| 词条 | Josef Schwammberger |
| 释义 |
Josef Franz Leo Schwammberger (February 14, 1912 – December 3, 2004) was a member of the SS (Schutzstaffel) during the Nazi era. BiographyDuring the Second World War, Schwammberger was a commander of various SS Arbeitslager (forced-labor camps) in the Kraków district (late August 1942 until spring 1944). He was arrested in Innsbruck, Austria, in the French occupation zone after the war on July 19, 1945, but escaped in January 1948 and within months was able to enter Argentina, where he lived under his own name and obtained citizenship. West German authorities sought his extradition beginning in 1973, and Argentine officials tracked him down on November 13, 1987. After two years of fighting extradition, he was returned to West Germany in May 1990 for trial. His capture cost the German state of Baden-Württemberg just under 500,000 Deutschmark. At his trial, which lasted nearly a year (1991 until 1992), Schwammberger denied being guilty of the crimes of which he was charged; he simply admitted that "Ghetto A" was taken to the Przemyśl camp. On May 18, 1992, he was sentenced by the Stuttgart regional court (Landgericht) to life imprisonment, which he was to serve in Mannheim. He was found guilty of seven counts of murder and 32 counts of being an accessory to murder. {{quote|The court ruled that on Sept. 21, 1942, which was Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, Mr. Schwammberger sought out and killed a Jewish rabbi in Rozwadów, a crime that Judge Luippold called one of his "most despicable and reprehensible." In addition, the judge found that Mr. Schwammberger was an organizer of a mass execution in the Przemyśl camp on Sept. 2, 1943, in which at least 500 Jewish prisoners were shot by Gestapo soldiers.[1]}}In August 2002, the Mannheim regional court declined a parole request due to the unusual cruelty of his offences; he had been found guilty of carrying out arbitrary murders based on racial hatred against Jewish people. His wife Käthe Schwammberger died in 2003 at the age of 87 in Argentina before Schwammberger himself died in prison on December 3, 2004, aged 92. The Simon Wiesenthal Center was instrumental in bringing him to justice.[1] Also contributing to the case against Schwammberger, including his extradition from Argentina, was Elliot Welles.[2] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/19/world/last-nazi-criminal-gets-life-sentence.html?scp=5&sq=Josef%20Schwammberger&st=cse|title= 'Last' Nazi Criminal Gets Life Sentence|last1= Kinzer|first1= Stephen|last2= |first2= |date= May 19, 1992|work= The New York Times|publisher= |accessdate= December 22, 2010}} ;Other sources2. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/nyregion/03welles.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Elliot%20Welles&st=cse|title= Elliot Welles Is Dead at 79; Indefatigable Nazi Hunter|last1= Fox|first1= Margalit|last2= |first2= |date= December 3, 2006|work= The New York Times|publisher= |accessdate= December 22, 2010}}
|last1= Christian|first1= Shirley |last2= |first2= |date= March 25, 1990|work= The New York Times |publisher= |accessdate= December 22, 2010}}
|last1= Christian|first1= Shirley |last2= |first2= |date= July 10, 1988|work= The New York Times |publisher= |accessdate= December 22, 2010}}
14 : 1912 births|2004 deaths|People from Brixen|SS non-commissioned officers|German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment|Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Germany|German people who died in prison custody|Prisoners who died in German detention|People convicted of murder by Germany|German people convicted of murder|People extradited from Argentina|People extradited to Germany|Nazi concentration camp commandants|Holocaust perpetrators in Poland |
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