| 词条 | Josef Rheinberger |
| 释义 |
Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (17 March 1839, in Vaduz – 25 November 1901, in Munich) was an organist and composer, born in Liechtenstein and resident for most of his life in Germany. BiographyJosef Gabriel Rheinberger, whose father was the treasurer for Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein, showed exceptional musical talent at an early age. When only seven years old, he was already serving as organist of the Vaduz parish church, and his first composition was performed the following year. In 1849, he studied with composer Philipp M. Schmutzer (31 December 1821 – 17 November 1898) in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg.[1] In 1851, his father, who had initially opposed his son's desire to embark on the life of a professional musician, relented and allowed him to enter the Munich Conservatorium. Not long after graduating, he became professor of piano and of composition at the same institution. When this first version of the Munich Conservatorium was dissolved, he was appointed répétiteur at the Court Theatre, from which he resigned in 1867.[2] Rheinberger married his former pupil, the poet and socialite Franziska "Fanny" von Hoffnaass (eight years his senior) in 1867. The couple remained childless, but the marriage was happy. Franziska wrote the texts for much of her husband's vocal work. The stylistic influences on Rheinberger ranged from contemporaries such as Brahms to composers from earlier times, such as Mendelssohn, Schumann, Schubert and, above all, Bach. He was also an enthusiast for painting and literature (especially English and German). In 1877 he was appointed court conductor, responsible for the music in the royal chapel. He was subsequently awarded an honorary doctorate by Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. A distinguished teacher, he numbered many Americans among his pupils, including Horatio Parker, William Berwald, George Whitefield Chadwick, Bruno Klein and Henry Holden Huss. Other students of his included important figures from Europe: Italian composer Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, and German composers Engelbert Humperdinck and Richard Strauss and the conductor (and composer) Wilhelm Furtwängler. {{See LMST|Josef|Rheinberger}} When the second (and present) Munich Conservatorium was founded, Rheinberger was appointed Royal Professor of organ and composition, a post he held for the rest of his life. On 31 December 1892 his wife died, after suffering a long illness. Two years later, poor health led him to give up the post of Court Music Director.[3] Rheinberger was a prolific composer. His religious works include twelve Masses (one for double chorus, three for four voices a cappella, three for women's voices and organ, two for men's voices and one with orchestra), a Requiem and a Stabat Mater. His other works include several operas, symphonies,[4] chamber music, and choral works. Today Rheinberger is remembered above all for his elaborate and challenging organ compositions; these include two concertos, 20 sonatas in 20 different keys (of a projected set of 24 sonatas in all the keys),[5] 22 trios, and 36 solo pieces. His organ sonatas were once declared to be {{quote|undoubtedly the most valuable addition to organ music since the time of Mendelssohn. They are characterized by a happy blending of the modern Romantic spirit with masterly counterpoint and dignified organ style.|J. Weston Nicholl| Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ([https://archive.org/details/grovesdictionar00maigoog 1908 edition]), v. 4, 85}} Rheinberger died in 1901 in Munich, and was buried in the Alter Südfriedhof. His grave was destroyed during World War II, and his remains were moved to his home town of Vaduz in 1950.[2] CompositionsThis list only mentions works that were assigned an opus number by Rheinberger himself.
Recordings
Media{{listen| filename = Rheinberger - Tema variato (Thema).ogg | title = Theme and Variations for Organ: Theme | description = | format = ogg | filename2 = Rheinberger - Tema variato (1. Variation).ogg | title2 = Theme and Variations for Organ: Variation 1 | description2 = | format2 = ogg | filename3 = Rheinberger - Tema variato (2. Variation).ogg | title3 = Theme and Variations for Organ: Variation 2 | description3 = | format3 = ogg | filename4 = Rheinberger - Tema variato (3. Variation).ogg | title4 = Theme and Variations for Organ: Variation 3 | description4 = | format4 = ogg | filename5 = Rheinberger - Tema variato (4. Variation).ogg | title5 = Theme and Variations for Organ: Variation 4 | description5 = | format5 = ogg | filename6 = Rheinberger - Tema variato (5. Variation).ogg | title6 = Theme and Variations for Organ: Variation 5 | description6 = | format6 = ogg | filename7 = Rheinberger - Tema variato (6. Variation).ogg | title7 = Theme and Variations for Organ: Variation 6 | description7 = | format7 = ogg }} References1. ^International Rheinberger Society 2. ^1 {{cite web|last=Jameson|first=Michael|publisher=Allmusic|title=Joseph Rheinberger|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/joseph-rheinberger-mn0001179859|accessdate=7 July 2012}} 3. ^Guy Wagner, "A Master from Liechtenstein" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103213154/http://www.gantengroup.com/wp-content/uploads/rheinberger-booklet.pdf |date= 3 January 2014 }} 4. ^Percy Goetschius, Masters of the Symphony (Boston: Ditson, 1929, 331) wrote that Rheinberger "is celebrated mainly for his organ works ... He composed only two symphonies: No. I, Wallenstein, D minor, in the usual four movements, but tracing a definite program, as indicated by the given titles; and No. II, Op. 87, the Florentine." 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://worcesterago.org/2011/10/dr-ken-wolf-in-memoriam/ |title=Dr Ken Wolf – in memoriam |publisher=Worcester Chapter of the American Guild of Organists |date=21 October 2011 |accessdate=11 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201205836/http://worcesterago.org/2011/10/dr-ken-wolf-in-memoriam/ |archivedate= 1 February 2014 |df= }} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.paracletepress.com/Products/G121/josef-gabriel-rheinberger.aspx|title=Josef Gabriel Rheinberger|website=www.paracletepress.com|access-date=15 March 2017}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=1847612|title=Rheinberger: Geistliche Vokalmusik - Carus: CV83336 {{!}} Buy from ArkivMusic|website=www.arkivmusic.com|access-date=15 March 2017}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.prioryrecords.co.uk/Rheinberger-Sonatas-complete-Roger-Sayer-%20Temple-Church-London-%2020-%20Sonatas-First-%20Complete-%20UK-%20Organ-of%20these-works-since%201970s|title=The Complete Organ Sonatas of Josef Rheinberger - Roger Sayer plays The Organ of The Temple Church, London|access-date=26 April 2018}} Other sources
External links
Free scores
Commercial publishers
Free recordings{{commons category|Josef Gabriel Rheinberger}}
22 : 1839 births|1901 deaths|19th-century classical composers|19th-century German composers|19th-century male musicians|20th-century classical composers|20th-century German composers|20th-century male musicians|Burials at the Alter Südfriedhof|Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art|Composers for pipe organ|German classical composers|German classical organists|Male organists|German male classical composers|German opera composers|Male opera composers|German Roman Catholics|German Romantic composers|Liechtenstein composers|Liechtenstein Roman Catholics|People from Vaduz |
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