| 词条 | Hydaspitherium |
| 释义 |
| name = Hydaspitherium | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Miocene}} | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Hydaspitherium | authority = {{Harvnb|Lydekker|1878}} | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = H. megacephalum | synonyms = Hydaspidotherium[1] }}Hydaspitherium is an extinct genus of giraffid artiodactyl.[2] Giraffids are represented in the late Miocene of the Siwaliks by large Sivatheriinae such as Sivatherium, Bramatherium, Helladotherium, and Hydaspitherium. It has been proposed that Hydapitherium is synonymous with Bramatherium. H. megacephalum is restricted to the Dhok Pathan Formation ({{Coord|33.6|72.5|display=inline}}, paleocoordinates {{Coord|30.9|73.9|display=inline}})[3] in northern Pakistan.[4] Four separate species of Hydaspitherium were described more than a century ago, but {{Harvnb|Bhatti|Khan|Akhtar|2012}} concluded that their differences can be explained as sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability: H. birmanicum ({{Harvnb|Pilgrim|1910}}) is based on a single right upper molar. H. grande ({{Harvnb|Lydekker|1878}}) and H. magnum (Pilgrim 1910) are only slightly larger than H. megacephalum and the variation in dentition does not support separate taxa. Bhatti et al. 2012 accepted two species in the Siwaliks: the smaller H. megacephalum and the larger H. grande until more material has been collected.[5] Notes1. ^{{Cite web |title=Genus Hydaspidotherium |publisher=The Taxonomicon |url=http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonName.aspx?id=1201836&tree=0.1 |accessdate=June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000124/http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonName.aspx?id=1201836&tree=0.1 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }} 2. ^{{Paleodb|42699|Hydaspitherium}}. Retrieved June 2013. 3. ^{{Paleodb|collection|13474|Dhok Pathan Stratotype Fauna}}. Retrieved June 2013. 4. ^{{Harvnb|Bhatti|Khan|Akhtar|2012|loc=Introduction}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Bhatti|Khan|Akhtar|2012|p=807}} References{{Refbegin}}
| last1 = Bhatti | first1 = Z. H. | last2 = Khan | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Akhtar | first3 = M. | title = Hydaspitherium (Artiodactyla: Giraffidae) from the Dhok Pathan Formation of the Middle Siwaliks, Pakistan: New Collection |date=June 2012 | journal = Pakistan Journal of Zoology | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 799–808 | url = http://zsp.com.pk/pdf44/799-808%20_23_%20PJZ-514-10%20Revised.pdf | accessdate = June 2013 | oclc = 798111718 | ref = harv}}
| last = Lydekker | first = R. | authorlink = Richard Lydekker | title = Indian tertiary and post-tertiary vertebrate. 3. Crania of ruminants | year = 1878 | journal = Palæontologia Indica | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 88–181 | series = Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. 10 | oclc = 20842760 | ref = harv}}
| last = Pilgrim | first = G. E. | authorlink = Guy Ellcock Pilgrim | title = Notices of new mammalian genera and species from the Tertiaries of India | year = 1910 | journal = Records of the Geological Survey of India | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–71 | ref = harv}}{{Refend}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q5953451}}{{paleo-eventoedungulate-stub}} 4 : Prehistoric giraffes|Prehistoric mammal genera|Extinct mammals of Asia|Miocene even-toed ungulates |
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