“John Wesley”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

John Wesley ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɛ|s|l|i}};^[1] {{OldStyleDate|28 June|1703|17 June}}{{spaced ndash}}2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian and evangelist who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to present.

Educated at Charterhouse School and Christ Church, Oxford, Wesley was elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford in 1726 and ordained as an Anglican priest two years later. He led the "Holy Club", a society formed for the purpose of study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life; it had been founded by his brother, Charles, and counted George Whitefield among its members. After an unsuccessful ministry of two years at Savannah in the Georgia Colony, Wesley returned to London and joined a religious society led by Moravian Christians. On 24 May 1738 he experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his "heart strangely warmed". He subsequently left the Moravians, beginning his own ministry.

A key step in the development of Wesley's ministry was, like Whitefield, to travel and preach outdoors. In contrast to Whitefield's Calvinism, Wesley embraced Arminian doctrines. Moving across Great Britain and Ireland, he helped form and organise small Christian groups that developed intensive and personal accountability, discipleship and religious instruction; most importantly, he appointed itinerant, unordained evangelists to care for these groups of people. Under Wesley's direction, Methodists became leaders in many social issues of the day, including prison reform and the abolition of slavery.

Although he was not a systematic theologian, Wesley argued for the notion of Christian perfection and against Calvinism—and, in particular, against its doctrine of predestination. He held that, in this life, Christians could achieve a state where the love of God "reigned supreme in their hearts", giving them outward holiness. His evangelicalism, firmly grounded in sacramental theology, maintained that means of grace were the manner by which God sanctifies and transforms the believer, encouraging people to experience Jesus Christ personally. His teachings are collectively known as Wesleyanism.

Throughout his life, Wesley remained within the established Church of England, insisting that the Methodist movement lay well within its tradition.^[2] In his early ministry, Wesley was barred from preaching in many parish churches and the Methodists were persecuted; he later became widely respected and, by the end of his life, had been described as "the best loved man in England".^[3] In 2002, he was placed at number 50 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.^[4]

Early life

John Wesley was born in 1703 in Epworth, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Lincoln, as the fifteenth child of Samuel Wesley and his wife Susanna Wesley (née Annesley).^[5]^[6] Samuel Wesley was a graduate of the University of Oxford and a poet who, from 1696, was rector of Epworth. He married Susanna, the twenty-fifth child of Samuel Annesley, a dissenting minister, in 1689. Ultimately, she bore nineteen children, of which nine lived beyond infancy. She and Samuel Wesley had become members of the Church of England as young adults.^[7]

As in many families at the time, Wesley's parents gave their children their early education. Each child, including the girls, was taught to read as soon as they could walk and talk. They were expected to become proficient in Latin and Greek and to have learned major portions of the New Testament by heart. Susanna Wesley examined each child before the midday meal and before evening prayers. The children were not allowed to eat between meals and were interviewed singly by their mother one evening each week for the purpose of intensive spiritual instruction. In 1714, at age 11, Wesley was sent to the Charterhouse School in London (under the mastership of John King from 1715), where he lived the studious, methodical and, for a while, religious life in which he had been trained at home.^[8]

Apart from his disciplined upbringing, a rectory fire which occurred on 9 February 1708, when Wesley was five years old, left an indelible impression. Some time after 11:00 pm, the rectory roof caught on fire. Sparks falling on the children's beds and cries of "fire" from the street roused the Wesleys who managed to shepherd all their children out of the house except for John who was left stranded on an upper floor.^[9] With stairs aflame and the roof about to collapse, Wesley was lifted out of a window by a parishioner standing on another man's shoulders. Wesley later used the phrase, "a brand plucked out of the fire", quoting Zechariah 3:2, to describe the incident.^[9] This childhood deliverance subsequently became part of the Wesley legend, attesting to his special destiny and extraordinary work.

Education

In June 1720, Wesley entered Christ Church, Oxford. In 1724, he graduated as a Bachelor of Arts and decided to pursue a Master of Arts degree. He was ordained a deacon on 25 September 1725—holy orders being a necessary step toward becoming a fellow and tutor at the university.

In the year of his ordination he read Thomas à Kempis and Jeremy Taylor, showed his interest in mysticism,^[11] and began to seek the religious truths which underlay the great revival of the 18th century. The reading of William Law's Christian Perfection and A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life gave him, he said, a more sublime view of the law of God; and he resolved to keep it, inwardly and outwardly, as sacredly as possible, believing that in obedience he would find salvation.^[10] He pursued a rigidly methodical and abstemious life, studied the Scriptures, and performed his religious duties diligently, depriving himself so that he would have alms to give. He began to seek after holiness of heart and life.^[10]

In March 1726, Wesley was unanimously elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. This carried with it the right to a room at the college and regular salary. While continuing his studies, he taught Greek, lectured on the New Testament and moderated daily disputations at the university. However, a call to ministry intruded upon his academic career. In August 1727, after taking his master's degree, Wesley returned to Epworth. His father had requested his assistance in serving the neighbouring cure of Wroot. Ordained a priest on 22 September 1728, Wesley served as a parish curate for two years. He returned to Oxford in November 1729 at the request of the Rector of Lincoln College and to maintain his status as junior fellow.

Holy Club

During Wesley's absence, his younger brother Charles (1707–88) matriculated at Christ Church. Along with two fellow students, he formed a small club for the purpose of study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life. On Wesley's return, he became the leader of the group which increased somewhat in number and greatly in commitment. The group met daily from six until nine for prayer, psalms, and reading of the Greek New Testament. They prayed every waking hour for several minutes and each day for a special virtue. While the church's prescribed attendance was only three times a year, they took Communion every Sunday. They fasted on Wednesdays and Fridays until three o'clock as was commonly observed in the ancient church.{{cn|date=September 2018}} In 1730, the group began the practice of visiting prisoners in jail. They preached, educated, and relieved jailed debtors whenever possible, and cared for the sick.^[11]

Given the low ebb of spirituality in Oxford at that time, it was not surprising that Wesley's group provoked a negative reaction. They were considered to be religious "enthusiasts", which in the context of the time meant religious fanatics. University wits styled them the "Holy Club", a title of derision. Currents of opposition became a furore following the mental breakdown and death of a group member, William Morgan.^[12] In response to the charge that "rigorous fasting" had hastened his death, Wesley noted that Morgan had left off fasting a year and a half since. In the same letter, which was widely circulated, Wesley referred to the name "Methodist" with which "some of our neighbors are pleased to compliment us."^[13] That name was used by an anonymous author in a published pamphlet (1733) describing Wesley and his group, "The Oxford Methodists".^[14]

For all of his outward piety, Wesley sought to cultivate his inner holiness or at least his sincerity as evidence of being a true Christian. A list of "General Questions" which he developed in 1730 evolved into an elaborate grid by 1734 in which he recorded his daily activities hour-by-hour, resolutions he had broken or kept, and ranked his hourly "temper of devotion" on a scale of 1 to 9. Wesley also regarded the contempt with which he and his group were held to be a mark of a true Christian. As he put it in a letter to his father, "Till he be thus contemned, no man is in a state of salvation."^[15]

Journey to Savannah, Georgia

On 14 October 1735, Wesley and his brother Charles sailed on The Simmonds from Gravesend in Kent for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in the American colonies at the request of James Oglethorpe, who had founded the colony in 1733 on behalf of the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America. Oglethorpe wanted Wesley to be the minister of the newly formed Savannah parish, a new town laid out in accordance with the famous Oglethorpe Plan.^[19]

It was on the voyage to the colonies that the Wesleys first came into contact with Moravian settlers. Wesley was influenced by their deep faith and spirituality rooted in pietism. At one point in the voyage a storm came up and broke the mast off the ship. While the English panicked, the Moravians calmly sang hymns and prayed. This experience led Wesley to believe that the Moravians possessed an inner strength which he lacked.^[16] The deeply personal religion that the Moravian pietists practised heavily influenced Wesley's theology of Methodism.^[17]

Wesley arrived in the colony in February 1736. He approached the Georgia mission as a High churchman, seeing it as an opportunity to revive "primitive Christianity" in a primitive environment. Although his primary goal was to evangelize the Native Americans, a shortage of clergy in the colony largely limited his ministry to European settlers in Savannah. While his ministry has often been judged to have been a failure in comparison to his later success as a leader in the Evangelical Revival, Wesley gathered around him a group of devoted Christians who met in a number of small group religious societies. At the same time, attendance at church services and Communion increased over the course of nearly two years in which he served as Savannah's parish priest.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

Nonetheless, Wesley's High Church ministry was controversial among the colonists and it ended in disappointment after Wesley fell in love with a young woman named Sophia Hopkey. He hesitated to marry her because he felt that his first priority in Georgia was to be a missionary to the Indigenous Americans, and he was interested in the practice of clerical celibacy within the early Christianity.^[18] Following her marriage to William Williamson, Wesley believed Sophia's former zeal for practising the Christian faith declined. In strictly applying the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer, Wesley denied her Communion after she failed to signify to him in advance her intention of taking it. As a result, legal proceedings against him ensued in which a clear resolution seemed unlikely. In December 1737, Wesley fled the colony and returned to England.^[19]

It has been widely recognised that one of the most significant accomplishments of Wesley's Georgia mission was his publication of a Collection of Psalms and Hymns. The Collection was the first Anglican hymnal published in America, and the first of many hymn-books Wesley published. It included five hymns he translated from German.^[20]

Wesley's "Aldersgate experience"

Wesley returned to England depressed and beaten. It was at this point that he turned to the Moravians. Both he and Charles received counsel from the young Moravian missionary Peter Boehler, who was temporarily in England awaiting permission to depart for Georgia himself. Wesley's noted "Aldersgate experience" of 24 May 1738, at a Moravian meeting in Aldersgate Street, London, in which he heard a reading of Martin Luther's preface to the Epistle to the Romans, revolutionised the character and method of his ministry.^[21] The previous week he had been highly impressed by the sermon of John Heylyn, whom he was assisting in the service at St Mary le Strand. Earlier that day, he had heard the choir at St Paul's Cathedral singing Psalm 130, where the Psalmist calls to God "Out of the depths."^[22]

But it was still a depressed Wesley who attended a service on the evening of 24 May. Wesley recounted his Aldersgate experience in his journal:

A few weeks later, Wesley preached a sermon on the doctrine of personal salvation by faith,^[26] which was followed by another, on God's grace "free in all, and free for all."^[27] Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. Burnett writes: "The significance of Wesley's Aldersgate Experience is monumental … Without it the names of Wesley and Methodism would likely be nothing more than obscure footnotes in the pages of church history."^[28] Burnett describes this event Wesley's "Evangelical Conversion".^[29] It is commemorated in Methodist churches as Aldersgate Day.^[30]

After Aldersgate: Working with the Moravians

Wesley allied himself with the Moravian society in Fetter Lane. In 1738 he went to Herrnhut, the Moravian headquarters in Germany, to study.^[31] On his return to England, Wesley drew up rules for the "bands" into which the Fetter Lane Society was divided and published a collection of hymns for them.^[32] He met frequently with this and other religious societies in London but did not preach often in 1738, because most of the parish churches were closed to him.^[33]

Wesley's Oxford friend, the evangelist George Whitefield, was also excluded from the churches of Bristol upon his return from America. Going to the neighbouring village of Kingswood, in February 1739, Whitefield preached in the open air to a company of miners.^[34] Later he preached in Whitefield's Tabernacle. Wesley hesitated to accept Whitefield's call to copy this bold step. Overcoming his scruples, he preached the first time at Whitefield's invitation sermon in the open air, near Bristol, in April 1739. Wesley wrote,

Wesley was unhappy about the idea of field preaching as he believed Anglican liturgy had much to offer in its practice. Earlier in his life he would have thought that such a method of saving souls was "almost a sin."^[36] He recognised the open-air services were successful in reaching men and women who would not enter most churches. From then on he took the opportunities to preach wherever an assembly could be brought together, more than once using his father's tombstone at Epworth as a pulpit.^[37]^[38] Wesley continued for fifty years—entering churches when he was invited, and taking his stand in the fields, in halls, cottages, and chapels, when the churches would not receive him.^[38]

Late in 1739 Wesley broke with the Moravians in London. Wesley had helped them organise the Fetter Lane Society, and those converted by his preaching and that of his brother and Whitefield had become members of their bands. But he believed they fell into heresy by supporting quietism, so he decided to form his own followers into a separate society.^[39] "Thus," he wrote, "without any previous plan, began the Methodist Society in England."^[40] He soon formed similar societies in Bristol and Kingswood, and Wesley and his friends made converts wherever they went.

Persecutions and lay preaching

From 1739 onward, Wesley and the Methodists were persecuted by clergy and magistrates for various reasons.^[41] Though Wesley had been ordained an Anglican priest, many other Methodist leaders had not received ordination. And for his own part, Wesley flouted many regulations of the Church of England concerning parish boundaries and who had authority to preach.^[42] This was seen as a social threat that disregarded institutions. Clergy attacked them in sermons and in print, and at times mobs attacked them. Wesley and his followers continued to work among the neglected and needy. They were denounced as promulgators of strange doctrines, fomenters of religious disturbances; as blind fanatics, leading people astray, claiming miraculous gifts, attacking the clergy of the Church of England, and trying to re-establish Catholicism.^[42]

Wesley felt that the church failed to call sinners to repentance, that many of the clergy were corrupt, and that people were perishing in their sins. He believed he was commissioned by God to bring about revival in the church, and no opposition, persecution, or obstacles could prevail against the divine urgency and authority of this commission. The prejudices of his high-church training, his strict notions of the methods and proprieties of public worship, his views of the apostolic succession and the prerogatives of the priest, even his most cherished convictions, were not allowed to stand in the way.^[43]

Seeing that he and the few clergy co-operating with him could not do the work that needed to be done, Wesley was led, as early as 1739, to approve local preachers. He evaluated and approved men who were not ordained by the Anglican Church to preach and do pastoral work. This expansion of lay preachers was one of the keys of the growth of Methodism.^[44]

Chapels and organisations

As his societies needed houses to worship in, Wesley began to provide chapels, first in Bristol at the New Room,^[45] then in London (first The Foundery and then Wesley's Chapel) and elsewhere. The Foundery was an early chapel used by Wesley.^[46] The location of the Foundery is shown on an 18th-century map, where it rests between Tabernacle Street and Worship Street in the Moorfields area of London. When the Wesleys spotted the building atop Windmill Hill, north of Finsbury Fields, the structure which previously cast brass guns and mortars for the Royal Ordnance had been sitting vacant for 23 years; it had been abandoned because of an explosion on 10 May 1716.^[47]

The Bristol chapel (built in 1739) was at first in the hands of trustees. A large debt was contracted, and Wesley's friends urged him to keep it under his own control, so the deed was cancelled and he became sole trustee.^[48] Following this precedent, all Methodist chapels were committed in trust to him until by a "deed of declaration", all his interests in them were transferred to a body of preachers called the "Legal Hundred".^[49]

When disorder arose among some members of the societies, Wesley adopted giving tickets to members, with their names written by his own hand. These were renewed every three months. Those deemed unworthy did not receive new tickets and dropped out of the society without disturbance. The tickets were regarded as commendatory letters.^[50]

When the debt on a chapel became a burden, it was proposed that one in 12 members should collect offerings regularly from the 11 allotted to him. Out of this grew the Methodist class-meeting system in 1742. To keep the disorderly out of the societies, Wesley established a probationary system. He undertook to visit each society regularly in what became the quarterly visitation, or conference. As the number of societies increased, Wesley could not keep personal contact, so in 1743 he drew up a set of "General Rules" for the "United Societies".^[51] These were the nucleus of the Methodist Discipline, still the basis.

Wesley laid the foundations of what now constitutes the organisation of the Methodist Church. Over time, a shifting pattern of societies, circuits, quarterly meetings, annual Conferences, classes, bands, and select societies took shape.^[51] At the local level, there were numerous societies of different sizes which were grouped into circuits to which travelling preachers were appointed for two-year periods. Circuit officials met quarterly under a senior travelling preacher or "assistant." Conferences with Wesley, travelling preachers and others were convened annually for the purpose of co-ordinating doctrine and discipline for the entire connection. Classes of a dozen or so society members under a leader met weekly for spiritual fellowship and guidance. In early years, there were "bands" of the spiritually gifted who consciously pursued perfection. Those who were regarded to have achieved it were grouped in select societies or bands. In 1744, there were 77 such members. There also was a category of penitents which consisted of backsliders.^[51]

As the number of preachers and preaching-places increased, doctrinal and administrative matters needed to be discussed; so John and Charles Wesley, along with four other clergy and four lay preachers, met for consultation in London in 1744. This was the first Methodist conference; subsequently, the conference (with Wesley as its president) became the ruling body of the Methodist movement.^[52] Two years later, to help preachers work more systematically and societies receive services more regularly, Wesley appointed "helpers" to definitive circuits. Each circuit included at least 30 appointments a month. Believing that the preacher's efficiency was promoted by his being changed from one circuit to another every year or two, Wesley established the "itinerancy" and insisted that his preachers submit to its rules.^[53]

John Wesley had strong links with the North West of England, visiting Manchester on at least fifteen occasions between 1733 and 1790. In 1733 and 1738 he preached at St Ann's Church and Salford Chapel, meeting with his friend John Clayton. In 1781 Wesley opened the Chapel on Oldham Street part of the Manchester and Salford Wesleyan Methodist Mission,^[54] now the site of Manchester's Methodist Central Hall.^[55]

Wesley also has links to the Derbyshire town of Chapel-en-le-frith, where he visited four times between 1740 and 1786. His journal documents his first visit on 28 May 1745 preaching in the hamlet of Chapel Milton where the miller purportedly tried to drown out John with the sound of the watermill. His following visit twenty years later he preached in a field at Townend in Chapel-en-le-frith and by his subsequent visit on 1 April 1782 a chapel had been built. All that remains of the original chapel is an archway inscribed "1780" at the back of the current Townend Methodist Church.^[56]

Following an illness in 1748 John Wesley was nursed by a classleader and housekeeper at an orphan house in Newcastle, Grace Murray. Taken with Grace he invited her to travel with him to Ireland in 1749 where he believed them to be betrothed though they were never married. It has been suggested that his brother Charles Wesley objected to the engagement^[57] though this is disputed. Subsequently, Grace married John Bennett preacher and resident of Chapel-en-le-frith and John's last visit to Chapel-en-le-frith on 3 April 1786 at the age of 86 was at Grace's request. Grace and John Bennet are buried in Chinley Independent Chapel in Chapel Milton.^[56]

Ordination of ministers

As the societies multiplied, they adopted the elements of an ecclesiastical system. The divide between Wesley and the Church of England widened. The question of division from the Church of England was urged by some of his preachers and societies, but most strenuously opposed by his brother Charles. Wesley refused to leave the Church of England, believing that Anglicanism was "with all her blemishes, [...] nearer the Scriptural plans than any other in Europe".^[58] In 1745 Wesley wrote that he would make any concession which his conscience permitted, to live in peace with the clergy. He could not give up the doctrine of an inward and present salvation by faith itself; he would not stop preaching, nor dissolve the societies, nor end preaching by lay members. As a cleric of the established church he had no plans to go further.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

When, in 1746, Wesley read Lord King's account of the primitive church, he became convinced that apostolic succession could be transmitted through not only bishops, but also priests. He wrote that he was "a scriptural episkopos as much as many men in England." Although he believed in apostolic succession, he also once called the idea of uninterrupted succession a "fable".^[59]

Many years later, Edward Stillingfleet's Irenicon led him to decide that ordination (and holy orders) could be valid when performed by a presbyter (priest) rather than a bishop. Nevertheless, some believe that Wesley was secretly consecrated a bishop in 1763 by Erasmus of Arcadia,^[60] and that Wesley could not openly announce his episcopal consecration without incurring the penalty of the Præmunire Act.{{See also|Wesleyanism}}

Wesley continues to be the primary theological influence on Methodists and Methodist-heritage groups the world over; the largest bodies being the United Methodist Church, the Methodist Church of Great Britain and the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Wesleyan teachings also serve as a basis for the holiness movement, which includes denominations like the Wesleyan Church, the Free Methodist Church, the Church of the Nazarene, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Church of God (Anderson, IN), and several smaller groups, and from which Pentecostalism and parts of the Charismatic Movement are offshoots.^[121] Wesley's call to personal and social holiness continues to challenge Christians who attempt to discern what it means to participate in the Kingdom of God. In addition, he refined Arminianism with a strong evangelical emphasis on the Reformed doctrine of justification by faith.

He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on 2 March with his brother Charles. The Wesley brothers are also commemorated on 3 March in the Calendar of Saints of the Episcopal Church and on 24 May in the Anglican calendar.

In 2002, Wesley was listed at number 50 on the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons, drawn from a poll of the British public.^[4]^[122]

Wesley's house and chapel, which he built in 1778 on City Road in London, are still intact today and the chapel has a thriving congregation with regular services as well as the Museum of Methodism in the crypt.

Numerous schools, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are named after Wesley; additionally, many are named after Methodism. In 1831, Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, was the first institution of higher education in the United States to be named after Wesley. The now secular institution was founded as an all-male Methodist college. About 20 unrelated colleges and universities in the United States were subsequently named after him.

Wesley's legacy is also preserved in Kingswood School, which he founded in 1748 to educate the children of the growing number of Methodist preachers. Also, one of the four form houses at the St Marylebone Church of England School, London, is named after John Wesley.

In film

In 1954, the Radio and Film Commission of the British Methodist Church, in co-operation with J. Arthur Rank, produced the film John Wesley. The film was a live-action re-telling of the story of the life of Wesley, with Leonard Sachs in the title role.

In 2009, a more ambitious feature film, Wesley, was released by Foundery Pictures, starring Burgess Jenkins as Wesley, with June Lockhart as Susanna, R. Keith Harris as Charles Wesley, and the Golden Globe winner Kevin McCarthy as Bishop Ryder. The film was directed by the award-winning film-maker John Jackman.^[123]

Works

See also

Footnotes

1. ^{{Citation | first = JC | last = Wells | contribution = Wesley | title = Longman Pronunciation Dictionary | edition = 3rd | place = Harlow, UK | publisher = Pearson | year = 2008 | quote = The founder of Methodism was actually {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɛ|s|l|i}}, though often pronounced as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɛ|z|l|i}}}}.
2. ^{{cite book |title=The Wesleyan Quadrilateral |last=Thorsen |first=Don |year=2005 |publisher=Emeth Press |page=97 |isbn=1-59731-043-3}}
3. ^Lectionary – John and Charles Wesley
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204214727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml/|archivedate=4 December 2002|title=Great Britons 11–100|publisher=BBC via Wayback Machine|accessdate=1 August 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=John Wesley at Epworth |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/humber/content/articles/2007/09/18/john_wesley.shtml |publisher=BBC |accessdate=16 January 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web |title=History of the Wesleys |url=http://www.epworthbells.co.uk/news/local/history-of-the-wesleys-1-538981 |publisher=The Epworth Berlls |accessdate=16 January 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web |last1=Ratcliffe |first1=Richard |title=The Family of JOHN and CHARLES WESLEY |url=http://www.mymethodisthistory.org.uk/page_id__384.aspx |publisher=My Methodist History |accessdate=25 August 2018}}
8. ^{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Paul |title=Was there madness in his Methodism? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4728863/Was-there-madness-in-his-Methodism.html |accessdate=25 August 2018 |work=Telegraph |date=29 September 2002}}
9. ^¹Wallace, Charles Jr (1997) Susanna Wesley : the complete writings, New York : Oxford University Press, p. 67, {{ISBN|0-19-507437-8}}
10. ^¹{{cite web|title=Hendrickson.com – A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life by: William Law – Hendrickson Publishers|url=http://www.hendrickson.com/html/product/563856.trade.html|website=hendrickson.com|accessdate=30 December 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web |last1=Iovino |first1=Joe |title=The method of early Methodism: The Oxford Holy Club |url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/the-method-of-early-methodism-the-oxford-holy-club |publisher=United Methodist Church |accessdate=25 August 2018}}
12. ^{{cite book |last=Tomkins |first=Stephen |title=John Wesley : a biography |year=2003 |publisher=Lion Books |location=Oxford |isbn=0-7459-5078-7 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCH6LoDd-akC&pg=PA37}}
13. ^{{cite web |last=Wesley |first=John |title=The Letters of John Wesley |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1732/ |publisher=The Wesley Center Online |accessdate=21 November 2013}}
14. ^"The Holy Club" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000856/http://www.methodist.org.uk/index.cfm?fuseaction=opentogod.content&cmid=1526 |date=27 September 2011 }} – The Methodist Church in Britain
15. ^{{cite book |title=The Works of the Rev. John Wesley |year=1827 |publisher=J. & J. Harper |page=108}}
16. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.sip.armstrong.edu/Methodism/wesley.html |title=John Wesley and Savannah |last=Ross |first=Kathy W. |last2=Stacey |first2=Rosemary |accessdate=18 September 2007}}
17. ^Armstrong Atlantic State University
18. ^{{citation |url=http://www.umc.org/news-and-media/re-evaluating-john-wesleys-time-in-georgia |title=Re-evaluating John Wesley's time in Georgia |first=Sam |last=Hodges |date=22 July 2014 |publisher=United Methodist Church}}
19. ^{{cite web |title=John Wesley Trial: 1737 – Threats, Flight, And A New Church |url=http://law.jrank.org/pages/2349/John-Wesley-Trial-1737-Threats-Flight-New-Church.html |publisher=Law Library |accessdate=9 December 2015}}
20. ^{{cite book |last1=Hammond |first1=Geordan |title=John Wesley in America: Restoring Primitive Christianity |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=106}}
21. ^{{cite book |title=John Wesley the Methodist |last=Hurst |first=J. F. |pages=102–103 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=0-7661-5446-7}}
22. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/wesley/journal.vi.ii.xv.html |title=Wesley's Journal |website= }}
23. ^{{cite book |title=The Genesis of Methodism |last=Dreyer |first=Frederick A. |page=27 |isbn=0-934223-56-4 |year=1999 |publisher=Lehigh University Press}}
24. ^John Wesley's Heart Strangely Warmed, www.christianity.com
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://wesleyanleadership.com/2013/05/24/i-felt-i-did-trust-in-christ-christ-alone-for-salvation/ |title=I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for salvation |date=24 May 2013 |accessdate=18 May 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519060506/http://wesleyanleadership.com/2013/05/24/i-felt-i-did-trust-in-christ-christ-alone-for-salvation/ |archivedate=19 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }}
26. ^{{Cite web |title=The Wesley Center Online: Sermon 1 – Salvation By Faith |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-sermons-of-john-wesley-1872-edition/sermon-1-salvation-by-faith/ |website=wesley.nnu.edu |accessdate=5 October 2015}}
27. ^{{Cite web |title=The Wesley Center Online: Sermon 128 – Free Grace |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-sermons-of-john-wesley-1872-edition/sermon-128-free-grace/ |website=wesley.nnu.edu |accessdate=5 October 2015}}
28. ^{{cite book |last1=Burnett |first1=Daniel L. |title=In the Shadow of Aldersgate: An Introduction to the Heritage and Faith of the Wesleyan Tradition |date=2006 |publisher=Wipf and Stock |isbn=978-1-59752-573-2 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZdLAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=The+significance+of+Wesley%E2%80%99s+Aldersgate+Experience+is+monumental.+It+is+the+pivotal+point+in+his+life+and+the+Methodist+movement.+Without+it+the+names+of+Wesley+and+Methodism+would+likely+be+nothing+more+than+obscure+footnotes+in+the+pages+of+church+history&source=bl&ots=ZY8Gtha-n3&sig=hMUYAJCutLiA3ZRBC6RvomKMQaU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvt86yuM_JAhVIEZAKHb5zCC8Q6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=The%20significance%20of%20Wesley%E2%80%99s%20Aldersgate%20Experience%20is%20monumental.%20It%20is%20the%20pivotal%20point%20in%20his%20life%20and%20the%20Methodist%20movement.%20Without%20it%20the%20names%20of%20Wesley%20and%20Methodism%20would%20likely%20be%20nothing%20more%20than%20obscure%20footnotes%20in%20the%20pages%20of%20church%20history&f=false}}
29. ^{{cite book |title=In the Shadow of Aldersgate: An Introduction to the Heritage and Faith of the Wesleyan Tradition |first=Daniel L. |last=Burnett |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |date=15 March 2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1597525731 |pages=36–37 |accessdate=18 May 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web |title=What is Aldersgate Day? |url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/what-is-aldersgate-day |website=umc.org |publisher=The United Methodist Church |accessdate=21 May 2016}}
31. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dose|first1=Kai|title=A Note on John Wesley's Visit to Herrnhut in 1738|journal=Wesley and Methodist Studies|year=2015|volume=7|issue=1|pages=117–120|doi=10.5325/weslmethstud.7.1.0117|jstor=10.5325/weslmethstud.7.1.0117}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Wesley's Rules for Band-Societies|url=http://housechurch.org/miscellaneous/wesley_band-societies.html|publisher=House Church|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=1738 John & Charles Wesley Experience Conversions|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-28/1738-john-charles-wesley-experience-conversions.html|publisher=Christianity Today|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=A brief history and the structure of Methodism|url=http://www.lamc.org.uk/wesleycottage/meth_history.htm|publisher=Launceston Area Methodist Churches|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
35. ^{{cite book |last=Buckley |first=James Monroe |title=A History of Methodism in the United States, |year=1898 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |location=New York |pages=88–89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDVKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA88 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}
36. ^{{cite book |title=John Wesley: A Biography |last=Tomkins |first=Stephen |publisher=Eerdmans |year=2003 |page=69 |isbn=978-0-8028-2499-8}}
37. ^{{cite web |title=Methodist Church |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/methodist_1.shtml |publisher=BBC |accessdate=13 December 2015}}
38. ^¹{{cite web|title=John Wesley Preaching from His Father's Tomb at Epworth|url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/john-wesley-preaching-from-his-fathers-tomb-at-epworth-80581|publisher=Art UK|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
39. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=James-Michael|title=Wesley's Doctrine of Christian Perfection|url=http://jmsmith.org/downloads/Wesleys-Doctrine-of-Christian-Perfection.pdf|publisher=Smith|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
40. ^{{cite book|last1=Oden|first1=Thomas C.|title=John Wesley's Teachings, Volume 3: Pastoral Theology|date=2013|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-58713-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OFcTR-mb0AEC&pg=PT362&lpg=PT362&dq=John+Wesley+without+any+previous+plan,+began+the+Methodist+Society+in+England&source=bl&ots=fpoeQRKfQ_&sig=BkcHWF21lDF-OXYReKLEOSNQwbI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiikob0mZ7PAhXLChoKHbo_BS0Q6AEINjAE#v=onepage&q=John%20Wesley%20without%20any%20previous%20plan%2C%20began%20the%20Methodist%20Society%20in%20England&f=false}}
41. ^{{cite web |last1=Tooley |first1=Mark |title=John Wesley and Religious Freedom |url=http://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2014/03/john-wesley-and-religious-freedom |publisher=First Things |accessdate=13 December 2015}}
42. ^¹{{cite web |last1=Lane |first1=Mark H. |title=John Wesley Receives the Holy Spirit at Aldersgate |url=https://biblenumbers.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/1738-ad.pdf |publisher=Bible Numbers for Life |accessdate=13 December 2015}}
43. ^{{cite book |last1=Bowen |first1=William Abraham |title=Why Two Episcopal Methodist Churches in the United States?: A Brief History Answering this Question for the Benefit of Epworth Leaguers and Other Young Methodists |date=1901 |publisher=Publishing house of the M.E. church}}
44. ^{{cite book |last1=Burdon |first1=Adrian |title=Authority and order: John Wesley and his preachers |date=2005 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-0-7546-5454-4 |page=23}}
45. ^{{cite web |title=New Room Archives |url=http://www.newroombristol.org.uk/?venue=new-room |publisher=The New Room Bristol, John Wesley’s Chapel |accessdate=20 July 2018}}
46. ^{{cite web|title=John Wesley's Foundry Church|url=https://www.francisasburytriptych.com/john-wesleys-foundry-church/|publisher=Asbury Triptych|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
47. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=rncDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=minutes+of+proceedings+of+the+royal+artillery+institution&source=bl&ots=A2Ut46HjsC&sig=2mSeZ9Qfoc8AmyNDVge7YUv5rgc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=91QvVITLI8KuogTB3YGgBA&sqi=2&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=minutes%20of%20proceedings%20of%20the%20royal%20artillery%20institution&f=false Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution]
48. ^{{cite web|title=Wesley's Property Deed for Bath|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/whs/44-2.pdf|publisher=Biblical Studies|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
49. ^{{cite web|title=Chapter XVIII – Setting His House in Order|url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/john-wesley-the-methodist/chapter-xviii-setting-his-house-in-order/|publisher=Wesley Centre Online|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Methodist Class Tickets|url=http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/whs/01-5.pdf|publisher=Biblical Studies|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
51. ^¹²{{cite web |title=Chapter IX – Society and Class |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/john-wesley-the-methodist/chapter-ix-society-and-class/ |work=John Wesley the Methodist |publisher=Wesley Center for Applied Theology |accessdate=17 January 2014 |year=1999}}
52. ^{{cite web|last1=Graves|first1=Dan|title=1st Methodist Conference Convened in London|url=http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1701-1800/1st-methodist-conference-convened-in-london-11630245.html|publisher=Christianity|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
53. ^{{cite web|last1=Spiak|first1=Jody|title=The Itinerant System: The Method(ists) Behind the Madness|url=http://mm-umc.com/United_Methodist_Church_of_Milton_Marlboro/Pastor_Jodys_Blog/Entries/2011/1/24_Im_baaaaaack._files/Itinerant%20system%20research.pdf|publisher=UMC of Milton-Marlboro|accessdate=20 September 2016}}
54. ^{{cite book|last1=Hindle|first1=Gordon Bradley|title=Provision for the Relief of the Poor in Manchester, 1754–1826|date=1975|publisher=Manchester University Press for the Chetham Society|location=Manchester|isbn=0 7190 1166 3|pages=78–79|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KOC8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA79|accessdate=17 January 2018}}
55. ^{{cite web|title=Stevenson Square Conservation Area: History|url=http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/511/conservation_areas/1208/stevenson_square_conservation_area/2|website=Manchester City Council|publisher=Manchester City Council|accessdate=17 January 2018}}
56. ^¹{{cite book|last1=William Braylesford|first1=Bunting|title=Chapel-en-le-Frith – Its History and its People|date=1940|publisher=Sherratt & Hughes|location=Manchester|pages=277–278|edition=1st|url=http://textarchive.ru/c-1537145-pall.html|accessdate=17 January 2018}}
57. ^{{cite book|last1=Kenneth J|first1=Collins|title=John Wesley A Theological Journey|date=2003|publisher=Abingdon Press|location=Nashville Tennessee|isbn=0-687-02788-8|edition=2003|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P4yJfG4iqSAC&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=newcastle+ireland+Wesley+Grace+Nursed+Marry&source=bl&ots=nXRAA-P7g2&sig=opiIx8dMYc4b9bzC1dXlpaTua0k&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiA4c37v9_YAhUZOsAKHUX9DA8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=newcastle%20ireland%20Wesley%20Grace%20Nursed%20Marry&f=false|accessdate=17 January 2018}}
58. ^Thorsen 2005, p. 97.
59. ^H. W. Holden: John Wesley in company with high churchmen, Read Books, 1870, {{ISBN|978-1-4086-0661-2}}, pp. 57–59
60. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=STVAAAAAYAAJ&q=erasmus+arcadia+wesley+bishop+dare&dq=erasmus+arcadia+wesley+bishop+dare&cd=18 |title=Wesleyan-Methodist magazine: being a continuation of the Arminian or Methodist magazine first publ. by John Wesley |quote=Mr. Wesley thus became a Bishop, and consecrated Dr. Coke, who united himself with ... who gave it under his own hand that Erasmus was Bishop of Arcadia, ... |publisher=Wesleyan Methodist Magazine |accessdate=31 December 2007 |date=1 January 1836}}
61. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVVIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA145 |title=The historic episcopate: a study of Anglican claims and Methodist orders |quote=Dr. Peters was present at the interview, and went with and introduced Dr. Seabury to Mr. Wesley, who was so far satisfied that he would have been willingly consecrated by him in Mr. Wesley would have signed his letter of orders as bishop, which Mr. Wesley could not do without incurring the penalty of the Præmunire Act. |publisher=Eaton & Mains |accessdate=31 December 2007 |year=1896}}
62. ^Indiana Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church "The Christmas Gift: A New Church"
63. ^{{cite book |title=Letters of John Wesley |quote=I have accordingly appointed Dr. Coke and Mr. Francis Asbury to be joint superintendents over our brethren in North America... |year=1915 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=New York |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgYu6NpqWDEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=letters+of+john+wesley&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYxI__6afNAhUNxGMKHcQjB7AQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=letters%20of%20john%20wesley&f=false |accessdate=14 June 2016}}
64. ^{{cite book |title=A Short History of the Methodists in the United States of America |quote=This was the first time that our superintendents ever gave themselves the title of Bishops in the minutes. They changed the title themselves without the consent of the conference; and at the next conference they asked the preachers if the word Bishop might stand in the minutes; seeing that it was a scripture name, and the meaning of the word Bishop, was the same with that of Superintendent. Some of the preachers opposed the alteration... but a majority of the preachers agreed to let the word Bishop remain. |year=1810 |publisher=Magill and Clime |location=Baltimore |page=128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94wuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=lee+history+of+methodism&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwis45fxk6jNAhXGMGMKHfNMCNYQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=lee%20history%20of%20methodism&f=false |accessdate=14 June 2016}}
65. ^{{cite book |title=Letters of John Wesley |quote=How can you, how dare you, suffer yourself to be called Bishop? I shudder, I start at the very thought! Men may call me a knave or a fool, a rascal, a scoundrel, and I am content; but they shall never, by my consent, call me Bishop! For my sake, for God's sake, for Christ's sake, put a full end to this! |year=1915 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=New York |page=280 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgYu6NpqWDEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=letters+of+john+wesley&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYxI__6afNAhUNxGMKHcQjB7AQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=letters%20of%20john%20wesley&f=false |accessdate=14 June 2016}}
66. ^{{cite book |title=Charles Wesley: A Reader |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-802102-5 |page=434 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G2287EU7Ba0C&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434 |editor=John R. Tyson |accessdate=17 January 2014}}
67. ^{{cite web |title=The Letters of John Wesley |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1785b/ |publisher=The Wesley Center Online |accessdate=17 January 2014}}
68. ^¹{{cite web|title=The Wesleyan Quadrilateral {{!}} Methodist Evangelicals Together|url=http://methodistevangelicals.org.uk/resources/wesleyan-quadrilateral|website=methodistevangelicals.org.uk|accessdate=26 December 2016}}
69. ^{{cite web|title=John Wesley (1703–1791). A Man of One Book. Vol. IV. Eighteenth Century. Henry Craik, ed. 1916. English Prose|url=http://www.bartleby.com/209/750.html|website=bartleby.com|accessdate=26 December 2016}}
70. ^United Methodist Church (1984) The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church, 1984, Nashville, TN : United Methodist Publ. House, p. 77, {{ISBN|0-687-03702-6}}.
71. ^{{cite book|last1=McDonald|first1=Calvin|title=From the Coffin to the Cross: A Much Needed Awakening|date=2012|publisher=WestBow Press|isbn=978-1-4497-7791-3|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXdTSyXxk5AC&pg=PT117|accessdate=6 October 2016}}
72. ^{{cite book |last1=Wesley |first1=John|editor1-last=Outler|editor1-first=Albert C. |title=The Works of John Wesley |date=1984 |publisher=Abingdon Press |location=Nashville, TN |volume=1 |page=296}}
73. ^¹{{cite web|title=Wesleyan Heritage Series: Entire Sanctification|url=http://ucmpage.org/sgca/wesley01.htm|website=ucmpage.org|accessdate=6 October 2016}}
74. ^{{cite web|author=K. Steve McCormick |title=Theosis in Chrysostom and Wesley: An Eastern Paradigm of Faith and Love|url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/fileadmin/imported_site/wesleyjournal/1991-wtj-26.pdf|work=Wesleyan Theological Journal|format=PDF|accessdate=28 December 2016|pages=38–103|year=1991}}
75. ^{{cite book |title=The History of the Religious Movement of the Eighteenth Century, called Methodism |volume=I |last=Stevens |first=Abel |authorlink=Abel Stevens |publisher=Carlton & Porter |year=1858 |page=155}}
76. ^W. Wiersbe, Wycliffe Handbook of Preaching and Preachers, Moody Press, 1984, p. 255.
77. ^{{cite book|last1=Gunter|first1=W. Stephen|title=An Annotated Content Index. The Arminian Magazine, Vols. 1–20 (1778–1797)|publisher=Duke Divinity School}}
78. ^Carey, Brycchan. "John Wesley (1703–1791)." The British Abolitionists. Brycchan Carey, 11 July 2008. 5 October 2009.
79. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.brycchancarey.com/Carey_BJRL_2003.pdf |accessdate=21 March 2014 |title=John Wesley's Thoughts Upon Slavery and the Language of the Heart |work=The Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, 85:2–3 |date=Summer–Autumn 2003 |id=269-84}}
80. ^Wesley John, "Thoughts Upon Slavery," John Wesley: Holiness of Heart and Life. Zephan was never present in this situation. Charles Yrigoyen, 1996. 5 October 2009. {{cite web |url=http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/wesley/thoughtsuponslavery.stm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=6 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016083225/http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/wesley/thoughtsuponslavery.stm |archivedate=16 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
81. ^{{cite journal |last1=Yoon |first1=Young Hwi |title=The Spread of Antislavery Sentiment through Proslavery Tracts in the Transatlantic Evangelical Community, 1740s–1770s |journal=Church History |date=June 2012 |volume=81 |issue=2 |page=355 |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=76147121&site=eds-live&scope=site |accessdate=3 July 2016}}
82. ^S. R. Valentine, John Bennet & the Origins of Methodism and the Evangelical revival in England, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, 1997.
83. ^{{Cite journal|last=English|first=John C.|date=October 1994|title='Dear Sister': John Wesley and the Women of Early Methodism|url=|journal=Methodist History|volume=33.1|pages=32|via=}}
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85. ^{{Cite thesis|last=Jensen|first=Carolyn Passig|title=The Spiritual Rhetoric of Early Methodist Women: Susanna Wesley, Sarah Crosby, Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, and Hester Rogers|date=2013|degree=Doctor of Philosophy|publisher=Proquest|url=|doi=}} P. 120.
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88. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/916572471|title=Daughters of the Church: Women and Ministry from New Testament Times to the Present|last=Tucker|first=Ruth A.|date=2010|publisher=Zondervan|others=Liefeld, Walter L.|year=|isbn=9780310877462|location=Grand Rapids, Mich.|pages=241|oclc=916572471}}
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94. ^John Wesley: A Biography, by Edward T. Oakes, Copyright (c) 2004 First Things, (December 2004).
95. ^{{cite book |title=Users and Abusers of Psychiatry: A Critical Look at Psychiatric Practice |last=Johnstone |first=Lucy |page=152 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-21155-7 |year=2000}}
96. ^{{cite book |title=Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought |last=Preece |first=Rod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMnubkF5HjAC&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=%22since+the+time+I+gave+up+flesh%22&source=bl&ots=BVaDKWhBWA&sig=pm-Ip7yX9jcZtJmDWHbhf0-7xTE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0_26U9D_ENaiyAS6rIKAAQ&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22since%20the%20time%20I%20gave%20up%20flesh%22&f=false |publisher=UBC Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7748-5849-6 |page=239 |quote=Thanks be to God, since the time I gave up flesh meals and wine I have been delivered from all physical ills.}}
97. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.umcmission.org/Find-Resources/John-Wesley-Sermons/Sermon-50-The-Use-of-Money |title=The Use of Money by John Wesley |publisher=The United Methodist Church GBGM |accessdate=22 May 2016}}
98. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wesleyheritagefoundation.org/articles/Alcoholism.pdf |format=PDF |title=John Wesley and His Challenge to Alcoholism |publisher=Wesley Heritage Foundation|accessdate= 22 May 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327052812/http://www.wesleyheritagefoundation.org/articles/Alcoholism.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2009}}
99. ^{{cite book |first=John |last=Wesley |title=Sermons of John Wesley |chapter=Sermon 140, On Public Diversions |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-sermons-of-john-wesley-1872-edition/sermon-140-on-public-diversions/ |accessdate=15 November 2013}}
100. ^{{cite book |first=John |last=Wesley |title=The Letters of John Wesley |chapter=To his Mother OXON, January 13, 1735 |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1735/ |accessdate=27 November 2016}}
101. ^{{cite book |first=John |last=Wesley |title=To the Printer of the 'Bristol Gazette'BRISTOL, HORSEFAIR, September 7, 1789. |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1789b/ |accessdate=27 November 2016}}
102. ^Byers, D. 2008. Handel in Ulster Orchestra programme Friday 12 & Saturday 2008. Belfast Waterfront.
103. ^{{cite web|title=Biography of John Wesley|url=http://www.tlogical.net/biojwesley.htm|website=tlogical.net}}
104. ^{{citation |url=https://lupress.cas2.lehigh.edu/content/john-wesley-and-marriage |title=John Wesley and Marriage |first=Bufford W. |last=Coe |publisher=Lehigh University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0934223394}}
105. ^{{cite book |title=One Family Under God: Love, Belonging, and Authority in Early Transatlantic Methodism |first=Anna M. |last=Lawrence |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2011 |isbn=0812204174 |pages=134–136}}
106. ^¹{{cite web |last=Busenitz |first=Nathan |url=http://thecripplegate.com/john-wesleys-failed-marriage/ |title=John Wesley's Failed Marriage |publisher=the Cripplegate |date=28 March 2013 |accessdate=7 July 2014}}
107. ^Global Ministries, The United Methodist Church. Sermons. On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield, page 2. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011170130/http://new.gbgm-umc.org/umhistory/wesley/sermons/53/2/ |date=11 October 2008 }} Retrieved on 20 April 2009.
108. ^{{cite web |work=The Phrase Finder |url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/agree-to-disagree.html |title=Agree to disagree |accessdate=20 April 2009}}
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110. ^Hurst 2003, p. 298.
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113. ^{{cite web|title=History: Social Justice|url=http://www.methodist.org.uk/who-we-are/history/social-justice|publisher=Methodist Church in Britain|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
114. ^{{cite web|title=Doctrine of the Methodist Church|url=http://www.methodist.org.uk/who-we-are/doctrine-of-the-methodist-church|website=methodist.org.uk|publisher=The Methodist Church in Britain|accessdate=6 October 2016}}
115. ^¹{{cite book |title=John and Charles Wesley: Selected Prayers, Hymns, Journal Notes, Sermons, Letters and Treatises |first=John |last=Wesley |editor=Whaling, Frank |location=New Jersey |publisher=Paulist Press |year=1981 |isbn=0809123681 |page=10 |others=Preface by Albert Outler}}
116. ^{{cite book |title=Naked Faith: The Mystical Theology of Phoebe Palmer |first=Elaine A. |last=Heath |location=Cambridge |publisher=James Clarke & Co |year=2010 |isbn=0227903315 |pages=60–61}}
117. ^{{cite journal |last1=Tucker |first1=Karen B. Westerfield |title=John Wesley's Prayer Book Revision: The Text in Context |journal=Methodist History |date=July 1996 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=230–247 |url=http://archives.gcah.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10516/6101/MH-1996-July-Tucker.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=General Commission on Archives and History, United Methodist Church |format=PDF}}
118. ^A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People called Methodists (Abingdon Press, 1779); new edition (30 August 1990), {{ISBN|978-0-687-46218-6}}.
119. ^Jairos Ndlovu Beautiful People of Nations 2007 p374 "He wrote in his book: Desideratum (that is the book: Electricity made Plain and Useful by a Lover of Mankind and of Common Sense), in the first chapter that electricity was ...the general principle of all Motion in the Universe"
120. ^Abelove, H. 1997. John Wesley's plagiarism of Samuel Johnson and its contemporary reception. The Huntington Library Quarterly, 59(1) pp. 73–80
121. ^{{cite book |last1=Dayton |first1=Donald W. |title=Theological Roots of Pentecostalism |date=1987 |publisher=Hendrickson Pub. |location=Peabody, MA |isbn=0-8010-4604-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Theological_Roots_of_Pentecostalism.html?id=pcHYAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=11 June 2015}}
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