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词条 Indian Councils Act 1861
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

{{Infobox UK legislation
|short_title = The Indian Councils Act, 1861[1]
|parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
|long_title = An Act to make better Provision for the Constitution of the Council of the Governor General of India, and for the Local Government of the several Presidencies and Provinces of India, and for the temporary Government of India in the event of a Vacancy in the Office of Governor General.
|year = 1861
|statute_book_chapter = c. 67
|introduced_by =
|territorial_extent =
|royal_assent = 1 August 1861
|repeal_date =
|amendments =
|related_legislation =
|repealing_legislation= Government of India Act 1915
|status = Repealed
|original_text =
|legislation_history =
|use_new_UK-LEG =
}}

The Indian Councils Act 1861 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that transformed India's executive council to function as a cabinet run on the portfolio system.[2] This cabinet had six "ordinary members", who each took charge of a separate department in Calcutta's government: home, revenue, military, law, finance, and (after 1874) public works. The military Commander-in-Chief sat in with the council as an extraordinary member. The Executive Council was enlarged by addition of fifth member. The Viceroy was allowed, under the provisions of the Act, to overrule the council on affairs if he deemed it necessary, as was the case in 1879, during the tenure of Lord Lyton.

The Viceroy was allowed to issue ordinances lasting six months if the Legislative Council is not in session in an emergency.

The Secretary of State for India, Sir Charles Wod, believed that the Act was of immense importance: "the act is a great experiment. That everything is changing in India is obvious enough, and that the old autocratic government cannot stand unmodified is indisputable."[3]

The 1861 Act restored the legislative powers of Bombay and Madras Presidencies taken away by the Charter Act of 1833. The legislative council at Calcutta was given extensive authority to pass laws for British India as a whole, but the legislative councils at Bombay and Madras were given the power to make laws for the "Peace and good Government" for only their respective presidencies.The Governor General was given the power to create new provinces for legislative purposes and could appoint Lieutenant Governors for the provinces.[4]

However, from India's point of view, the act did little to improve the influence of Indians in the legislative council. The role of council was limited to advice, and no financial discussion could take place...

See also

  • Indian Councils Act 1892

References

  • Indian Polity, by M Laxmikanth
1. ^Short title as conferred by s. 1 of the Act; the modern convention for the citation of short titles omits the initial "The", ignores the italicisation of "Indian", and omits the comma after the word "Act".
2. ^Encyclopædia Britannica article concerning this Act
3. ^{{cite book|last=Sen|first=S. N.|title=History Modern India|date=2006|publisher=Newage International|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-1774-4|pages=110|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=ga-pmgxsWwoC&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=the+act+is+a+great+experiment.+That+everything+is+changing+in+India+is+obvious+enough,+and+that+the+old+autocratic+government+cannot+stand+unmodified+is+indisputable&source=bl&ots=HjXtCKXgpu&sig=SOn9cKF3LrSymEhUGx_pAC-BbKc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0yjzUvDNLKaW0AW2s4DwBA&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=the%20act%20is%20a%20great%20experiment.%20That%20everything%20is%20changing%20in%20India%20is%20obvious%20enough%2C%20and%20that%20the%20old%20autocratic%20government%20cannot%20stand%20unmodified%20is%20indisputable&f=false}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/history/history.htm |title=History of State Legislature |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennei |accessdate=11 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413233934/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/history/history.htm |archivedate=13 April 2010 }}
{{UK legislation}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}{{India-law-stub}}

4 : 1861 in law|United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1861|Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning India|1861 in India

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