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词条 Imageboard
释义

  1. Characteristics

      Tripcodes  

  2. Software

      Futaba Channel clones    Danbooru-style boards  

  3. Imageboards

      420chan    4chan    8chan    Futaba Channel    Hispachan    Karachan    Krautchan   Sosach   Wizardchan    Ylilauta  

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

An imageboard or image board is a type of Internet forum which operates mostly via posting images. The first imageboards were created in Japan, and inspired the creation of a number of English language imageboards. They are based on the textboard concept.

Characteristics

Imageboards, similar to bulletin board systems, are used for discussions of a variety of topics. The primary focus of imageboards, however, is directed away from text posts, and is instead placed on picture posts. The two share many of the same structures, including separate forums for separate topics, as well as similar audiences. Imageboards are much more transitory with content—on some boards (especially highly trafficked ones), the thread deletion time can be as little as 10 minutes. In Japan, where imageboards are more common{{citation needed|reason=Needs proof not just assumption|date=April 2016}}, topics will vary widely, ranging from trains to current news. The most popular English language imageboard, 4chan, similarly has a large variety of topics.

Imageboards are also different from online galleries in that most of the works posted are not made by the poster, but instead are taken from other online sources: galleries, other imageboards, and edited pictures.

Tripcodes

Most imageboards and 2channel-style discussion boards allow (and encourage) anonymous posting and use a system of tripcodes instead of registration. A tripcode is the hashed result of a password that allows one's identity to be recognized without storing any data about users. Entering a particular password will let one "sign" one's posts with the tripcode generated from that password, while trying to take another user's tripcode and compute their password from it (for instance, to make posts that appear to come from a particular person) is computationally difficult. For those who want a custom tripcode, however, there are custom tripcode generators (which are technically tripcode crackers) available, such as Meriken's Tripcode Engine[1] and MTY_CL.[2] In general, anonymity is considered to be one of the advantages of an imageboard, and some boards have from time to time removed the ability to post with a name altogether (known as "forced anonymous/anonymity").

Software

There are two primary types of imageboard software packages in widespread use:{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} linearly directed imageboards modeled closely after Futaba Channel (in which content is posted through hierarchical subsections of topical interest, usually denoted by a forward slash such as "/f" for female), and nonlinear imageboards modeled after Danbooru (usually indicated by the usage of controlled folksonomic vocabulary for topical tagging and search).

Futaba Channel clones

There are currently several Futaba-based imageboard software packages in widespread use: Futallaby, Wakaba, Kusaba X.

Futallaby is a PHP script based on the Futaba script from Futaba Channel. Although the Futallaby source is still freely available at 1chan,[3] it is no longer in development, and the download page recommends using Wakaba instead, stating that "Wakaba can do everything Futallaby does and so much more." Futallaby started as a translation of Futaba, later retooled to support XHTML and customizable CSS styles. It is mostly notable for being the first open source English imageboard script.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Wakaba is a Perl imageboard script with a SQL backend to store thread information.[4] It is designed to be more efficient and cleanly written than other scripts that are available, while preserving the same kind of functionality. Wakaba is one of the most popular western imageboard software scripts,{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} used most notably by iichan (Wakachan).[5] Because of its focus on bare-bones functionality, Wakaba lacks many of the modern amenities provided by 4chan's Yotsuba,[6] and newer imageboard scripts. A few users have attempted to remedy this by forking the original project and adding in features they consider beneficial. Two FOSS examples of this are frankusr's Wakaba fork,[7] and the user experience focused Glaukaba.[8]

Kusaba was a modular imageboard software written in PHP, which used MySQL.[9] The creator has discontinued the project, however, and recommends TinyIB instead.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

Kusaba X is a continuation of Kusaba. Like Kusaba, Kusaba X is written in PHP, and is designed with modularity in mind. It requires a MySQL or SQLite database to run. Kusaba and its derivatives were at one time some of the most popular imageboard solutions.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} Kusaba X has since fallen out of active development, and has not been updated since July 2011.

Tinyboard is a PHP based imageboard script with a MySQL backend.[10] It was eventually discontinued and forked into vichan[11], which itself was forked into infinity[12] and later infinity was forked into OpenIB.[13] Tinyboard (and its forks) notably feature extensibility with JavaScript[14] and the infinity and OpenIB forks include user-submitted board creation.[12]

Danbooru-style boards

Usually referred to as a "booru" (plural "boorus"). Unlike Futaba-inspired imageboard software packages, Danbooru and derivatives aim for a non-hierarchical semantic structure in which users are able to post content and add tags, annotations, translations, artist commentary, and comments.

There exist a number of different Danbooru-style imageboards, both those with shared source code and those that are not released for others to use. The two main Danbooru derivatives are Gelbooru and MyImouto.

Traits of Danbooru-style imageboards
Shared Software Programmed in License Notes
{{Yes}} [https://github.com/r888888888/danbooru Danbooru] Ruby on Rails FreeBSD}} Uses PostgreSQL.[21]
{{Yes}} Shimmie 2 PHP GPLv2}} Uses MySQL by default (as part of LAMP), can also use PostgreSQL.
{{Yes}} [https://github.com/digiwombat/naranai naranai 1.3.x] PHP GPLv3}} Uses MySQL. Built to replace Danbooru because author considered Ruby unsuitable.[22]
{{Yes}} [https://github.com/rr-/szurubooru szurubooru] Python GPLv3}} Uses PostgreSQL.
{{Yes}} [https://github.com/moebooru/moebooru Moebooru] Ruby on Rails MIT}} Uses PostgreSQL.
{{Yes}} [https://code.acr.moe/kazari/myimouto-untouched MyImouto] PHP MIT}} Uses MySQL. PHP port of Moebooru. Uses a custom Ruby-on-Rails-like framework.[23]
{{Yes}} [https://code.acr.moe/kazari/sequenzia Sequenzia] PHP MIT}} Uses MySQL. Modified and re-designed port of MyImouto for the [https://sequenzia.acr.moe Sequenzia Project].[24] Some code is specialised for the Sequenzia Project and AC Research.[25]
{{No}} [https://gelbooru.com/index.php?page=forum&s=view&id=99 Gelbooru 0.2.x] PHP {{proprietary}} Uses MySQL. Gelbooru 0.1.x is open source but 0.2.x currently is not.
{{No}} Octabooru PHP {{proprietary}} (temporarily down due to host server issues) (download link removed as it leads to a phishing scam)
{{No}} Metabooru Python {{proprietary}}
{{No}} booru-on-rails Ruby on Rails {{proprietary}} Uses PostgreSQL, used to use MongoDB. "The 'booru-on-rails' project that powers [https://derpibooru.org Derpibooru] is planned to be released to the public once the debugging is complete."

Imageboards

420chan

An English-language imageboard based on cannabis culture[26] which was created on April 4, 2005 by Kirtaner Aster. The name is a reference to the larger 4chan[27] and the code term 420 of the cannabis subculture. Its boards include various drug-specific boards,[26] as well as a board featuring a chatterbot.[28]

4chan

{{Main|4chan}}4chan is an English language imageboard based on the Japanese imageboard Futaba Channel. This imageboard is based primarily upon the posting of pictures (generally related to a wide variety of topics, from anime and popular culture to politics and sports) and their discussion. The Guardian describes it as "at once brilliant, ridiculous and alarming."[29]

The site and its userbase have received attention from the media for a number of reasons, including attacks against Hal Turner on his Internet shows,[30] distributed denial-of-service attacks against eBaum's World,[31][32] taking part in Project Chanology,[33] and multiple cases of anti-animal abuse reports.[34]

Many Internet memes have originated there, including lolcats,[35][36][37] rickrolling and Pedobear.

8chan

{{Main|8chan}}

8chan (or Infinitechan) is a primarily English language imageboard, although it has sub-boards dedicated to other languages. Just like 4chan, 8chan is based on posting pictures and discussion anonymously, but unlike 4chan, 8chan lets its users decide what they want to discuss by allowing any user to create their own board dedicated to any topic, a concept first made popular by news bulletin boards like Reddit. 8chan also claims to have a strong dedication to freedom of speech and allows all content—so long as the discussion and board creation abides by United States law.[38] However, local moderators enforce the rules of their own boards and may delete posts as they see fit. It is currently partnered with the Japanese textboard 2channel.

Futaba Channel

{{Main|Futaba Channel}}Futaba Channel (ふたば☆ちゃんねる), or "Futaba" for short, is a popular, anonymous BBS and imageboard system based in Japan. Its boards usually do not distinguish between not safe for work and clean content, but there is a strict barrier between two-dimensional (drawn) and three-dimensional (computer graphics (CG) and photographic) pictures that is heavily enforced and debated.[39]

Hispachan

Hispachan was launched in November 2012[40] as a global imageboard for all Spanish-speaking countries. Vice Magazine describes it as "a site for completely anonymous Spanish-language discussion that has proven popular among hackers since its launch in 2012".[41]

In January 2017 a shooting in a school in Monterrey (Mexico) was previously announced on Hispachan.[42]

Karachan

Karachan is the largest Polish imageboard at 16 million posts, founded in 2010. Karachan has received attention from the Polish media after many trolling actions targeting Polish politicians, journalists and the Pope John Paul II. Its name comes from the Polish word karaczan, which means a cockroach, an insect that is used as Karachan's logo.[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][48][50]

Krautchan

A primarily German-language imageboard that was founded in 2007.[51] The name is an allusion to the ethnophaulism Kraut for Germans. Unlike most imageboards, posters on Krautchan didn't publish their postings under the generic name "Anonymous". The german name "Bernd" was used instead and the Krautchan community identified themselves as "Bernds" instead of "Anons". In 2009, after the Winnenden school shooting, the Interior Minister of Baden-Württemberg cited a post on the imageboard in a press conference that appeared to forewarn of the shooting, but was later found to be fake.[52][53][54] The site also featured a popular English language board, /int/, which was also the origin of the Polandball internet phenomenon. In March 21, 2018 the imageboard was shut down. Two days later the imageboard kohlchan was founded as a replacement.

Sosach

Sosach ({{Lang-ru|сосач|lit=sucking chan|translit=sosách}}, also known as Dvach, {{Lang-ru|двач|lit=|translit=dvách}})[55] is one of the consequent imageboards that was created shortly after the shut down of 2ch.ru (originally known as dvach) declared on January 17, 2009, the largest Russian-speaking imageboard at the time. Unlike other imageboards it thoroughly copied original layout and was actively advertised over the internet. Soon after that it managed to succeed the original one in popularity.[56] According to owners the number of posts left in the /b/ exceeds 150 million.[57] In September of 2016 a pro-Russian government organisation MAIL.RU helped to organize "defense" against alleged DDOS attacks that took place during the same month; the events led to speculations among users about takeover of the imageboard by mail.ru and overall discontent of owner's decision to accept "help".[58][59][60] As of October 2018 It is widely believed that imageboard was simply "sold" on undisclosed terms;[60] the decision to sell the board to the pro-government organisation was met with high criticism due to risks of disclosure of anonymous users to the government thus violating principles of anonymity. Many uses left the board by the end of 2016 following its selling.

Wizardchan

Wizardchan is an imageboard primarily dedicated to male virgin culture and topics including anime, hobbies, and depression. Users on the depression board often discuss suicide or self-harm, and a controversy emerged in the board's community about whether to refer users to suicide prevention hotlines.[61]

Ylilauta

{{Main|Ylilauta}}

Ylilauta is a Finnish-language imageboard that was founded in 2011 with the joining of the two most popular Finnish imageboards, Kotilauta and Lauta.net. It is the origin of Spurdo Spärde.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}

See also

  • Anonymous (group)
  • Textboard

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/meriken/merikens-tripcode-engine-v3|title="Meriken's Tripcode Engine" is a cross-platform custom tripcode generator.: meriken/merikens-tripcode-engine-v3|date=26 March 2019|publisher=|via=GitHub}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/madsbuvi/MTY_CL|title=A custom tripcode searcher, written using OpenCL. Primarily targeting the GCN architectures (Radeon HD 77xx and later).: madsbuvi/MTY_CL|date=9 March 2019|publisher=|via=GitHub}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.1chan.net/futallaby/ |title=Futallaby Imageboard Script |publisher=1chan.net |date= |accessdate=2011-09-29}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://wakaba.c3.cx |title=wakaba.c3.cx |publisher=wakaba.c3.cx |date= |accessdate=2011-09-29}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://wakachan.org/ |title=wakachan.org |publisher=wakachan.org |date= |accessdate=2011-09-29}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.4chan.org/news?all#108 |title=4chan Inline Extension News Post}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/frankusrs/Wakaba |title=frankusr's Wakaba Fork Repository}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/marlencrabapple/Glaukaba |title=Glaukaba Imageboard Script}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/tslocum/kusaba |title=Kusaba Imageboard Script |author=tslocum |publisher=GitHub |date= |accessdate=2013-06-06}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/savetheinternet/Tinyboard |title=Tinyboard - The better imageboard software |author=savetheinternet |publisher=GitHub |date= |accessdate=2017-07-13}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/vichan-devel/vichan |title=vichan - Tinyboard branch taking lightweightness somewhat more liberally |author=czaks |publisher=GitHub |date= |accessdate=2017-07-13}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://github.com/ctrlcctrlv/infinity |title=infinity - A vichan fork permitting users to create their own boards |author=ctrlcctrlv |publisher=GitHub |date= |accessdate=2017-07-13}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/OpenIB/OpenIB |title=OpenIB - An infinity fork focused on security. |author=Cipherwraith |publisher=GitHub |date= |accessdate=2017-07-13}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/vichan-devel/vichan/issues/252 |title=Cool codes js to improve vichan? #252 |accessdate=2017-07-13}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://gelbooru.com/index.php?page=help&topic=dapi |title=Gelbooru |publisher=Gelbooru |date= |accessdate=2011-09-16}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://danbooru.donmai.us/help/api |title=Danbooru |publisher=Danbooru.donmai.us |date= |accessdate=2011-09-16}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://ibsearch.i-forge.net/ |title=Imageboards Searcher |publisher=I-forge.net |date= |accessdate=2011-09-29}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tenshichan.com/ |title=Safe Imageboards Search Engine |publisher=Tenshichan.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-04}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/danbooru/ |title=danbooru :: Add-ons for Firefox |last=Hayashime |first=Atachi |publisher=Addons.mozilla.org |date=2007-03-25 |accessdate=2011-09-16}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://danbooru.donmai.us/help/extension |title=Danbooru |publisher=Danbooru.donmai.us |date= |accessdate=2011-09-16}}
21. ^From [https://github.com/r888888888/danbooru/blob/master/README Readme] of the source code.
22. ^From [https://github.com/digiwombat/naranai/blob/master/README Readme] of the source code.
23. ^From [https://code.acr.moe/kazari/myimouto-untouched/blob/master/README.md Readme] of the source code.
24. ^From [https://acr.moe/index.php/Sequenzia_Project Sequenzia Project] Wiki page.
25. ^From [https://code.acr.moe/kazari/sequenzia/blob/master/README.md Readme] of the source.
26. ^1 {{cite book |last=Olson |first=Parmy |date= |title=We Are Anonymous |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ucE1AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT332&dq=420chan&hl=en |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |access-date=28 March 2015 }}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://boingboing.net/2014/12/31/how-imageboard-culture-shaped.html|title=How imageboard culture shaped Gamergate / Boing Boing|website=boingboing.net}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://taimapedia.org/index.php?title=420chan |title=Taimapedia - 420chan |last1= |first1= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=28 March 2015}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,2266526,00.html |title=Taking the Rick | News | guardian.co.uk Music |author=Sean Michaels |publisher=Music.guardian.co.uk |date=2008-03-19 |accessdate=2011-09-29 |location=London}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070205/NEWS07/70205031/0/NEWS06 |title=Cyber foes find ways to silence hate-talk radio host |publisher=freep.com |accessdate=2007-02-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115741/http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070205%2FNEWS07%2F70205031%2F0%2FNEWS06 |archivedate=September 29, 2007 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vitalsecurity.org/2006/01/lindsay-lohan-causes-massive-dos-war.html |title=Lindsay Lohan causes massive DoS war |publisher=Vitalsecurity.org |date=2006-01-09 |accessdate=2008-01-20}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lelezard.com/actu/3167/ebaumsworld-assiege.html |title=Ebaumsworld assiégé |author=Bertiaux, Michaël |publisher=Le Lézard |language=French |date=2006-01-09 |accessdate=2008-01-19}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=261308 |title=Online group declares war on Scientology |last=George-Cosh |first=David |coauthors= |work=National Post |pages= |publisher=Canwest Publishing Inc. |date=January 25, 2008 |accessdate=2008-01-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20080128145858/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=261308 |archivedate=January 28, 2008 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite news |url=http://technolog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/08/31/5010813-web-video-woman-throws-puppies-in-river-4chan-tracks-her-down?pc=25&sp=25 |title=Web video: Woman throws puppies in river, 4chan tracks her down |last=Popkin |first=Helen A.S. |coauthors= |work=MSNBC Technology |pages= |publisher=MSNBC.com |date=August 31, 2010 |accessdate=2010-08-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910110708/http://technolog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/08/31/5010813-web-video-woman-throws-puppies-in-river-4chan-tracks-her-down?pc=25&sp=25 |archivedate=September 10, 2010 |df= }}
35. ^"Lolcats' demented captions create a new Web language", Tamara Ikenberg, The News Journal, 9 July 2007
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2007/11/14/News/Iz.Not.Cats.Everywhere.Online.Trend.Spreads.Across.Campus-3099929.shtml |title=Iz not cats everywhere? Online trend spreads across campus |author=Richards, Paul |publisher=The Daily Pennsylvanian |date=2007-11-14 |accessdate=2008-01-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117142809/http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2007/11/14/News/Iz.Not.Cats.Everywhere.Online.Trend.Spreads.Across.Campus-3099929.shtml |archivedate=2007-11-17 |df= }}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://thephoenix.com/Article.aspx?id=55486 |title=The cuteness surge |author=Steel, Sharon |publisher=The Phoenix |date=2008-02-01 |accessdate=2008-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213073432/http://thephoenix.com/Article.aspx?id=55486 |archivedate=2008-02-13 |df= }}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailydot.com/politics/8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate/ |title=8chan, the central hive of Gamergate, is also an active pedophile network |last=Howell O'Neill |first=Patrick |work=The Daily Dot |date=November 17, 2014}}
39. ^2chan.net Futaba Channel
40. ^[https://www.hispachan.org/historia/ Hispachan's History] {{es}}
41. ^[https://news.vice.com/article/this-murder-has-exposed-the-dark-side-of-mexicos-hacking-community "This Murder Has Exposed the Dark Side of Mexico’s Hacking Community"] Vice News.
42. ^"Agresor en colegio de Monterrey pudo anunciar ataque en foro" Excelsior. {{es}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://natemat.pl/149209,hejt-na-filipa-chajzera-to-zorganizowana-akcja-karachana-sprawia-im-to-ogromna-radosc|last=Świderski|first=Bartosz|work=NaTemat|title=Hejt na Filipa Chajzera to zorganizowana akcja Karachana. Sianie zamętu sprawia trollom największą przyjemność}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,12116040,Trolle_i_zlewy.html|last=Chmielecka|first=Julia|work=Gazeta Wyborcza|title=Trolle i zlewy}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=Koniec żartów z prezydenta Dudy. Policja przeszukała mieszkanie internauty. Prokuratura wszczęła śledztwo|url=http://wyborcza.pl/1,75398,19542714,koniec-zartow-z-prezydenta-dudy-policja-przeszukala-mieszkanie.html|website=wyborcza.pl|accessdate=9 January 2017}}
46. ^{{cite web|title=Hejt pod wpisem Filipa Chajzera o śmierci syna to zaplanowana akcja. 'Karaczan wkracza do akcji'. A to nie wszystko|url=http://www.plotek.pl/plotek/1,138986,18400818,filip-chajzer-oglosil-na-fb-ze-stracil-syna-hejt-karaczan.html|website=plotek.pl|accessdate=9 January 2017|language=pl-PL}}
47. ^{{cite web|title=Tak zaczęło się obrażanie zmarłego syna Chajzera: "To co, szkalujemy? ZIEJMY NIENAWIŚCIĄ!"|url=http://www.pudelek.pl/artykul/81607/tak_zaczelo_sie_obrazanie_zmarlego_syna_chajzera_to_co_szkalujemy_ziejmy_nienawiscia/|website=pudelek.pl|accessdate=9 January 2017|language=pl-PL|date=22 July 2015}}
48. ^1 {{cite web|title=Trolling level: master. To Karachan stoi za filmikiem "Mój sąsiad imigrant"|url=http://natemat.pl/154979,trolling-level-master-to-karachan-stoi-za-filmikiem-moj-sasiad-imigrant|website=naTemat.pl|accessdate=9 January 2017}}
49. ^{{cite web|title=Scenariusz jak z horroru w Rybniku. Ktoś włamał się na konto zabitej 17-latki i straszy pół miasta. Psychopata czy żart?|url=http://damianmaliszewski.natemat.pl/229763,morderstwo-17-letniej-alicji-f-haker-podaje-alfabetem-morse-a-nazwiska-osob-zamieszanych-w-zbrodnie-thriller-w-rybniku-trwa|website=naTemat.pl|accessdate=25 May 2018}}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Tak wyglądała ostatnia noc Alicji|url=https://www.nowiny.pl/142151-tak-wygladala-ostatnia-noc-alicji.html?f8c520cf9300a264d96947d129db9f40=&p=3#content|website=nowiny.pl|accessdate=21 August 2018}}
51. ^{{cite book |last1=Reißmann |first1=Ole |last2=Stöcker |first2=Christian |date= |title=We are Anonymous: Die Maske des Protests - Wer sie sind, was sie antreibt ... |url=https://books.google.com/?id=CkSzMbl-VsAC&pg=PT22&dq=krautchan |location= |publisher= |page=22 |isbn= |access-date=28 March 2015 }}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/massacre-in-winnenden-school-shooting-internet-post-a-fake-a-613085.html |title=Massacre in Winnenden: School Shooting Internet Post a Fake |last=|first=|work=Spiegel Online|date=March 13, 2009}}
53. ^{{cite book |last=Roth |first=Daniel |date= |title=Zündstoff für den "Columbine-Effekt"? Die Berichterstattung über School Shootings in deutschen Print- und Online-Medien |url=https://books.google.com/?id=A2z-uCuUkuwC&pg=PA116&dq=krautchan |location= |publisher= |page=116 |isbn= |access-date=28 March 2015 }}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/03/12/germany.school.shooting.women/ |title=German police now question whether killer posted warning |last=|first=|work=CNN|date=March 12, 2009}}
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57. ^{{cite web|url=https://2ch.hk/b/arch/2017-03-31/res/150010363.html|title=//Б/ред/ - че было в |website=Двач}}
58. ^{{Cite news|url=http://lurkmore.to/2ch.hk#2ch.mail.ru|title=2ch.hk|work=Lurkmore|access-date=2018-10-02|language=ru}}
59. ^{{Cite news|url=https://meduza.io/news/2016/09/30/mail-ru-zaschitila-dvach-ot-ddos-ataki|title=Mail.ru защитила «Двач» от DDoS-атаки|work=Meduza|access-date=2018-10-02|language=ru-RU}}
60. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://wiki.1chan.ca/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87|title=Сосач — Колчевики|website=wiki.1chan.ca|language=ru|access-date=2018-10-08}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/users/2015/03/reddit_and_suicide_intervention_how_social_media_is_changing_the_cry_for.html|last=Hess|first=Amanda|work=Slate|title=Please Do Not Downvote Anyone Who’s Asked for Help}}

External links

  • Overscript - a list of imageboard software
  • AllChans - OverChan V.3 - a list of imageboards
{{Anonymous and the Internet}}{{Internet slang}}

5 : Internet forum terminology|Internet culture|Internet forums|Virtual communities|Imageboards
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