUSsnbhcpGuSGJRIxzUqVP1XGdMSJm_dnHSNhjVGcp_tKmT03px5FNtI1b_WAlAJtfIOHR9G02-yU9Tv9EajoKM43mtRHLV8h1PYIiDFQAQOKsuf19qLydzNogvBHCT- |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=179 |issue=4 |pages=919–946 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Marx |first=Felix G. |last2=Lambert |first2=Olivier |last3=De Muizon |first3=Christian |year=2017 |title=A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319665365_A_new_Miocene_baleen_whale_from_Peru_deciphers_the_dawn_of_cetotheriids |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=170560 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Marx |first=Felix G. |last2=Kohno |first2=Naoki |year=2016 |title=A new Miocene baleen whale from the Peruvian desert |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308893127_A_new_Miocene_baleen_whale_from_the_Peruvian_desert |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=3 |issue=10 |pages=160542 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Poma Porras |first=Orlando |last2=Horna Santillán |first2=Edgard |last3=Esperante |first3=Raúl |year=2009 |title=Baleen Fósil (Cetacea: mysticeti) en Sedimentos de la Cuenca Marina del Neógeno en la Formación Pisco, al Sur del Perú |url=http://investigacion.upeu.edu.pe/images/Journal/RV01/Poma-Horna-Esperante.pdf |journal=Revista de Investigación Universitaria |volume=1 |pages=84–97 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-09-04}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Ramassamy |first=Benjamin |last2=Lambert |first2=Olivier |last3=Collareta |first3=Alberto |last4=Urbina |first4=Mario |last5=Bianucci |first5=Giovanni |year=2018 |title=Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities |url=https://www.foss-rec.net/21/11/2018/fr-21-11-2018.pdf |journal=Fossil Record |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=11–32 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Solís Mundaca |first=Flavio Alejandro |year=2018 |title=Bioestratigrafía e implicancias paleoceanográficas de las diatomeas de la sección Cerro Caucato, Formación Pisco, Ica, Peru (MSc. thesis) |url=http://repositorio.upch.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/upch/3733/Bioestratigrafia_SolisMundaca_Flavio.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |publisher=Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia |pages=1–158 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Stucchi |first=Marcelo |last2=Emslie |first2=Steven D. |last3=Varas Malca |first3=Rafael M. |last4=Urbina Schmitt |first4=Mario |year=2015a |title=A new late Miocene condor (Aves, Cathartidae) from Peru and the origin of South American condors |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280777253_A_new_late_Miocene_condor_Aves_Cathartidae_from_Peru_and_the_origin_of_South_American_Condors |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=e972507 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Stucchi |first=Marcelo |last2=Varas Malca |first2=Rafael M. |last3=Urbina Schmitt |first3=Mario |year=2015b |title=New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app001702015.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=417–427 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Stucchi |first=M |year=2007 |title=Los pingüinos de la Formación Pisco (Neógeno), Perú |url=http://www.monografias.com/trabajos-pdf2/pinguinos-formacion-pisco-neogeno-peru/pinguinos-formacion-pisco-neogeno-peru.pdf |journal=4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero |volume=8 |pages=367–373 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-09-04}}
Quehua Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Baldellón P. |first=Eddy |last2=Fornari |first2=Michel |last3=Espinoza R. |first3=Félix |last4=Soler |first4=Pierre |year=1994 |title=Sucesión Estructural de la Zona Serranía de las Minas |url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_55-56/010021833.pdf |publisher=Memorias del XI Congreso Geológico de Bolivia |pages=238–247 |accessdate=2017-10-25}}
Raigón Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Tófalo |first=Ofelia Rita |last2=Morrás |first2=Héctor J.M. |year=2009 |title=Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v65n4/v65n4a08.pdf |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume= |pages=674–686 |accessdate=2018-09-12}}
Saldungaray Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Verzi |first=Diego H. |last2=Montalvo |first2=Claudia I. |last3=Deschamps |first3=Cecilia M. |year=2008 |title=Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: Evidence from rodents and taphonomy |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248616305_Biostratigraphy_and_biochronology_of_the_Late_Miocene_of_central_Argentina_Evidence_from_rodents_and_taphonomy

|journal=Geobios |volume=41 |pages=145–155 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Salicas Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Brandoni |first=Diego |last2=Schmidt |first2=Gabriela I. |last3=Candela |first3=Adriana M. |last4=Noriega |first4=Jorge I. |last5=Brunetto |first5=Ernesto |last6=Fiorelli |first6=Lucas E. |year=2012 |title=Mammals from the Salicas Formation (Late Miocene), La Rioja Province, Northwestern Argentina: Paleobiogeography, age and paleoenvironment |url=http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa004294.pdf

|journal=Ameghiniana |volume=49 |pages=1–13 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
Solimões Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Bocquentin |first=Jean |last2=Melo |first2=Janira |year=2006 |title=Stupendemys souzai sp. nov. (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) from the Miocene-Pliocene of the Solimões Formation, Brazil |url=http://www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/9_2/RBP9-2-Jean.pdf |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=9 |pages=187–192 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Carvalho |first=Patricia |last2=Bocquentin |first2=Jean |last3=De Lapparent de Broin |first3=France |year=2002 |title=Une nouvelle espèce de Podocnemis (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) provenant du Néogène de la formation Solimões, Acre, Brésil |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/France_De_LAPPARENT2/publication/256714889_Une_nouvelle_espece_de_Podocnemis_Pleurodira_Podocnemididae_provenant_du_Neogene_de_la_formation_Solimoes_Acre_Bresil/links/00b49526a5200b2508000000/Une-nouvelle-espece-de-Podocnemis-Pleurodira-Podocnemididae-provenant-du-Neogene-de-la-formation-Solimoes-Acre-Bresil.pdf |journal=Geobios |volume=35 |pages=677–686 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Cozzuol |first=Mario Alberto |year=2006 |title=The Acre vertebrate fauna: Age, diversity, and geography |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222357514_The_Acre_vertebrate_fauna_Age_diversity_and_geography |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=21 |pages=185–203 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Kerber |first=Leonardo |last2=Bissaro Júnior |first2=Marcos César |last3=Negri |first3=Francisco R. |last4=De Souza Filho |first4=Jonas Pereira |last5=Guilherme |first5=Edson |last6=Schmaltz Hsiou |first6=Annie |year=2017 |title=A new rodent (Caviomorpha: Dinomyidae) from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia |url=http://paleolab.com.br/assets/uploads/files/2017._Kerber_et_al._A_new_rodent_Caviomorpha_Dinomyidae_from_the_upper_Miocene_of_southwestern_Brazilian_Amazonia_%281%29.pdf |journal=An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=985–993 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Kerber |first=Leonardo |last2=Negri |first2=Francisco Ricardo |last3=Ribeiro |first3=Ana Maria |last4=Vucetich |first4=Maria Guiomar |last5=De Souza Filho |first5=Jonas Pereira |year=2016 |title=Late Miocene potamarchine rodents from southwestern Amazonia, Brazil—with description of new taxa |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/121051/1/app000912014.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=191–203 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
Urumaco Formation
  • {{cite LSA |last=Carrillo Briceño |first=Jorge D. |last2=Maxwell |first2=Erin |last3=Aguilera |first3=Órangel A. |last4=Sánchez |first4=Rodolfo |last5=Sánchez Villagra |first5=Marcelo R. |year=2015 |title=Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela) |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0139230&type=printable |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=e0139230 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Linares |first=Omar J |year=2004 |title=Bioestratigrafía de la fauna de mamíferos de las formaciones Socorro, Urumaco y Codore (Mioceno Medio-Plioceno Temprano) de la región de Urumaco, Falcón, Venezuela |url=http://www.paleobio.labb.usb.ve/Paleobio01.pdf |journal=Paleobiología Neotropical |volume=1 |pages=1–26 |ref=harv |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Quijano Ballesteros |first=Jhon Richard |year=2005 |title=Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en la sección de El Mamón (miembro medio de la Formación Urumaco, Estado Falcón) (MSc. thesis) |url=http://159.90.210.77/sites/default/files/Pre/Jhon%20Quijano.pdf |publisher=Universidad Simón Bolívar |pages=1–92 |accessdate=2017-10-27}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Rincón |first=Ascanio D. |last2=Solórzano |first2=Andrés |last3=McDonald |first3=H. Gregory |last4=Montellano Ballesteros |first4=Marisol |year=2018 |title=Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2018.1427639?journalCode=tjsp20 |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=409–421 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}
  • {{cite LSA |last=Rincón |first=Ascanio D. |last2=McDonald |first2=H. Gregory |last3=Solórzano |first3=Andrés |last4=Núñez Flores |first4=Mónica |last5=Ruiz Ramoni |first5=Damián |year=2015 |title=A new enigmatic Late Miocene mylodontoid sloth from northern South America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272786326_A_new_enigmatic_Late_Miocene_mylodontoid_sloth_from_northern_South_America |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=140256 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
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3 : Huayquerian|Miocene South America|Neogene Argentina
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