词条 | Hungarian People's Army |
释义 |
Air Defence Forces|headquarters=Budapest|minister_title=Minister of Defense|minister=Ferenc Kárpáti (last)|commander_title=Chief of Staff|commander=László Borsits (last)|conscription=Yes|deployed={{flag|Czechoslovakia}}|foreign_suppliers={{flag|Soviet Union}} {{flag|Cuba}} {{flag|Vietnam}}|history=Korean War Vietnam War Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|active=100,000 (1989)}} The Hungarian People's Army HPA ({{lang-hu|Magyar Néphadsereg}}) was the military of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party and the Hungarian People's Republic from 1951 to 1990. It only saw combat once during its existence, which was assisting the Soviet Union in crushing the Prague Spring. It maintained close ties to the Warsaw Pact along with other Eastern Bloc countries. It dissolved in 1989 and retained its current form through the Hungarian Defence Force. HistoryAfter the 1948 creation of the HPA the allies and the Soviet Union permitted it to have a 65,000 strong Army and an Air Force with 5,000 personnel and 90 aircraft. The first Minister of Defence Mihály Farkas completely based the HPA off of Stalinism until the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.The HPA mimicked the Soviet Army's Political commissar model, In which party members could teach the ideas of Marxism–Leninism to soldiers of the HPA. After Stalin's death, De-Stalinization CompositionThe HPA's manpower by 1989 was approximately 100,000 and about 64,000 were conscripts. It had the smallest number of aircraft and least equipment in the Warsaw Pact. It consisted of the Hungarian Ground Force and the Hungarian Air Force. The ground forces accounted for 77 percent of the HPA.[3] Organization{{external media|align1=right|width1=250px|video1=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=X76AqxbRoOs&t=1490s The 7015th Ceremonial Regiment of the Hungarian People's Army]|align2=right|width2=250px|video2=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VajDS6Ye2AI&index=71&t=0s&list=WL Hungarian Border Guards]}}The HPA has two branches:
The branches not under the Ministry of Defense were the following:
The combined strength of the HPA in 1989 was 100,000 personnel. [https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hmj0W5DsXQ0/Wa1jKRLl6cI/AAAAAAAAASc/2G79qrfMJ-I-I2vjaPVyG9asc2twcx3XgCLcBGAs/s1600/orbat_MN_63.png Order of battle of Hungarian People's Army, 1963.][8] EquipmentIn the 1950s the Army was equipped with T-34/85 tanks, as well as 68 IS-2s, which were in service between 1950-1956. After the crackdown of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 all were returned to the Soviet Union.[9] The Army had 1,200 T-54 and T-55 tanks in 1988.It also had about 100 Soviet made T-72's in its inventory.The HPA's artillery included 225 M-1938 122 mm and 50 M-1943 or D-1 howitzers.It also included 90 2S1 122mm and 20 2S3 152mm self-propelled guns.[10] Military ConscriptionMost conscripts were poorly trained, and therefore they were used as a labor forces.All of the conscripts had to go through a few weeks of rifle training before they go into workers branches. During the conscription period opinion towards the HPA became very negative and it caused many young men to make excuses on why they should not be drafted (mainly fake medical excuses).[11] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_sovietization.html|title=Hungary Sovietization - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_state_security_force~101.html|title=Hungary State Security Forces and the Revolution - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/hu-hpa.htm|title=Hungarian People's Army (HPA)|last=Pike|first=John|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=2016-09-28}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_national_police.html|title=Hungary National Police - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_security_police.html|title=Hungary Security Police - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_border_guard.html|title=Hungary Border Guard - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_workers_guard.html|title=Hungary Workers' Guard - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tenydaralo.blogspot.hu/2017/09/a-tankok-tankja-t-55-harckocsi.html|title=A T-55 harckocsi legendája III/3.rész|last=|first=|date=6 September 2017|website=Ténydaráló|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 9. ^http://epa.oszk.hu/01600/01639/00008/pdf/EPA01639_elso_szazad_2012_tel_061-069.pdf 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_ground_forces.html|title=Hungary Ground Forces - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/hungary/national_security/hungary_national_security_conscript_programs.html|title=Hungary Conscript Programs - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com|access-date=2016-09-28}} 3 : Hungarian People's Republic|1951 establishments in Hungary|1990 disestablishments in Hungary |
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