“John Seymour (1474–1536)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall in the parish of Great Bedwyn in the Savernake Forest, Wiltshire, Knight banneret (c. 1474{{sfn|Norton|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false 7]}}{{sfn|Aubrey|1862|p=375–376|ps=:John Seymour's monument gives his age as 60 which points to a birth year of 1476. "This Knight departed this Lyfe at LX years of age, the XXI day of December, Anno 1536 ..."}} – 21 December 1536{{sfn|Norton|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA125#v=onepage&q&f=false 125–126]}}) was an English soldier and a courtier who served both Henry VII and Henry VIII. Born into a prominent gentry family, he is best known as the father of the Henry VIII's third wife, Jane Seymour, and hence grandfather of king Edward VI of England.{{sfn|Pollard|1897|pp=299–310}}

Family

The Seymours were descendants of an Anglo-Norman family that took its name from St. Maur-sur-Loire in Touraine. William de St. Maur in 1240 held the manors of Penhow and Woundy (now called Undy in Monmouthshire). William's great-grandson, Sir Roger de St. Maur, had two sons: John, whose granddaughter conveyed these manors by marriage into the family of Bowlay of Penhow, who bore the Seymour arms; and Sir Roger (c.1308 – Before 1366), who married Cicely, eldest sister and heir of John de Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp. Cicely brought to the Seymours the manor of Hache, Somerset, and her grandson, Roger Seymour, by his marriage with Maud, daughter and heir of Sir William Esturmy, acquired Wulfhall (or Wolf Hall) in Wiltshire.{{sfn|Roskell & Knightly|1993|}} Sir John Seymour, was a great-great-grandson of this Roger Seymour.{{sfn|Pollard|1897|pp=299–310}}

Sir John Seymour, was born around 1474,{{sfn|Norton|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false 7]}}{{sfn|Aubrey|1862|p=375–376|ps=:John Seymour's monument gives his age as 60 which points to a birth year of 1476. "This Knight departed this Lyfe at LX years of age, the XXI day of December, Anno 1536 ..."}} the eldest son of John Seymour (c. 1450 – 26 October 1491) of Wulfhall, Wiltshire, by his marriage to Elizabeth Darell (or Darrell) (born c. 1451). He married Margery, the daughter of Sir Henry Wentworth of Nettlestead, Suffolk, and his wife Anne Say.{{sfn|Pollard|1897|pp=299–310}} Anne was the daughter of Sir John Say and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Lawrence Cheney (or Cheyne) (c.1396–1461) and Elizabeth Cokayne.{{sfn|Pollard|1897|pp=299–310}} Margery Wentworth's grandfather, Sir Philip Wentworth, had married Mary, daughter of John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford, whose mother Elizabeth was daughter of Henry Percy (Hotspur) and great-great-granddaughter of Edward III.{{sfn|Seymour|1972|p=18}} Margery was renowned for her beauty as well as her quiet and gentle demeanour, and she came to the attention of the poet, John Skelton.{{sfn|Norton|2009|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false 9–10]}}

Career

He succeeded his father in 1492 and was knighted in the field by Henry VII for his services against the Cornish rebels at Blackheath on 17 June 1497.{{sfn|Loades|2013|p=20}} He was made Knight banneret in 1513.{{sfn|Pollard|1897|pp=299–310}} He was present at the sieges of Thérouanne and Tournay in 1513 as well as the two meetings between Henry VIII and Francis I:– the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520 and again in 1532. {{sfn|Davids|1982}}

Offices held

Marriage and Issue

Sir John Seymour (1474–21 December 1536),{{sfn|Norton|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA125#v=onepage&q&f=false 125–126]}}{{sfn|Aubrey|1862|p=375–376|ps=:John Seymour's monument gives his age as 60 which points to a birth year of 1476. "This Knight departed this Lyfe at LX years of age, the XXI day of December, Anno 1536 ..."}} of Wulfhall, Savernake, Wiltshire, married Margery Wentworth (c.1478–18 October 1550) on 22 October 1494.{{sfn|Norton|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false 11]}} The couple had ten children:

Of the ten children born at Wulfhall, six survived:– three sons: Edward, Henry and Thomas, and three daughters: Jane, Dorothy and Elizabeth. Edward, Thomas, Jane and Elizabeth were courtiers. Edward and Thomas, would both be executed during the reign of Edward VI. Henry Seymour, who lacked his brothers' ambition, lived away from court, in relative obscurity.{{sfn|Hawkyard|1982b}}

He also had an illegitimate son:{{sfn|MacLean|1887|p=[https://archive.org/stream/transactionsbris12bris#page/152/mode/2up 152]|ps=, Will proved 4 August 1599}}{{sfn|Seymour|1972|p=26}}{{sfn|Chitty|1885|p=[https://archive.org/stream/visitationofcoun21macl#page/n143/mode/2up 129]}}

Notable children

Four of the Seymour children achieved prominence at the royal court:– Edward, Thomas, Jane and Elizabeth.

Jane Seymour, the eldest surviving daughter, was a maid of honour of Henry's first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and then later of Anne Boleyn. Henry VIII stayed at Wulfhall with Queen Anne in the summer of 1535 for a few days.{{sfn|Lauder|2002|p=138}} In early 1536, Henry declared his love for Jane and began spending increasing amounts of time with her, chaperoned by her brother, Edward. Henry and Jane were officially betrothed the day after Anne Boleyn was arrested and executed on charges of treason, adultery and incest. After Jane became queen on 30 May 1536, her family scaled the social ranks, as was befitting the family of a royal consort.

Her eldest brother, Edward, was made an earl and eventually a duke and briefly ruled England on behalf of his nephew, King Edward VI. Her second brother, Thomas, was made a baron and Lord High Admiral, and in 1547 eloped with Henry VIII's widow, Queen Catherine Parr. Both Edward and Thomas were beheaded for treason, a few years apart.

Seymour's second daughter, Elizabeth, was first married to Sir Anthony Ughtred (c.1478 – 1534), secondly to Gregory Cromwell (c.1520 – 1551), son of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, and for a third time to John Paulet, Baron St John (c.1510 – 1576), who succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester in 1572.

Death and burial

Seymour died on 21 December 1536.{{sfn|Davids|1982}} By royal custom, his daughter Queen Jane did not attend the funeral.{{sfn|Norton|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA125#v=onepage&q&f=false 125–126]}} He was first buried in the church of Easton Priory, but following the collapse of that building was reburied in 1590 by his grandson, Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, in the church of Great Bedwyn,{{sfn|Aubrey|1862|p=[https://archive.org/stream/wiltshiretopogra00aubr#page/374/mode/2up 374–375]}}{{sfn|Sherlock|2008|p=34, 36}} the parish church of Wulfhall, where survives his monument.^[4]^[5] His eldest son and heir, Edward Seymour, inherited lands to the annual value of £275.{{sfn|Davids|1982}}

Monument, Great Bedwyn

His Monument in Great Bedwyn Church consists of a chest tomb displaying heraldic escutcheons, surmounted by his recumbent effigy, fully dressed in armour with hands in prayer, his head resting on his helm from which projects the sculpted Seymour crest of a pair of wings. His feet rest on a lion and a sword lies by his side.^[6] On the wall above is fixed a tablet inscribed as follows:^[7]

A transcript was made of the inscriptions of the Seymour monuments by the topographer John Aubrey on his visit to the church in 1672, who also recorded the heraldry on the monument at that date, much of which has been lost.^[8]

Notes

1. ^https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p052k2jt
2. ^Frederic Madden, Bulkeley Bandinel, John Gough Nichols, (Eds.), Collectanea Topographica Et Genealogica, Vol.5, pp.21–24 [https://books.google.com/books?id=JS4EAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=here+lyeth+intombed+the+worthie+john+seymour&source=bl&ots=ZG2xaq2ke-&sig=GRz_gOov8HjNSnUSk1wH8JfD4DE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTo9yrx6fJAhVIvRoKHWREDN4Q6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=here%20lyeth%20intombed%20the%20worthie%20john%20seymour&f=false]
3. ^Shingle Hall is also listed as Shingey, Shingley and Shinglehall in various sources.
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol16/pp8-49|title=Great Bedwyn - British History Online|website=www.british-history.ac.uk|accessdate=12 January 2019}}
5. ^For description of monument and transcript of inscription see: Collectanea Topographica Et Genealogica, Volume 5 edited by Frederic Madden, Bulkeley Bandinel, John Gough Nichols, pp.21–24 [https://books.google.com/books?id=JS4EAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=here+lyeth+intombed+the+worthie+john+seymour&source=bl&ots=ZG2xaq2ke-&sig=GRz_gOov8HjNSnUSk1wH8JfD4DE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTo9yrx6fJAhVIvRoKHWREDN4Q6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=here%20lyeth%20intombed%20the%20worthie%20john%20seymour&f=false]. For images see: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/32157648@N08/3383861255]
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101365492-church-of-st-mary-the-virgin-great-bedwyn|title=Church of St Mary the Virgin, Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire|first=Good|last=Stuff|website=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk|accessdate=12 January 2019}}
7. ^Text from: Frederic Madden, Bulkeley Bandinel, John Gough Nichols, (Eds.), Collectanea Topographica Et Genealogica, Vol.5, pp.21–24, corrected from observation of photograph
8. ^Aubrey,John, [https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4HAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA71 An Essay Towards the Description of the North Division of Wiltshire], 1672, (ed. Sir T. Phillipps), 1838 Edition, pp.72–4