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词条 Hydropower in the Mekong River Basin
释义

  1. Existing hydropower infrastructure

  2. Hydropower infrastructure under construction

  3. Planned hydropower infrastructure

  4. Proposed mainstream dams

  5. Environmental impacts

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

The estimated hydropower potential of the lower Mekong Basin (i.e., excluding China) is 30,000 MW,[1][2] while that of the upper Mekong Basin is 28,930 MW.[3] In the lower Mekong, more than 3,235 MW has been realized via facilities built largely over the past ten years, while projects under construction will represent an additional 3,209 MW. An additional 134 projects are planned for the lower Mekong, which will maximize the river's hydropower generating capacity.[4] The single most significant impact—both now and in the future—on the use of water and its management in the Mekong Region is hydropower.[5]

Given current development trends in the region, power demands are expected to rise seven percent per year between 2010 and 2030,[2] yielding a substantial and potentially lucrative energy market. Hydropower is the favoured energy option for the Mekong's riparian countries.[6][7]

The development of the Mekong River Basin is highly controversial[8][9], and is one of the most prominent components in the discussion about the river and its management. This debate occurs in both the academic literature, as well as the media, and is a focus for many activist groups.[10][11][12]

Existing hydropower infrastructure

Table 1: Commissioned dams in the Mekong River Basin (15 MW installed capacity and above)[13]

Project Country River Location Commissioned Installed capacity (MW) Mean Annual Energy (GW) Height (m) Crest length (m) Total storage (million m3) Max reservoir area (km2)
Dachaoshan China}} Mekong 24.024947|N|100.3703|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Dachaoshan Dam}} 2003 1,350 5,500 115 481 890 26.25
Gongguoqiao China}} Mekong 25.585917|N|99.335567|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Gongguoqiao Dam}} 2012 900 4,041 105 356 316 343
Nuozhadu China}} Mekong 22.642128|N|100.436336|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Nuozhadu Dam}} 2014 5,850 23,912 262 608 23,703 320
Jinghong China}} Mekong 22.053206|N|100.766478|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Jinghong Dam}} 2009 1,750 5,570 108 705.5 1,140 510
Manwan China}} Mekong 24.622086|N|100.448544|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Manwan Dam}} 1995 1,570 6,710 132 418 920 415
Xiaowan China}} Mekong 24.7042226|N|100.091255|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Xiaowan Dam}} 2010 4,200 18,990 295 893 14,560 194
Jinfeng China}} Nan La He 21.592026|N|101.225135|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Jinfeng Dam}} 1998 16 64.3 45 19.48
Jinhe China}} Jin He 30.806181|N|97.332926|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Jinhe Dam}} 2004 60 367 34 68.4 4.27
Guoduo China}} Mekong 31.529089|N|97.191279|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Guoduo Dam}} 2015 160 823 93 235.5 83
Laoyinyan China}} Gua Lan Zi He/Shun Dian He 24.469128|N|99.81754|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Laoyinyan Dam}} 1997 16 4.2 1,092
Nanhe 1 China}} Luo Zha He 24.342442|N|100.012183|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Nanhe 1 Dam}} 2009 40 170 56.8 148 11.36
Nanhe 2 China}} Luo Zha He 24.377086|N|100.050098|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Nanhe 2 Dam}} ? 25 100
Luozhahe 1 China}} Luo Zha He 24.505207|N|100.451749|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Luozhahe 1 Dam}} 2016 30 135 59 14.33
Xi'er He 1 China}} Xi'er He 25.578801|N|100.202419|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Xi'er He 1 Dam}} 1979 105 440
Xi'er He 2 China}} Xi'er He 25.561991|N|100.131191|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Xi'er He 2 Dam}} 1987 50 37 122 0.2
Xi'er He 3 China}} Xi'er He 25.558584|N|100.107878|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Xi'er He 3 Dam}} 1988 50 223 21
Xi'er He 4 China}} Xi'er He 25.576262|N|100.065574|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Xi'er He 4 Dam}} 1971 14
XunCun China}} Hei Hui Jiang 25.421835|N|99.993301|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=XunCun Dam}} 1999 78 345 67 165 74
Houay Ho Laos}} Houayho/Xekong 15.059464|N|106.764377|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Houayho Dam}} 1999 152 450 79 3,530 37
Houay Lamphan Laos}} Xekong 15.356153|N|106.501106|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Houay Lamphan Dam}} 2015 88 480 77 74.5 140 9
Nam Beng Laos}} Nam Beng 19.946436|N|101.237563|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Beng Dam}} 2014 36 145 25.5 84.8 3,611 0.7
Nam Khan 2 Laos}} Nam Khan 19.685364|N|102.369791|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Khan 2 Dam}} 2015 130 225 160 405 30.5
Nam Khan 3 Laos}} Nam Khan 19.747016|N|102.222793|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Khan 3 Dam}} 2016 88 480 77 74.5 140 9
Nam Leuk Laos}} Nam Leuk/Nam Ngum 18.437406|N|102.94675|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Leuk Dam}} 2000 60 215 51.5 800 185 17.2
Nam Lik 1-2 Laos}} Nam Lik 18.793782|N|102.116714|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Lik 1-2 Dam}} 2010 100 435 103 328 11 24.4
Nam Mang 1 Laos}} Nam Mang 18.53423|N|103.196286|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Mang 1 Dam}} 2016 64 225 70 280 16.5 0.148
Nam Mang 3 Laos}} Nam Gnogn 18.349383|N|102.765244|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Mang 3 Dam}} 2004 40 150 28 151 49 10
Nam Ngiep 2 Laos}} Nam Ngiep 19.299877|N|103.352263|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngiep 2 Dam}} 2015 180 732
Nam Ngiep 3A Laos}} Nam Ngiep 19.243546|N|103.283913|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngiep 3A Dam}} 2014 44 152 1.8
Nam Ngum 1 Laos}} Nam Ngum 18.531068|N|102.547577|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngum 1 Dam}} 1971 148.7 1,006 75 468 4,700 370
Nam Ngum 2 Laos}} Nam Ngum 18.755374|N|102.776476|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngum 2 Dam}} 2011 615 2,300 182 421 3,590 122.2
Nam Ngum 5 Laos}} Nam Ngum 19.356095|N|102.621196|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngum 5 Dam}} 2012 120 507 99 235 314 15
Nam Theun 2 Laos}} Nam Theun/Xe Bangfai 17.997353|N|104.952306|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Theun 2 Dam}} 2010 1,075 5,936 48 325 3,500 450
Nam Ou 2 Laos}} Nam Ou 20.411698|N|102.472817|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 2 Dam}} 2016 120 546 49 352 121.7 15.7
Nam Ou 5 Laos}} Nam Ou 21.411349|N|102.344263|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 5 Dam}} 2016 240 1,049 74 335 17.22
Nam Ou 6 Laos}} Nam Ou 21.411349|N|102.344263|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 6 Dam}} 2016 180 739 88 409 17.01
Theun-Hinboun Laos}} Nam Theun 18.261005|N|104.562525|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Theun-Hinboun Hydropower Plant}} 1998 220 1,645 48 810 1,300 49
Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project Laos}} Nam Gnouang 18.297248|N|104.636171|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project}} 2013 222 1,395 65 480 2,450 49
Xe Kaman 3 Laos}} Xe Kaman 15.425194|N|107.362611|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xe Kaman 3 Dam}} 2014 250 1,000 102 543 141.5 5.2
Xeset 1 Laos}} Xeset 15.49200|N|106.27867|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xeset 1 Dam}} 1994 45 154 18 124
Xeset 2 Laos}} Xeset 15.403775|N|106.280332|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xeset 1 Dam}} 2009 76 309 26 144
A Luoi Vietnam}} A Sap 16.197619|N|107.161897|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=A Luoi Dam}} 2012 170 686 49.5 208
Buon Kuop Vietnam}} Sre Pok 12.52504|N|107.925762|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Buon Kop Dam}} 2009 280 1,455 47
Buon Tua Sra Vietnam}} Se San/Krong Po Ko 12.282116|N|108.041299|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Buon Tua Srah Dam}} 2009 86 359 41
Dray Hlinh 2 Vietnam}} Sre Pok 12.6757|N|107.903978|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Dray Hinh 2 Dam}} 2007 16 85
Plei Krong Vietnam}} Se San/Krong Po Ko 14.408227|N|107.862991|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Plei Krong Dam}} 2008 100 479 65 745 1,049 53
Sesan 3 Vietnam}} Sesan 14.215816|N|107.722061|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Sesan 3 Dam}} 2006 260 1,224 79 6.4
Sesan 3A Vietnam}} Sesan 14|12|55.13|N|107|43|20.15|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Sesan 3A Dam}} 2007 96
Sesan 4 Vietnam}} Sesan 14|6|23.02|N|107|39|28.08|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Sesan 4 Dam}} 2009 360 60 54
Sre Pok 3 Vietnam}} Sre Pok 12|45|2.78|N|107|52|34.32|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Sre Pok 3 Dam}} 2009 220 52.5
Yali Falls Vietnam}} Sesan 14|13|38.93|N|107|49|46.55|E|type:waterbody_region:VN|name=Yali Falls Dam}} 2001 720 65 1,460 1,037 64.5
Chulabhorn Thailand}} Nam Phrom 16.536267|N|101.650036|E|type:waterbody_region:TH|name=Chulabhorn Dam}} 1972 40 93 70 700 165 31
Pak Mun Thailand}} Mun 15.2818942|N|105.468058|E|type:waterbody_region:TH|name=Pak Mun Dam}} 1994 136 280 17 300
Sirindhorn Thailand}} Lam Dom Noi 15.206339|N|105.429156|E|type:waterbody_region:TH|name=Siridhorn Dam}} 1971 36 86 42 940 1,967 288
Ubol Ratana Thailand}} Nam Pong 16.775394|N|102.618325|E|type:waterbody_region:TH|name=Ubol Ratana Dam}} 1966 25.2 57 35.1 885 2,559 410
Lam Ta Khong Thailand}} Lam Ta Khong14.865175|N|101.560303|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Lam Ta Khong Dam}} 1974 500 400 40.3 251 310 37

Hydropower infrastructure under construction

{{outdated|date=August 2018}}

Table 2: Hydropower dams under construction in the Mekong River Basin (15 MW installed capacity and above)[13]

Project Country River Location Expected Commissioning Year Installed capacity (MW) Mean Annual Energy (GW) Height (m) Crest length (m) Total storage (million m3) Max reservoir area (km2)
Dahuaqiao China}} Mekong 26.308096|N|99.139288|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Dahuaqiao Dam}} 2018 920 4,070 106 231.5 293
Huangdeng China}} Mekong 26.548199|N|99.112669|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Huangdeng Dam}} 2018 1,900 8,578 203 457 1,613
Lidi China}} Mekong 27.848016|N|99.030555|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Lidi Dam}} 2019 420 1,753 75 346.4 75 3.7
Luozhahe 2 China}} Luo Zha He 24.486867|N|100.402128|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Luozhahe 2 Dam}}date=July 2018}} 50 225 71 3,391
Miaowei China}} Mekong 25.854121|N|99.163155|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Miaowei Dam}}date=July 2018}}[14] 1,400 5,999 140 660
Wunonglong China}} Mekong 27.932554|N|98.9333|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Wunonglong Dam}} 2019 990 4,116 138 247 284
Ganlanba China}} Mekong 21.843867|N|100.937917|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Ganlanba Dam}}date=July 2018}}[15] 155 1,177 60.5 458 577 58
Don Sahong Laos}} Mekong 13.956223|N|105.964247|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Don Sahong Dam}} 2019 256 2,000 25 6,800 25 2.2
Houay Por Laos}} Houay Pore 15.545605|N|106.256763|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Houay Por Dam}}date=July 2018}} 15 60 6 0.76
Nam Bi 1 Laos}} Nam Bi 15.23565|N|107.515959|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Bi 1 Dam}} 2021 50 210 25 84 3 0.0273
Nam Bi 2 Laos}} Nam Bi 15.212256|N|107.540761|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Bi 2 Dam}} 2021 68 288.5 47.5 182.5 10 0.64
Nam Chian 1 Laos}} Nam Ngiep 19.145395|N|103.557259|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Chian 1 Dam}}date=July 2018}} 104 448 69 367
Nam Kong 2 Laos}} Nam Kong 14.494672|N|106.856669|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Kong Dam 2}} 2021 66 264 50 210 71.4 4.2
Nam Kong 3 Laos}} Nam Kong 14.566338|N|106.912551|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Kong 3 Dam}}date=July 2018}} 45 170 50.5
Nam Ngiep 1 Laos}} Nam Ngiep 18.6458578|N|103.5516582|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngiep 1 Dam}} 2019 272 1,546 167 530 1,192 67
Nam Ngiep 2C Laos}} Nam Ngiep 19.21347|N|103.357806|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngiep 2C Dam}} 2020 45 230
Nam Ngiep (Downstream) Laos}} Nam Ngiep 18.64747|N|103.516607|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngiep (Downstream) Dam}} 2019 18 105 20 90 4.6 1.27
Nam Ngum 1 Extension Laos}} Nam Ngum 18.527772|N|102.530765|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ngum Extension Dam}}date=July 2018}} 120
Nam Ou 1 Laos}} Nam Ou 20.0883|N|102.265379|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 1 Dam}} 2020 160 710 65 442 89.1 9.56
Nam Ou 3 Laos}} Nam Ou 20.695251|N|102.665404|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 2 Dam}} 2020 150 685 72 340 168.6 13.26
Nam Ou 4 Laos}} Nam Ou 21.120153|N|102.494173|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 4 Dam}} 2020 116 524 47 300 124 9.37
Nam Ou 7 Laos}} Nam Ou 22.07779|N|102.264436|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Ou 7 Dam}} 2020 190 811 147 825 1,494 38.16
Nam Pha Gnai Laos}} Nam Pha Gnai 19.013318|N|102.264436|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Pha Gnai Dam}}date=July 2018}} 19.2 130 1.5
Nam San 3A Laos}} Nam San 19.129054|N|103.663052|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam San 3A Dam}}date=July 2018}} 69 278.4 75 350 123 8.5
Nam Tha 1 Laos}} Nam Tha 20.249467|N|100.892433|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Nam Tha 1 Dam}} 2018 168 759.4 93.7 349.2 1,755
Xayaburi Laos}} Mekong 19.254006|N|101.813699|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xayaburi Dam}} 2019 1,285 6,035 48 810 1,300 49
Xekaman-Sanxay Laos}} Xe Kaman 14.890823|N|107.119451|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xekaman-Sanxay Dam}}date=July 2018}} 32 123 28 180
Xepian-Xenamnoy Laos}} Xepian/Xenamnoy 14.946382|N|106.627369|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xepian-Xenamnoy Dam}} 2018 410 1,880 75.5 1,778 1,092 50
Xeset 3 Laos}} Xe Don 15.342113|N|106.31115|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Xeset 3 Dam}} 2020 20 74
Battambang 1 Cambodia}} Sangker 12.804805|N|102.912094|E|type:waterbody_region:KHM|name=Battambang 1 Dam}}date=July 2018}} 24 123 49.5 4,200
Lower Sesan 2 Cambodia}} Sesan 13.551408|N|106.263841|E|type:waterbody_region:KHM|name=Lower Sesan 2 Dam}} 2018 400 2,312 45 7,729 1,790 335

Planned hydropower infrastructure

{{outdated|date=August 2018}}

The CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems, which monitors dams development in the Mekong Region, distinguishes between 'planned' dams - those for which bureaucratic processes to license, or enable the dam to be constructed (for example, feasibility studies, concession agreements, environmental impact assessments, power purchase agreements and other government authorisations); and those dams that have been suggested, but for which these processes have not commenced.

Table 3: Planned and Proposed Hydropower dams in the Mekong River Basin (15 MW installed capacity and above)[13]

Country No. Planned dams No. Proposed dams
Cambodia 12 0
China 11 2
Laos 43 20
Myanmar 7 0
Thailand 7 0
Vietnam 1 1
Totals 74 23

Proposed mainstream dams

{{outdated|date=August 2018}}

Table 4: Dams on the Mekong Mainstream[13]

Project Country Location Expected Commissioning Year Installed capacity (MW) Mean Annual Energy (GW) Height (m) Crest length (m) Total storage (million m3) Max reservoir area (km2)
Ban Kum Laos}}15.417881|N|105.587364|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Ban Kum Dam}} 2030 1,872 8,434 53 780 132.5
Dongzhong China}}31.872777|N|96.99|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Dongzhong Dam}} Proposed. COD Unknown. 108 41.2
Gushui China}}28.608683|N|98.746133|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Gushui Dam}} COD Unknown. 2,600 8,337 310 540 3,912
Guxue China}}29.18295|N|98.6067|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Guxue Dam}} Planned. COD Unknown. 1,700 7,816 229 599 7,752
Kagong China}}30.622567|N|97.444417|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Kagong Dam}} Planned. COD Unknown. 240 1,264 97 237 81.4
Latsua Laos}}15.33146|N|105.582803|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Latsua Dam}} 2023 800 3,504 22 1,300 13
Lin Chang China}}31.1804|N|97.1852|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Lin Chang Dam}} Planned. COD Unknown. 72 362 38 9
Luangprabang Laos}}20.06663|N|102.192339|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Luangprabang}} 2030 1,200 6,500 57.5 318 1,589.5 72.4
Pak Beng Laos}}19.843927|N|101.016502|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Pak Beng Dam}} 2022 912 4,846 85 943 87
Pak Lay Laos}}18.327581|N|101.530575|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Pak Lay Dam}} 2030 1,320 4,252 35 630 108
Ru Mei China}}29.649933|N|98.3477|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Ru Mei Dam}} Planned. COD Unknown. 2,100 10,582 315 724 3,602
Sambor Cambodia}}12.786849|N|105.938582|E|type:waterbody_region:KHM|name=Sambor Dam}}date=July 2018}} 2,600 11,749 56 18,002 3,794 620
Sanakham Laos}}17.829183|N|101.556969|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Sanakham Dam}} 2024 700 5,015 25 1,144 81
Santhong-Pakchom Laos}}18.201038|N|102.050588|E|type:waterbody_region:LA|name=Santhong-Pakchom Dam}} Planned. COD Unknown. 1,079 5,052 55 1,200 80.3
Stung Treng Cambodia}}13.302404|N|105.245516|E|type:waterbody_region:KHM|name=Stung Treng Dam}} Planned. COD unknown. 980 4,870 22 10,884 70 (active) 211
Yue Long China}}30.868008|N|97.347124|E|type:waterbody_region:CN|name=Yue Long Dam}} Planned. COD Unknown. 129 644 60.7 377

COD = Commercial Operating Date.

Environmental impacts

A study by the Mekong River Commission (MRC) presented at the Third MRC International Conference in March 2018, concluded that hydropower development on the Mekong River will aggravate food insecurity and poverty in the region. The report forecasts that Thailand is expected to suffer the most economically and ecologically. According to the report, full scale dam development will decrease GDP growth for lower Mekong basin countries by US$29 billion. Thailand would have the greatest economic loss, as much as US$11 billion. Laos and Cambodia would each face losses of US$9 billion in GDP growth. Native fish stocks would be particularly hard hit: more than 900,000 tonnes of fish biomass, worth US$4.3 billion, would disappear by 2040 from the Mekong as a result of dams. Thailand would have the highest rate of fish loss, 55 percent, followed by Laos, 50 percent; Cambodia, 35 percent; and Vietnam, 30 percent. The creation of reservoirs would result in many parts of the Mekong becoming a lake ecosystem, unsuitable for many native aquatic species of the river environment and will eventually drive them to extinction. A Lao government executive dismissed the research findings as "just an estimation". He insisted that hydropower dams were crucial to solving poverty and that they would provide large economic benefits to the entire region.[16][17]

See also

  • Mekong
  • Mekong Delta
  • Stung Sen River
  • Se San River
  • Tonle Sap
  • Nam Ngum Dam
  • International Rivers
  • Mekong River Commission
  • Yali Falls Dam
  • Greater Mekong Sub-region Academic and Research Network
  • GMS Environment Operations Center

References

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2. ^1 {{cite web |author=Mekong River Commission |year=2010 |title=State of the Basin Report, 2010 |publisher=MRC, Vientiane, Laos |url=http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/basin-reports/MRC-SOB-report-2010full-report.pdf |format=PDF}}
3. ^{{cite book |author1=J. Dore |author2=Y. Xiaogang |author3=K. Yuk-shing |year=2007 |chapter=China's energy reforms and hydropower expansion in Yunnan |editor1=L. Lebel |editor2=J. Dore |editor3=R. Daniel |editor4=Y.S. Koma |title=Democratizing Water Governance in the Mekong Region |location=Chiang Mai |publisher=Silkworm Books |pages=55–92 |isbn=9749511255}}
4. ^{{cite web |author=Mekong River Commission |year=2005 |title=Overview of the Hydrology of the Mekong Basin |publisher=MRC, Vientiane, Laos |url=http://www.mekonginfo.org/assets/midocs/0001968-inland-waters-overview-of-the-hydrology-of-the-mekong-basin.pdf |format=PDF}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mekong.waterandfood.org |title=CPWF Mekong |author=CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food |accessdate=May 19, 2012 }}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/dams-12122013143125.html|title=Cambodian Villagers Petition Chinese Embassy to Scrap Dam Projects|website=Radio Free Asia|language=en|access-date=2017-09-09}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/mekong-dams/nijhuis-text|title=Harnessing the Mekong or Killing It?|last=Nijhuis|first=Michelle|work=National Geographic|access-date=2017-09-09}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/thousands-call-for-regional-governments-to-save-the-mekong-3790|title=Thousands Call for Regional Governments to Save the Mekong|website=International Rivers|access-date=2017-09-09}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/dam-09092014195810.html|title=Neighbors on Alert as China Releases Deluge of Water from Mekong Dam|website=Radio Free Asia|language=en|access-date=2017-09-09}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/08/26/546036670/i-will-lose-my-identity-cambodian-villagers-face-displacement-by-mekong-dam|title='I Will Lose My Identity': Cambodian Villagers Face Displacement By Mekong Dam|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-09-09|language=en}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/a-dangerous-trajectory-for-the-mekong-river-16502|title=A Dangerous Trajectory for the Mekong River|website=International Rivers|access-date=2017-09-09}}
12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Yeophantong|first1=Pichamon|title=China’s Lancang Dam Cascade and Transnational Activism in the Mekong Region: Who’s Got the Power?|journal=Asian Survey|volume=54|issue=4|pages=700–24|doi=10.1525/as.2014.54.4.700}}
13. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=WLE, 2016. Dataset on the Dams of the Irrawaddy, Mekong, Red and Salween River Basins. Vientiane, Lao PDR: CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems - Greater Mekong.|url=https://wle-mekong.cgiar.org/maps/|publisher=CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (Greater Mekong)|accessdate=2018-04-04}}
14. ^https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-11-01/a-waterfight-like-no-other-may-be-brewing-over-asia-s-rivers
15. ^https://www.internationalrivers.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/mekong_mainstream_damsupdate_2017_english.pdf
16. ^{{cite news|last1=Rujivanarom|first1=Pratch|title=Mekong River dams 'will harm food security'|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/national/30342399|accessdate=10 April 2018|work=The Nation|date=4 April 2018}}
17. ^{{cite news|last1=Boyle|first1=David|last2=Narin|first2=Sun|title=Mekong Leaders Mostly Mum on Risks Tied to Intense Damming|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/mekong-leaders-mostly-mum-risks-tied-to-intense-damming/4334134.html|accessdate=10 April 2018|work=VOA|date=5 April 2018}}

External links

{{GeoGroupTemplate}}{{commons category|Mekong}}
  • 3S Rivers Protection Network
  • Australian Mekong Resource Centre
  • Cambodia National Mekong Committee
  • Department of Energy Business (DEB), Ministry of Energy and Mines (Lao PDR)
  • Department of Water Resources (Thailand)
  • Electricité du Laos
  • Electricity Authority of Cambodia
  • Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
  • Fisheries Action Coalition Team (Cambodia)
  • GMS Academic and Research Network
  • Greater Mekong Sub-region
  • Greater Mekong Subregion Environment Operations Center
  • Greater Mekong Sub-region Social Studies Center -
  • International Rivers
  • Lao National Mekong Committee
  • Living River Siam
  • Mekong Basin Research Network
  • Mekong Environment and Resource Institute
  • MekongInfo
  • Mekong Institute
  • Mekong Program on Water, Environment and Resilience
  • Mekong River Commission
  • Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme
  • Theun-Hinboun Power Company
  • Nam Theun 2
  • Probe International
  • Save the Mekong Campaign
  • Stimson Institute Mekong Policy Project
  • Sustainable Mekong Research Network (SUMERNET)
  • TERRA
  • Thailand National Mekong Committee
  • Vietnam Electricity
  • Vietnam National Mekong Committee
  • WWF Greater Mekong Programme
{{Dams on Mekong River Basin}}

3 : Mekong River|Hydropower|Greater Mekong Subregion
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