| 词条 | Ilyushin Il-16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Ilyushin Il-16 (Cyrillic Илью́шин Ил-16) was a Soviet lightweight armored ground-attack aircraft developed at the end of World War II by the Ilyushin design bureau. It was in essence a scaled-down version of the Ilyushin Il-10, but was fitted with a newly developed Mikulin AM-43NV engine with the expectation that it would be faster and more maneuverable than its predecessor. However, the engine's defects proved to be impossible to rectify and further development was canceled in the summer of 1946. DevelopmentThe relatively high performance of the Il-10 prompted the development by the Ilyushin design bureau of a lighter attack aircraft with greater speed and maneuverability in 1944. The Il-16, as the new design was called, was powered by the new liquid-cooled Mikulin AM-43NV engine that delivered {{convert|2300|hp|kW}} for takeoff. The design of the Il-16 was virtually identical to that of the Il-10, both aerodynamically and structurally, but it was slightly smaller and weighed less. Coupled with the more powerful AM-43 engine, it was expected that Il-16 would be significantly faster than the older aircraft. It used Ilyushin's typical load-bearing armored shell, but the armor was thinner in comparison to that of the Il-10.[1] The Il-16 shared the same wing-mounted pair of {{convert|23|mm|abbr=on}} Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 as the Il-10 and added a pair of {{convert|7.62|mm|abbr=on|2}} ShKAS machine guns in the outer wing panels. The rear gunner was given a {{convert|20|mm|abbr=on}} Berezin UB-20. A cassette of ten AG-2 aerial grenades was added to deter pursuing fighters. The bombload was originally intended to be {{convert|200|kg|abbr=on}}, carried in two bomb bays in the inner wings or on underwing racks, with a {{convert|400|kg|abbr=on}} overload capacity, but the normal bombload was increased to 400 kg and the overload to {{convert|500|kg|abbr=on}}.[1] The exact number of prototypes built is not clear, some sources say three, but at least two appear to have been built, based on photographic evidence. The prototype was first flown in 1945 and the engine's torque, coupled with the short rear fuselage, resulted in poor longitudinal stability characteristics. To correct the problem the second prototype had the rear fuselage lengthened {{convert|500|mm|abbr=on}}, the area of the vertical tail was increased and the rudder was given a trim tab. These changes were successful in improving the aircraft's flight characteristics, but the engine proved troublesome and prolonged flight testing into 1946. Its problems proved intractable and the program was canceled in the summer of 1946.[1] Specifications{{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft[2] |crew=two |capacity= |length main= 11.2 m[3] |length alt= 36 ft 9 in |span main= 13.4 m[3] |span alt= 43 ft 11 in |height main= m |height alt= ft in |area main= 30 m²[3] |area alt= 323 ft² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 4,135 kg |empty weight alt= 9,118 lb |loaded weight main= 5,780 kg |loaded weight alt= 12,745 lb |useful load main= 1,465 kg |useful load alt= 3,230 lb |max takeoff weight main= 5,980 kg |max takeoff weight alt= 13,190 lb |more general= |engine (prop)=Mikulin AM-43NV |type of prop=liquid-cooled V12 engine |number of props=1 |power main=1691 kW (take-off) |power alt= 2300 hp |power original= |max speed main= 576 km/h |max speed alt= knots, 358 mph |range main= 800 km |range alt= nm, 497 mi |ceiling main= m |ceiling alt= ft |climb rate main= m/s |climb rate alt= ft/min |loading main= kg/m² |loading alt= lb/ft² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= W/kg |power/mass alt= hp/lb |more performance= |armament=
|avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 Gordon, p. 58 2. ^Gordon, 2004 3. ^1 2 {{Harvnb |Nemecek | pp. 422–23}} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
5 : Soviet attack aircraft 1940–1949|Ilyushin aircraft|Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1945 |
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