| 词条 | IBM 608 |
| 释义 |
The IBM 608 Transistor Calculator, a plugboard-programmable unit, was the first IBM product to use transistor circuits without any vacuum tubes and is believed to be the world's first all-transistorized calculator to be manufactured for the commercial market.[1][2]{{rp|34}} Announced in April 1955,[3][4] it was released in December 1957. The 608 was withdrawn from marketing in April 1959.[3] HistoryThe chief designer of the circuits used in the IBM 608 was Robert A. Henle, who later oversaw the development of emitter-coupled logic (ECL) class of circuits.[2]{{rp|59}} The development of the 608 was preceded by the prototyping of an experimental all-transistor version of the 604. Although this was built and demonstrated in October 1954, it was not commercialized.[2]{{rp|50}} To spur the adoption of transistor technology, shortly before the first IBM 608 shipped, Tom Watson directed that a date be set after which no new vacuum-tube-based products would be released.[5] This decision constrained IBM product managers, who otherwise had the latitude to select components for their products, to make the move to transistors. As a result, the successor to the IBM 650 used transistors, and it became the IBM 7070—the company's first transistorized stored-program computer.[2]{{rp|50}} It was similar in nature of operation to the vacuum-tube IBM 604, which had been introduced a decade earlier.[2]{{rp|34}} Although the 608 outpaced its immediate predecessor, the IBM 607 by a factor of 2.5,[3] it was soon rendered obsolete by newer IBM products and only a few dozen were ever delivered.[2]{{rp|48}}[6] OverviewThe 608 contained more than 3,000 germanium transistors.[2]{{rp|50}} The use of transistors was a significant departure from the previous IBM calculators of this line. The 608 also used magnetic core memory, but was still programmed using a control panel.[15] The main memory of the 608 could store 40 nine-digit numbers, and it had an 18-digit accumulator.[7] In raw speed terms, it could perform 4,500 additions per second, it could multiply two nine-digit numbers, yielding an 18-digit result in 11 milliseconds, and it could divide an 18-digit number by a nine-digit number to produce the nine-digit quotient in 13 milliseconds.[3] The 608 could handle 80 program steps.[7] The 608 was supplied with a type 535 card reader/punch which had its own control plugboard. See also
References
1. ^{{cite book |last= Bashe |first= Charles J. |title=IBM's Early Computers |publisher= MIT |year= 1986 |page=386 |ref=harv |display-authors=etal}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last1=Pugh |first1=Emerson W. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lyle R. |last3=Palmer |first3=John H. |year=1991 |title=IBM's 360 and early 370 systems |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0-262-16123-0 |ref=harv }} 3. ^1 2 3 IBM Archives: IBM 608 calculator 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89037555299?urlappend=%3Bseq=84|title=A survey of domestic electronic digital computing systems.|last=Weik|first=Martin H.|date=1955|publisher=Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=61–62}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Bashe|1986|p=387}} 6. ^{{harvnb|Bashe|1986|p=464}} 7. ^1 2 Frank da Cruz, The IBM 608 Calculator, Columbia University Computing History External links
5 : History of electronic engineering|IBM transistorized computers|IBM unit record equipment|Programmable calculators|Computer-related introductions in 1957 |
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