词条 | Hungerford Crewe, 3rd Baron Crewe |
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Hungerford Crewe, 3rd Baron Crewe FSA, FRS (10 August 1812 – 3 January 1894) was an English landowner and peer. The son of John Crewe, 2nd Baron Crewe, an army general, and Henrietta Maria Anna Walker-Hungerford,[1][2] he was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.[3] He had two sisters; Henrietta Hungerford Offley Crewe (1808-1879) and Annabella Hungerford Crewe (1814-1874). He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1840 and of the Royal Society in 1841.[3][4] Landlord and charitable worksOn his father's death in 1835, he became the third Baron Crewe and inherited the Jacobean mansion of Crewe Hall in Cheshire, together with a large estate in Cheshire, Staffordshire and Leicestershire.[1] In 1871, he was the fifth greatest landowner in Cheshire, with a total of {{convert|10148|acre|ha|sigfig=4}}.[5] At his death in 1894, the total rents were estimated at £37,000 per year.[1] He appears to have been a relatively benevolent landlord, rebuilding farms, providing cottages and endowing schools.[1] In 1866, he paid more compensation to tenant farmers whose herds were affected by the cattle plague outbreak than was required by law.[6] He also made many charitable gifts, for example in Sandbach where he donated his income as lord of the manor to the local board, gave land for a town and market hall, and erected a drinking fountain.[1] It was a period of rapid change: when he inherited the estate, the area to the west of Crewe Hall park was countryside with scattered farms; by his death it was occupied by the major railway centre of Crewe. He unsuccessfully opposed the construction of a Silverdale and Madeley Railway Company line from Newcastle-under-Lyme to Wrexham, which passed through the Crewe estate.[7] Alterations to Crewe HallLord Crewe commissioned Edward Blore to make alterations to Crewe Hall (1837–42). These included major changes to the plan of the building, redecoration of the interior in a Jacobethan style more sympathetic to the original Jacobean house, and modernisations including the installation of a warm-air heating system. Blore also added a centrepiece and clocktower to the stables quadrangle and built a gate lodge. The total cost of the works was £30,000.[8][9][10][11] A fire gutted the main hall in January 1866.[12] Extensive restoration work was carried out for Lord Crewe by E. M. Barry, son of Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the Palace of Westminster (1866–70).[8][9][10] Barry added a tower to the west wing; required for water storage, the tower was intended to unite the east and west wings of the hall. He also reorganised the plan of the ground floor.[8] The gardens were redesigned after the fire by W. A. Nesfield, and his son William Eden Nesfield also designed various estate buildings.[10] Lord Crewe died of influenza at Crewe Hall in 1894. He never married and the barony became extinct on his death.[1] His estates were inherited by his nephew, Robert Milnes, Baron Houghton, later Earl and Marquess of Crewe, son of his sister Annabella Hungerford Milnes, née Crewe, Lady Houghton.[13] The correspondence of his sisters, which include many references to Hungerford Crewe, as well as a small number of letters by Hungerford himself, are deposited at the Borthwick Institute for Archives in York. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Citation |last = Anon. |title = Obituary: Lord Crewe |newspaper = The Times |pages = 8 |date = 5 January 1894}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}{{s-start}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-bef|before=John Crewe}}{{s-ttl|title=Baron Crewe|years=1835–1894}}{{s-non|reason=Extinct}}{{s-end}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Crewe, Hungerford, 3rd Baron Crewe}}2. ^{{Citation | last = Hinchliffe | first = Edward | title = Barthomley: In Letters from a Former Rector to his Eldest Son | place = London | publisher = Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans | year = 1856 | page = 323 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=wgkNAAAAYAAJ }} 3. ^1 {{citation |title = thePeerage.com: Person Page - 23241 |url = http://www.thepeerage.com/p23241.htm |publisher= Darryl Lundy| accessdate = 2009-01-25}} 4. ^{{citation |title = Library and Archive catalogue: Crewe; Hungerford (1812 - 1894); 3rd Baron Crewe |url = http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)%3D%27Crewe%27) |publisher= Royal Society| accessdate = 2009-01-25}} 5. ^Crosby, Alan. A History of Cheshire, p. 87 (Phillimore; 1996) ({{ISBN|0 85033 932 4}}) 6. ^Scard, Geoffrey. Squire and Tenant: Life in Rural Cheshire, 1760–1900 (A History of Cheshire, Vol. 10; series editor: J.J. Bagley), p. 91 (Cheshire Community Council; 1981) ({{ISBN|0 903119 12 9}}) 7. ^Scard, p. 36 8. ^1 2 de Figueiredo, Peter & Treuherz, Julian. Cheshire Country Houses, pp. 66–71 (Phillimore; 1988) ({{ISBN|0 85033 655 4}}) 9. ^1 Pevsner, Nikolaus & Hubbard, Edward. The Buildings of England: Cheshire, pp. 191–195 (Penguin Books; 1971) ({{ISBN|0 14 071042 6}}) 10. ^1 2 Robinson, John Martin. A Guide to the Country Houses of the North-West, pp. 24–26 (Constable; 1991) ({{ISBN|0 09 469920 8}}) 11. ^Scard, p. 23 12. ^{{Citation |last = Anon. |title = Destruction of Crewe-hall by fire |newspaper = The Times |pages = 6 |date = 4 January 1866}} 13. ^{{citation |title = Davis, John. Milnes, Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-, marquess of Crewe (1858–1945), in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (September 2004; January 2008) |url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32628 |publisher= Oxford University Press| accessdate = 2009-01-23}} 9 : 1812 births|1894 deaths|Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London|Deaths from influenza|People educated at Eton College|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|English landowners |
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