| 词条 | Hyspaosines |
| 释义 |
| name = Hyspaosines | title = | image = Hyspaosines.jpg | image_size=300px | caption = Coin of Hyspaosines as King, minted at Charax Spasinu in 129/8 BC | succession = King of Characene | reign = {{circa|141}}-124 BC | predecessor = | successor = Apodakos | dynasty = | father = Sagdodonacus | spouse = Thalassia | birth_date = {{circa|209 BC}} | birth_place = | death_date = 124 BC | death_place = | religion = }}{{Location map | West Asia | width = 300px | float = | border = | caption = Location of Antiochia in Susiana, capital of Characene. | alt = | relief = yes | AlternativeMap = | overlay_image = | label = Antiochia in Susiana | label_size = 75 | position = bottom | background = | mark = | marksize = | link = | lat_deg = 31 | lon_deg = 47.5 }} Hyspaosines (also spelled Aspasine, c. 209 BC - 11th June 124 BC) was an Iranian{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}}{{sfn|Eilers|1983|p=487}} satrap installed by Antiochus IV Epiphanes and later the first King (before 127-124 BC) of Characene (Mesene/Meshun). Hyspaosines is mainly known from coins,[1] but also appears in texts of cuneiform script (in the Babylonian astronomical diaries). Name and backgroundHyspaosines is a Hellenized{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} name of Persian{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} or Bactrian origin{{sfn|Curtis|2007|p=11}}, possibly derived from the Old Iranian vispa-čanah ("who appreciates all [things]").{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=153}} Hyspaosines' father, Sagdodonacus, seemingly had a Bactrian name and was presumably of Bactrian origin himself.{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=153}} He had served the local rulers (frataraka) of Persis, who had been able to reign independently for three decades from Seleucid authority, and even briefly seize the region of Characene.{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=161}} The Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes ({{reign|175|164 BC}}) eventually managed to re-establish Greek authority over Persis and Characene,{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=161}} and appointed his general Noumenios as the governor of Characene.{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=168}} GovernorshipThe capital of Characene, Alexandria, was originally founded by the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great, with the intention of using the town as a leading commercial port for his eastern capital of Babylon.{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} However, the city never lived up to its expectations, and was destroyed in the mid 3rd-century BC by floods.{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} It was not until the reign of Antiochus IV Epiphanes that the city was rebuilt and renamed Antiochia.{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} After the city was fully restored in 166/5 BC, Antiochus IV appointed Hyspaosines as governor (eparch) of Antiochia and its surroundings.{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} During this period Antiochia briefly flourished, until Antiochus IV's abrupt death in 163 BC, which weakened Seleucid authority throughout the empire.{{sfn|Hansman|1991|pp=363–365}} ReignDuring the Parthian Invasion of 141 BC, Hyspaosines declared independence as the east of the Seleucid kingdom fell to the invaders. Two years after the invasion a Babylonian tablet records him with the title king.[2] Hyspaosines conquered parts of south Mesopotamia and of Persia. On 24 June 127 BC he is for the first time called 'king'. An inscription found in Bahrain, then known as Tylos, indicates that he also ruled this island. The inscription mentions his wife, queen Thalassia. She appears in the Babylonian 'astronomical diaries'.[3] According to the 'astronomical diaries', in 124 BC, Hyspaosines became ill and died on June 11.[4] After the death of her husband queen Thalassia tried to install her son, perhaps Apodakos as king. Coins with his name were struck until 121 BC. Coinage from his time were discovered in Kuwait and Qatif in Saudi Arabia.[5] References1. ^Monika Schuol: Die Charakene. Ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit, Stuttgart 2000, p. 220-221, 300-303 2. ^Pinches T G. Babylonian and Oriental Record vol. IV (1890) pp131-135 3. ^Hyspaosines and Thalassia - attalus.org 4. ^Monika Schuol: Die Charakene. Ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit, Stuttgart 2000, p. 291 5. ^Araby the Blest, Daniel T. Potts, Carsten Niebuhr Institute p.141-43 Sources
9 : 200s BC births|124 BC deaths|Ancient Mesopotamia|History of Bahrain|History of Kuwait|Seleucid satraps|2nd-century BC rulers in Asia|Kings of Characene|2nd-century BC Iranian people |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。