“Hvidsten Group”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Hvidsten Group (Danish: Hvidstengruppen) was a Danish resistance group during World War II named after the Hvidsten Inn between Randers and Mariager in Jutland where it was formed.

History

The Hvidsten Group became connected to the resistance movement through Ole Giesler, a captain of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) who helped organise British weapons drops for the Danish Resistance. Marius Fiil, owner of the Hvidsten Inn and leader of the Hvidsten Group, met with Giesler on March 12, 1943 following an SOE drop the night before on Trinderup Heath east of Mariager that had delivered 12-14 containers of explosives and weapons to supply the resistance in Jutland. That evening, Fils, with the help of his neighbour Andreas Stenz, retrieved the weapons and eventually brought them to Mustard Point, which was chosen by the Hvidsten Group as a receiving site and became one of its most reliable during the resistance effort.

The Hvidsten Group received many drops during the resistance signalled via "greetings" at the end of the BBC news broadcasts with the encoded message "Greetings to Elias - Listen again" and delivered via British Halifax planes. The Hvidsten group was responsible for pick-up at Allestrupgårds Heath and delivery of explosives to resistance groups like BOPA and Holger Danske to be used for sabotage of railways, locomotive sheds, bridges and factories in use by the German occupation forces.^[1]

Activities revealed

The activities of the Hvidsten Group and several other resistance groups were revealed to the Gestapo by Jacob Jensen, a British Army paratrooper employed by the Special Operations Executive after he was captured on 13 December 1943 in Aarhus and interrogated under torture. On March 11, 1944, in the early morning, the Gestapo surrounded the Hvidsten Inn and the majority of the group were arrested. Their arrest was reported by the resistance newspaper De frie Danske on 18 March 1944.^[2]

The following month De frie Danske reported that several arrestees from Hvidsten, including Marius Fiil, had been transferred from Randers to Vestre Fængsel.^[3]

Eight of its members were sentenced to death on June 26 and executed by firing squad in Ryvangen on June 29, 1944, three weeks after D-day.^[4]^[5]

On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of Fiil, his son and son-in-law, the life sentence of his older daughter and the two-year sentence of his younger daughter and compared Fiil to Svend Gønge and Niels Ebbesen, while lamenting the profound loss of Fiil's widow.^[6] News of the executions contributed to escalation of the general strikes happening in Copenhagen.

Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Fiil and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed.^[7]

Members of the group and their fates

Memorial

The bodies of the eight executed members of Hvidsten Group were found in Ryvangen, and in the summer of 1945 their remains were taken home to Hvidsten and buried 100 meters north of Hvidsten Inn, where there is a memorial grove and erected a monument with the following inscription:

Portrayal in the media

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Hvidsten Group Historical Page |url=http://hvidstengruppen.randers.dk/FrontEnd.aspx?id=54671 |website=Randers Municipal Site |accessdate=30 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717075852/http://hvidstengruppen.randers.dk/FrontEnd.aspx?id=54671 |archivedate=17 July 2014 |df= }}
2. ^{{cite news |title= Utrolig mange Arrestationer |trans-title=Incredibly many arrests |url= http://www.illegalpresse.dk/#/paper?paper=70&page=757 |newspaper=De frie Danske |date= 18 March 1944 |page= 10 | accessdate= 24 November 2014 |language=Danish}}
3. ^{{cite news |title= ARRESTEREDE |trans-title=ARRESTED |url= http://www.illegalpresse.dk/articles/show/id/28#/paper?paper=71&page=795 |newspaper=De frie Danske |date= 23 April 1944 |page= 10 | accessdate= 24 November 2014 |quote= Kroejer Marius Fiil med flere fra Hvidsten er blevet overført fra Randers til Vestre |language=Danish}}
4. ^[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=fLg7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109&dq=Hvidsten+Group+Eight++executed&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj76i0u4PcAhVBWsAKHccbBt8Q6AEINDAD#v=onepage&q=Hvidsten%20Group%20Eight%20%20executed&f=false Danish Reactions to German Occupation: History and Historiography], Carsten Holbraad, page 109
5. ^[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=aPq6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA181&dq=Hvidsten+Group+%22june+1944%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiC4NTtu4PcAhWLV8AKHVAWDOwQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Hvidsten%20Group%20%22june%201944%22&f=false Historical Dictionary of Denmark], Alastair H. Thomas, page 181
6. ^{{cite news |title= EN FOLKELIG SKIKKELSE, ET HISTORISK EKSEMPEL PAA JYLLANDS SEJGHED UNDER FREMMEDHEREDØMMET |trans-title=A POPULAR FIGURE, A HISTORICAL EXAMPLE OF JUTLAND'S TOUGHNESS UNDER FOREIGN RULE |url= http://www.illegalpresse.dk/#/paper?paper=74&page=508 |newspaper=De frie Danske |date= 15 July 1944 |page= 7 | accessdate= 24 November 2014 |language=Danish }}
7. ^{{cite news |title= 29. Juni - 8 Frihedskæmpere henrettet |trans-title=29 June - 8 freedom fighters executed |url= http://www.illegalpresse.dk/#/paper?paper=34&page=313 |newspaper= Frit Danmark |date= January 1945 |page= 9 |accessdate= 23 November 2014 |language=Danish}}
8. ^http://www.boghandlereidanmark.dk/index.php?id=967&beskrivelsesnummer=1093&p_mode=beskrivelse&cHash=f31cc3058f9c41f9e108f72d9a18b0b4
9. ^http://modstand.natmus.dk/Person.aspx?65999
10. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.dfi.dk/faktaomfilm/film/en/74686.aspx?id=74686 |title= This life / Hvidsten Gruppen - nogle må dø for at andre kan leve |website= dfi.dk |accessdate= 2016-12-04}}