| 释义 |
- Election summaries
- Complete returns Pennsylvania
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
{{Infobox Election
| election_name = 1836 United States House of Representatives elections
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1836
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1834 United States House of Representatives elections
| previous_year = 1834
| next_election = 1838 United States House of Representatives elections
| next_year = 1838
| seats_for_election = All 242 United States House of Representatives seats
Majority: 122 seats
| election_date = July 4, 1836 – November 7, 1837
| image1 =
| leader1 = James K. Polk
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| leaders_seat1 = Tennessee-9th
| last_election1 = 143 seats
| seats1 = 128[1][2]
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 15
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 =
| leader2 = John Bell
| party2 = Whig Party (United States)
| leaders_seat2 = Tennessee-7th
| last_election2 = 75 seats
| seats2 = 100[1][2]
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 25
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| image4 =
| leader4 = Thomas Henry
| party4 = Anti-Masonic Party
| leaders_seat4 = Pennsylvania-22nd
| last_election4 = 16 seats
| seats4 = 7
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 9
| popular_vote4 =
| percentage4 =
| swing4 =
| image5 =
| leader5 = John K. Griffin
| party5 = Nullifier Party
| leaders_seat5 = South Carolina-9th
| last_election5 = 8 seats
| seats5 = 6[2]
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 2
| popular_vote5 =
| percentage5 =
| swing5 =
| title = Speaker
| before_election = James K. Polk
| after_election = James K. Polk
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 25th Congress were held at various dates in different states from July 1836 to November 1837. Though Democrat Martin Van Buren was elected President in November 1836, Democrats lost seats. The newly organizing Whigs benefited from regional candidacies and issues and voter fatigue with outgoing two-term President Andrew Jackson. Jackson, a flamboyant public personality with a record of high-profile leadership and historic military success, often clashed with Congress and the Supreme Court. By comparison, Van Buren, a brilliant partisan organizer and political operative, was less charismatic in looks and demeanor. Voter support for the minor Anti-Masonic and Nullifier parties ebbed, but remained significant. One Independent, John Pope, was elected from Kentucky.[3] Election summaries ↓| 128 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 100 | | Democratic | N | AM | I | Whig | | State | Type | Date | Total
seats | Democratic[4] | Whig[5] | Anti-Masonic | Nullifier | Independent |
|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change |
|---|
| Louisiana | District | July 4–6, 1836 | 3 | 1 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Illinois | District | August 1, 1836 | 3 | 3 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Missouri | At-large | August 1, 1836 | 2 | 2 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{decrease}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Vermont | District | September 6, 1836 | 5 | 1 | {{increase}}1 | 4 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{decrease}}2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Maine | District | September 12, 1836 | 8 | 6 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Georgia | At-large | October 3, 1836 | 9 | 8 | {{decrease}}1 | 1 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | South Carolina | District | October 10–11, 1836 | 9 | 2 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 6 | {{decrease}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Ohio | District | October 11, 1836 | 19 | 8 | {{decrease}}1 | 11 | {{increase}}2 | 0 | {{decrease}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Pennsylvania | District (25)[6] | October 11, 1836 | 28 | 18 | {{increase}}1 | 3 | {{steady}} | 7 | {{decrease}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | New York | District (33)[7] | November 7–9, 1836 | 40 | 30 | {{decrease}}1 | 10 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Delaware | At-large | November 8, 1836 | 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Massachusetts | District | November 14, 1836 | 12 | 2 | {{increase}}1 | 10 | {{increase}}2 | 0 | {{decrease}}3 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | New Jersey | At-large | November 16, 1836 | 6 | 0 | {{decrease}}6 | 6 | {{increase}}6 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | New Hampshire | At-large | March 14, 1837 | 5 | 5 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Connecticut | District[8] | April 3, 1837 | 6 | 6 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Virginia | District | April 27, 1837 | 21 | 15 | {{decrease}}1 | 6 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Mississippi | At-large | July 17–18, 1837[9]
| 2 | 2 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{decrease}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Maryland | District (7)[10] | July 26, 1837 | 8 | 4 | {{steady}} | 4 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Tennessee | District | August 3, 1837 | 13 | 3 | {{decrease}}1 | 10 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Indiana | District | August 7, 1837 | 7 | 1 | {{decrease}}5 | 6 | {{increase}}5 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Kentucky | District | August 7, 1837 | 13 | 1 | {{decrease}}3 | 11 | {{increase}}2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 1[11] | {{increase}}1 | | Alabama | District | August 8, 1837 | 5 | 3 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{increase}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{decrease}}1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | North Carolina | District | August 10, 1837 | 13 | 5 | {{decrease}}2 | 8 | {{increase}}2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Michigan | At-large | August 22, 1837 | 1 | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Rhode Island | At-large | August 29, 1837 | 2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{increase}}2 | 0 | {{decrease}}2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Arkansas | At-large | October 2, 1837 | 1 | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Mississippi | At-large | November 6–7, 1837[12]
April 23–24, 1838[13] | 2 | 0 | {{decrease}}2 | 2 | {{increase}}2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Total[14] | 242 | 128
52.9% | {{decrease}}15 | 100
41.3% | {{increase}}25 | 7
2.9% | {{decrease}}9 | 6
2.5% | {{decrease}}2 | 1
0.4% | {{increase}}1 |
{{bar box
|title=House seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|Democratic|{{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}|52.89}}{{bar percent|Whig|{{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}}|41.32}}{{bar percent|Anti-Masonic|{{Anti-Masonic Party/meta/color}}|2.89}}{{bar percent|Nullifier|{{Nullifier Party/meta/color}}|2.48}}{{bar percent|Independent|#777777|0.41}}
}}A special election was held in Mississippi on July 17–18, 1837. Its winners were Democrats John F. H. Claiborne and Samuel J. Gholson. The first session of the 25th Congress was a special session beginning on September 4, 1837, extending to October 16. In November, Mississippi held the regular election. Seargent Smith Prentiss, a Vicksburg lawyer and Whig, unexpectedly launched a vigorous, partisan campaign. He and fellow Whig Thomas J. Word won in an upset. Claiborne and Gholson then argued that the July result entitled them to serve full terms. With the Whig Party newly organizing, the closely divided House, in which Anti-Masons, Nullifiers, and the Independent tended to align more with Whigs and to oppose Democrats, agreed to hear Prentiss. He spoke for nine hours over three days, packing the gallery, drawing Senators, and earning a national reputation for oratory and public admiration from leading Whigs including Senators Clay and Webster. The Elections Committee then required a third election. Scheduled for April 1838, it confirmed the November result. Both Whigs were seated in May late in the second session, also serving for the third session. Complete returnsPennsylvania| District | Incumbent | Party | First
elected | Result | Candidates[15][16] |
|---|
| PA|1|Pennsylvania 1}} | Joel B. Sutherland | Jacksonian | 1826 | Lost re-election
Democratic hold | Lemuel Paynter (D) 55.3%
Joel B. Sutherland (W[17]) 44.7% | {{ushr|PA|2|Pennsylvania 2}}
Plural district with 2 seats | Joseph R. Ingersoll | Anti-Jacksonian | 1834 | Retired
Whig hold | John Sergeant (W) 63.1%
George W. Toland (W) 63.0%
Read Longstreth (D) 37.7%
John M. Morris (D) 36.3% | | James Harper | Anti-Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Whig hold | | PA|3|Pennsylvania 3}} | Michael W. Ash | Jacksonian | 1834 | Retired
Democratic hold | Francis J. Harper (D) 50.5%
Charles Naylor[18] (W) 49.5% | {{ushr|PA|4|Pennsylvania 4}}
Plural district with 3 seats | William Hiester | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Retired
Anti-Masonic hold | David Potts, Jr. (AM[19]) 53.8%
Edward Darlington (AM[19]) 53.6%
Edward Davies (AM[19]) 53.6%
Samuel Leiper (D) 46.4%
John K. Findley (D) 46.3%
John W. Cunningham (D) 46.3% | | Edward Darlington | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Re-elected | | David Potts, Jr. | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Re-elected | | PA|5|Pennsylvania 5}} | Jacob Fry, Jr. | Jacksonian | 1834 | Re-elected | Jacob Fry, Jr. (D) 61.9%
Daniel M. Mulvaney (W) 38.1% | | PA|6|Pennsylvania 6}} | Mathias Morris | Anti-Jacksonian | 1834 | Re-elected | Mathias Morris (W) 51.4%
John Rockman (D) 48.6% | | PA|7|Pennsylvania 7}} | David D. Wagener | Jacksonian | 1832 | Re-elected | David D. Wagener (D) 73.7%
Jacob Weygandt (W) 26.3% | | PA|8|Pennsylvania 8}} | Edward B. Hubley | Jacksonian | 1834 | Re-elected | Edward B. Hubley (D) 54.2%
William Audenried (AM) 45.8% | | PA|9|Pennsylvania 9}} | Henry A. P. Muhlenberg | Jacksonian | 1828 | Re-elected | Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D) 57.5%
Henry W. Smith (W) 42.5% | | PA|10|Pennsylvania 10}} | William Clark | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Retired
Democratic gain | Luther Reily (D) 50.8%
George W. Harris (W) 49.2% | | PA|11|Pennsylvania 11}} | Henry Logan | Jacksonian | 1834 | Re-elected | Henry Logan (D) 58.2%
Jacob Kirk (W) 41.8% | | PA|12|Pennsylvania 12}} | George Chambers | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Retired
Democratic gain | Daniel Sheffer (D) 50.5%
G. James McSherry (AM) 49.5% | | PA|13|Pennsylvania 13}} | Jesse Miller | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | Charles McClure (D) 57.5%
William Sharon (W) 42.5% | | PA|14|Pennsylvania 14}} | Joseph Henderson | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | William W. Potter (D) 59.6%
John Williamson (AM) 38.2%
John Ashman (AM) 2.2% | | PA|15|Pennsylvania 15}} | Andrew Beaumont | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | David Petrikin (D) 52.1%
John McReynolds (W) 47.9% | | PA|16|Pennsylvania 16}} | Joseph B. Anthony | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | Robert H. Hammond (D) 59.1%
Ebenezer Greenough (A) 40.9% | | PA|17|Pennsylvania 17}} | John Laporte | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | Samuel W. Morris (D) 60.2%
William Jessup (W) 39.8% | | PA|18|Pennsylvania 18}} | Job Mann | Jacksonian | 1832 | Lost re-election
Anti-Masonic gain | Charles Ogle (AM) 51.7%
Job Mann (D) 48.3% | | PA|19|Pennsylvania 19}} | John Klingensmith, Jr. | Jacksonian | 1832 | Re-elected | John Klingensmith, Jr. (D) 58.0%
James Moorhead (W) 42.0% | | PA|20|Pennsylvania 20}} | Andrew Buchanan | Jacksonian | 1832 | Re-elected | Andrew Buchanan (D) 100% | | PA|21|Pennsylvania 21}} | Thomas M. T. McKennan | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Re-elected | Thomas M. T. McKennan (AM) 52.2%
Thomas Ringland (D) 47.8% | | PA|22|Pennsylvania 22}} | Harmar Denny | Anti-Masonic | 1829 (special) | Retired
Anti-Masonic hold | Richard Biddle (AM) 51.4%
Trevanion B. Dallas (D) 48.6% | | PA|23|Pennsylvania 23}} | Samuel S. Harrison | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | William Beatty (D) 56.5%
Joseph Buffington (W) 43.5% | | PA|24|Pennsylvania 24}} | Previous incumbent John Banks (AM) resigned April 2, 1836 | Anti-Masonic hold | Thomas Henry (AM) 56.1%
John R. Shannon (D) 43.9% | | PA|25|Pennsylvania 25}} | John Galbraith | Jacksonian | 1832 | Retired
Democratic hold | Arnold Plumer (D) 54.4%
David Dick (W) 45.6% |
Pennsylvania held two special elections during the 25th Congress. The first was in the {{ushr|PA|3|3rd district}} caused by the death of Francis J. Harper (D) on March 18, 1837. This vacancy was filled by Charles Naylor (W). The second was in the {{ushr|PA|9|9th district}} caused by the resignation of Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D) on February 9, 1838. This vacancy was filled by George Keim (D). See also- United States elections, 1836
- List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1824–54
- United States presidential election, 1836
- United States Senate elections, 1836 and 1837
- 24th United States Congress
- 25th United States Congress
Notes1. ^1 Martis, p. 94.
2. ^1 2 Dubin (p. 119) records only 99 Whigs, with a vacancy in TN-04 (which was later filled by a Whig). Dubin also records 132 Democrats, and only 2 Nullifiers. Figures listed here defer to Martis (p. 94).
3. ^Dubin, p. 117; Martis, p. 94; Moore, p. 966.
4. ^Previously Jacksonian
5. ^Previously Anti-Jacksonian
6. ^Includes two plural districts, one with three Representatives
7. ^Includes five plural districts, one with four Representatives
8. ^Changed from at-large
9. ^Special election
10. ^Includes one plural district
11. ^John Pope won as an Independent and would run later as a Whig
12. ^Regular election
13. ^Third election after disputed result, confirmed result of regular election
14. ^Does not foot state results listed above due to special election and Independent Representative
Total reflects https://history.house.gov/Congressional-Overview/Profiles/25th/
15. ^For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats
16. ^Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
17. ^Changed parties
18. ^Won subsequent special election
19. ^1 2 Joint Whig/Anti-Masonic ticket
References{{Reflist}}Bibliography- {{cite book | first=Michael J. |last=Dubin | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ&dq=United+States+Congressional+Elections,+1788-1997:+The+Official+Results&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wvC6VL-aL5etyAS3_YCADA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses | publisher=McFarland and Company | date=March 1, 1998 |isbn=978-0786402830}}
- {{cite book | first=Kenneth C. |last=Martis | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ&dq=The+Historical+Atlas+of+Political+Parties+in+the+United+States+Congress,+1789-1989&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gKTGVOiSCM22oQSk9oHoAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 | publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company | date=January 1, 1989 |isbn=978-0029201701}}
- {{cite book | editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Moore | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ&q=isbn:9780871879967&dq=isbn:9780871879967&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_K_GVIfQJcbWoASvxIKwCQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections | publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. | edition=Third | date=1994 |isbn=978-0871879967}}
- {{cite web | url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ |title=Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present |publisher=Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives |date= |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}
External links- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
{{United States House of Representatives elections}} 1 : 1836 United States House of Representatives elections |