“Il Divo (film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Il Divo ({{IPA-it|il ˈdiːvo}}, The Celebrity^[3] or more literally The Divine,^[4] from Latin divus, god) is a 2008 Italian biographical drama film directed by Paolo Sorrentino. It is based on the figure of former Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti. It competed at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008, where it was awarded the Jury Prize. The film also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 82nd Academy Awards in 2010.

Synopsis

As the film opens, Giulio Andreotti gives an inner monologue observing how he has managed to survive his tumultuous political career while his various detractors have died. A montage shows the murders of various people connected to Andreotti, including journalist Mino Pecorelli, Carabinieri general Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, bankers Michele Sindona and Roberto Calvi, and former prime minister Aldo Moro.

The story of Giulio Andreotti, a seven-time prime minister of Italy notorious for his alleged ties to the Mafia. The narration spans the period from Andreotti's seventh election in 1992, to his failed bid for the presidency of the Italian Republic, to the Tangentopoli bribe scandal, until his trial in 1995.

Cast

Soundtrack

In 2008, the film score for Il Divo was composed by Teho Teardo and released on compact disc Universal in Italy. The soundtrack has not been released locally in North America or the United Kingdom and is only available by import.^[5]

Track listing

Themes

Andreotti's win as an incumbent Prime Minister also reveals the theme of "Particracy, (partitocrazia) or rule by parties" in Italian politics - meaning the rule of Italian politics being strongly influence by a single dominant group of players who govern independent of the will of the voters.^[6] Some may argue that a new trend of populism rose in the politics of many European countries during the late 20th century, resulting in "a new breed of radical right-wing parties and movements" which gain majority favor through "charismatic leadership" and an appeal to "popular anxieties prejudices and resentments".^[7] In the movie, Andreotti served as Prime Minister multiple terms and some argue that he and many other political actors in Italy utilize what is termed “soft populism” which utilizes outlets such as media to appeal to the popular masses.^[8] However, in the movie, Andreotti does not seem to emphasize any specific policies nor even campaign. Through the portrayal of Andreotti, the movie displays how political actors are able to maintain their power/position with little to no explanation as to how they did so. Also, the inability to completely distinguish whether Andreotti was or was not affiliated with the mafia murders conveys the lack of clarity in the mechanics of Italy's government. Andreotti's incumbency reveals pentopartito, which consisted of five parties ranging from the right wing to center-right parties. This coalition formed essentially to prevent a left majority and was able to maintain a majority by strategic methods of give and take. By maintaining this system of taking turns, a “systematic corruption” formed where parties were no longer driven by the masses, but rather by their aligned parties, resulting in “exchanging resources”.^[9]

Critical reception

In Peter Brunette's review for The Hollywood Reporter, he praises the movie, pointing out the capacity of entertaining, the brilliant acting and the quality of the soundtrack. He notes that the movie will probably not have a great success outside Italy.^[11] The same elements emerge from the review of Jay Weissberg from Variety, who define the movie a masterpiece that will become a comparison stone for the years to come.^[12]

Andreotti himself walked out of the movie and dismissed the film, stating that it was "too much" and that he would be, in the end, judged "on his record".^[13]

Accolades

Aldo Signoretti and Vittorio Sodano were nominated for Best Achievement in Makeup for the 82nd Academy Awards. The film was nominated for the Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics.

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=Cannes Success Gives Italian Cinema a Boost|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/09/movies/09film.html|publisher=The New York Times|date=9 July 2008|accessdate=2008-10-29 | first=Elisabetta | last=Povoledo}}
2. ^{{cite news |title=2008 Overseas Total Yearly Box Office Results |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/yearly/?yr=2008&sort=gross&order=DESC&pagenum=3&p=.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=4 March 2009 |accessdate=2009-03-04}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/divo2|title=divo² in Vocabolario - Treccani|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT|access-date=2018-05-03}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/divo1|title=divo¹ in Vocabolario - Treccani|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT|access-date=2018-05-03}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/Il-Divo-Teho-Teardo/dp/B001BJ66P2/ | title=Amazon.com: Il Divo: Teho Teardo, Finn Andrews, Franco / Zanin, Laura / Martino, Bruno Califano, Cassius, Gabriel Faure, Guido Krawinkel, Barbara Morgenstern, Teho Teardo, Antonio Vivaldi, Charles Dutoit, Doug Pearce, Lee Leibowitz, Patrick Gallois, Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, Orpheus Chamber Orchestra, CJ McCloud, Remy Dault, Susan Rosenthal, Alexis Fletcher, Bruna Fantini: Music | work=Amazon.com | publisher= | accessdate=2009-03-14 }}
6. ^{{Cite book|title=Italy: A Difficult Democracy|last=Spotts and Wiesser|first=Frederic and Theodor|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0521315111|location=|pages=4, 5|via=}}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Betz|first=Hans-Georg|date=2001-01-01|title=Exclusionary Populism in Austria, Italy, and Switzerland|jstor=40203575|journal=International Journal|volume=56|issue=3|pages=393–420|doi=10.2307/40203575}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ruzza|first1=Carlo|last2=Fella|first2=Stefano|title=Populism and the Italian Right|journal=Acta Politica|volume=46|issue=2|pages=158–179|doi=10.1057/ap.2011.5|year=2011}}
9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Bull|first1=Martin|last2=Rhodes|first2=Martin|title=Between crisis and transition: Italian politics in the 1990s|journal=West European Politics|volume=20|pages=1–13|doi=10.1080/01402389708425172|year=1997}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/il_divo/|title=Il Divo Movie Reviews|work=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=IGN Entertainment|accessdate=2009-04-27}}
11. ^{{cite web|author=Peter Brunette |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/awards_festivals/fest_reviews/article_display.jsp?rid=11177 |title=Il Divo |format=Web |work=The Hollywood Reporter |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=23 May 2008 |accessdate=2008-10-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115115629/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/awards_festivals/fest_reviews/article_display.jsp?rid=11177 |archivedate=15 January 2009 }}
12. ^{{cite web|author=Jay Weissberg|url=http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&reviewid=VE1117937270|title=Il Divo|format=Web|work=Variety|publisher=variety.com|date=23 May 2008|accessdate=2008-10-12}}
13. ^Andreotti: why I walked out of my own biopic, The Times, 17 March 2009