| 词条 | Human tooth sharpening |
| 释义 |
Human tooth sharpening is the practice of manually sharpening the teeth, usually the front incisors. Filed teeth are customary in various cultures. Many remojadas figurines found in part of Mexico have filed teeth and it is believed to have been common practice in their culture. The Zappo Zap people of the Democratic Republic of Congo are believed to have filed their teeth. Historically it was done for spiritual purposes, with some exceptions, but in modern times it is usually aesthetic in nature as an extreme form of body modification.[1] HistoryMany cultures have practiced this form of body modification. In Bali, in a ritual known as Potong gigi, canine teeth were filed down because it was thought that the teeth represented anger, jealousy, and other similar negative emotions.[2] The teeth were also sharpened as a rite of passage for adolescents.[1] Teeth filing was also used by Aborigines for spiritual reasons, as well as assorted Vietnamese and Sudanese tribes. In Mayan culture, the teeth were sharpened, and sometimes had designs carved into them, to distinguish those in the upper-classes. Many cultures would sharpen their teeth to imitate animals, such as the Wapare of intertropical Africa, who sharpened their teeth to imitate sharks, as well as kicking out some mandibular teeth during puberty.[3] In Ancient China, a group called Ta-ya Kih-lau (打牙仡佬, literally 仡佬 (Gelao people) who beat out their teeth"[4]) had every woman about to wed knock out two of her anterior teeth to "prevent damage to the husband's family."[4] Some cultures have distinctions between which sex does what to their teeth. In the central Congo region, the Upoto tribe has men file only teeth in the maxillary arch, whereas women file both maxillary and mandibular arches.[5] The Mentawai people have also traditionally engaged in this practice.[6] David Livingstone mentions a number of African tribes who practice teeth-filing, including the Bemba, Yao, Makonde, Matambwe, Mboghwa and Chipeta. [7] Examples in the modern world
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=DeMello|first=Margo|title=Encyclopedia of Body Adornment|edition=Illustrated|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|page=81|isbn=0-313-33695-4}} 2. ^{{Citation|last=VICE Asia|title=Grinding Teeth: The Wild Indonesian Coming Of Age Ritual|date=2018-10-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwGNP13LWi8|access-date=2019-02-13}} 3. ^{{Cite book|last=Frazer|first=James George|title=Totemism and Exogamy: A Treatise on Certain Early Forms of Superstition and Society|volume=4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2006|page=191|isbn=1-4254-9924-4}} 4. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Frazer|first=James George|title=Totemism and Exogamy: A Treatise on Certain Early Forms of Superstition and Society|volume=4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2006|page=187|isbn=1-4254-9924-4}} 5. ^{{Cite book|last=Frazer|first=James George|title=Totemism and Exogamy: A Treatise on Certain Early Forms of Superstition and Society|volume=4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2006|page=193|isbn=1-4254-9924-4}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Ver Berkmoes|first=Ryan|title=Indonesia|edition=eBook|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|year=2010|page=428|isbn=1-74104-830-3}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2566/|title=The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa. From Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-five to his Death. Continued by a Narrative of his Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained from his Faithful Servants, Chuma and Susi, by Horace Waller, F.R.G.S., Rector of Twywell, Northhampton|date=1875-01-01|access-date=2016-12-06}} External links{{commons category|Sharpened teeth}}
2 : Body modification|Teeth |
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