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词条 Human-powered hydrofoil
释义

  1. Propulsion

     Flapping wing propulsion 

  2. Electric Assist Hydrofoils

  3. References

  4. External links

A human-powered hydrofoil is a small hydrofoil watercraft propelled entirely by the muscle power of its operator(s).[1] Hydrofoils are the fastest water-based vehicles propelled solely by human power. They can reach speeds of up to {{convert|34|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}},[1][2][3] easily exceeding the world records set by competitive rowing which stand at about {{convert|20|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}. This speed advantage is achieved since hydrofoils lack a submerged body to provide buoyancy, greatly reducing the drag force.[1]

Propulsion

Means of propulsion include screw propellers, as in hydrocycles; aircraft propellers, as in the Decavitator; paddles, as in a Flyak; oars, as in the Yale hydrofoil sculling project;[4] and flapping wings, as detailed below.

Flapping wing propulsion

Flapping wing propulsion devices are hydrofoils that generate propulsion by forcing a foil to move up and down in the water. The forward motion of the foil then generates lift as in other hydrofoils. A common design consists of a large foil at the stern that is used both for propulsion and keeping the passenger above the water, connected to a smaller foil at the bow used for steering and longitudinal stability. Riders operate the vehicle by bouncing up and down on a small platform at the stern, whilst holding onto a steering column.[5][6] It is started and landed from the shore, or preferably from a dock, and requires a bit of experience. When moving too slowly, it will sink, and the range of possible speeds is {{convert|9|-|30|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}.[6]

Several variations on the design have been developed:

  • The Wasserläufer was a forerunner of the design developed in Germany during the 1950s.[7]
  • The Flying Fish was developed by Allan Abbott and Alec Brooks in 1984.[8]
  • The Pogofoil, with pontoons for flotation, was developed in the US in 1989.[9]
  • The Trampofoil was developed in Sweden in 1998.[10]
  • The AquaSkipper was developed the US in 2003.[11][12]
  • The Pumpabike was developed in South Africa in 2004.[6][13]

Electric Assist Hydrofoils

  • The Hydrofoiler XE-1 is a Hydrofoil electric bike developed in New Zealand in 2011 onwards. [14]

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite news | first = Duncan | last = Graham-Rowe | title = Human-powered hydrofoil seeks jumpy riders | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7414 | work = New Scientist | date = 2005-05-23 }}
2. ^{{cite web|url= http://stuff.tv/News/Pumpabike-personal-hydrofoil/3096/|title= Pumpabike personal hydrofoil|date=2005-12-17|accessdate=2008-04-29|work= Stuff.tv}}
3. ^{{cite web| url = http://lancet.mit.edu/decavitator| title = Decavitator Human-Powered Hydrofoil| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
4. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.foils.org/08%20Mandles%20Prize/2015%20Mandles%20Prize/Awards%202015/Lily%20Van%20Steenberg%20Paper.pdf| title = Design, Construction, and Testing of a Hydrofoil Rowing Shell| author = Lily Van Steenberg, Ensign, United States Navy| date = 2015| publisher = The International Hydrofoil Society| accessdate = 2016-07-06}}
5. ^{{cite web |url = http://gadgetshow.five.tv/jsp/5gsmain.jsp?lnk=401&featureid=219&pageid=-1&show=s5e5§ion=Features |title = Suzi goes for a bit of pumping |date = 2006-10-16 |accessdate = 2008-04-29 |work = Five - The Gadget Show |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070319032433/http://gadgetshow.five.tv/jsp/5gsmain.jsp?lnk=401&featureid=219&pageid=-1&show=s5e5§ion=Features |archivedate = 2007-03-19 |df = }}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url= https://gizmodo.com/gadgets/gadgets/vehicles/pumpabike-humanpowered-hydrofoil-104726.php|title= Pumpabike: Human-Powered Hydrofoil|date= 2005-05-24|accessdate=2008-04-29|work= Gizmodo }}
7. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/1953-the-wasserlaeufer-by-dipl-ing-julius-schuck/| title = 1953 The "Wasserläufer"| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
8. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.flyingfishhydrofoil.com/| title = 1984 The "Flying Fish"| publisher = Alec Brooks and Allan Abbott| accessdate = 2013-12-31}}
9. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/pogofoil-parker-mccready/| title = 1989 Pogofoil Parker McCready| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/trampofoil/| title = 1998 Trampofoil| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
11. ^{{cite web| url = http://uncrate.com/stuff/aquaskipper/| title = Aquaskipper| publisher = Uncrate| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
12. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/aquaskipper/| title = AquaSkipper| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
13. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.human-powered-hydrofoils.com/hydrofoils/pumpabike/| title = Pumpabike| publisher = Human-Powered Hydrofoils| accessdate = 2013-02-10}}
14. ^{{cite web url = https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/innovation/90820686/Hydrofoil-water-bike-to-launch-before-Christmas

External links

  • human-powered-hydrofoils.com - Human powered hydrofoil designs from 1953 to present
  • Instruction videos on how to use the trampofoil
{{Human-powered vehicles}}

2 : Human-powered vehicles|Hydrofoils
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