| 词条 | Indians in Portugal |
| 释义 |
| group = Indians in Portugal | population = 70,000 | popplace = Lisbon{{·}}Porto Algarve, São Teotónio, Pegões(Montijo), Santarém, Benavente | langs = Portuguese{{·}}Konkani{{·}}Gujurati{{·}}English{{·}}Indian Languages Punjabi,Hindi | rels = Christianity (Roman Catholicism){{·}}Hinduism{{·}}Sikhism{{·}}Islam | related-c = Konkani people, Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin, Desi, Nepali }} Indians in Portugal, including recent immigrants and people who trace their ancestry back to India, together number around 70,000.[1] They are concentrated in Lisbon and Porto. They are also found in the Algarve, Coimbra, Guarda and Leiria. They consist of Goans, Gujaratis, people from Daman and Diu, and most recently Punjabis. History{{see also|Chinese people in Portugal|Slavery in Portugal}}In sixteenth century southern Portugal there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves.[2] Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers, and Arabs.[3] China and Malacca were origins of slaves delivered to Portugal by Portuguese viceroys.[4] A Portuguese woman, Dona Ana de Ataíde owned an Indian man named António as a slave in Évora.[5] He served as a cook for her.[6] Ana de Ataíde's Indian slave escaped from her in 1587.[7] A large number of slaves were forcibly brought there since the commercial, artisanal, and service sectors all flourished in a regional capital like Évora.[8] Rigorous and demanding tasks were assigned to Mourisco, Chinese, and Indian slaves.[9] Chinese, Mouriscos, and Indians were among the ethnicities of prized slaves and were much more expensive compared to blacks, so high class individuals owned these ethnicities.[10] A fugitive Indian slave from Evora named António went to Badajoz after leaving his master in 1545.[11] António was among the three most common male names given to male slaves in Evora.[12] Antão Azedo took an Indian slave named Heitor to Evora, who along with another slave was from Bengal were among the 34 Indian slaves in total who were owned by Tristão Homem, a nobleman in 1544 in Evora. Manuel Gomes previously owned a slave who escaped in 1558 at age 18 and he was said to be from the "land of Prester John of the Indias" named Diogo.[13] In Evora, men were owned and used as slaves by female establishments like convents for nuns. A capelão do rei, father João Pinto left an Indian man in Porto where he was picked up in 1546 by the Evora-based Santa Marta convent's nuns to serve as their slave. However, female slaves did not serve in male establishments, unlike vice versa.[14] Japanese Christian Daimyos mainly responsible for selling to the Portuguese their fellow Japanese. Japanese women and Japanese men, Javanese, Chinese, and Indians were all sold as slaves in Portugal.[15]Traits such as high intelligence were ascribed to Indians, Chinese, and Japanese slaves.[16][17][18] Notable people{{further information|:Category:Portuguese people of Indian descent}}
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora|publisher=Government of India|date=2008-08-18|page=140|chapter=11|url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter11.pdf|accessdate=2010-03-17}} 2. ^{{cite book|publisher=UNC Press Books|year=2007|location=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vrj4gApIJz4C&pg=PA228#v=onepage&q&f=false|quote= |volume=|page=228|title=The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624|editor=Peter C. Mancall|isbn=0-8078-3159-X|edition=illustrated|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 3. ^{{cite book|publisher=Nova Fronteira|year=2014|location=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpxUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT584#v=onepage&q&f=false |quote= |volume=|chapter=25 Escravo ugual a negro|title=A manilha e o libambo: A África e a escravidão, de 1500 a 1700|author=Alberto da Costa e Silva|isbn=852093949X|edition=2|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 4. ^{{cite book|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1997|location=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmPFnzXU7o0C&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false|quote= |volume=|page=119|title=The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 - 1870|author=Hugh Thomas|isbn=0684835657|editor=|edition=illustrated, reprint|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 5. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=%C3%ADndio+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde+que+%C3%A9+cozinheiro&dq=%C3%ADndio+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde+que+%C3%A9+cozinheiro&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_gcmz3ZDSAhVhlVQKHdfQAw0Q6AEIHDAA |quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 6. ^{{cite book|publisher=Celta Editora|year=2002|location=Oeiras|language=Portuguese|url=https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/3533/1/Cozinheiro.pdf|quote= |volume=III |page=162|title=A Agricultura: Dicionário das Ocupações, Nuno Luís Madureira (coord.), História do Trabalho e das Ocupações| author=Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida|editors=Andrade Martins Conceição, Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro|isbn=972-774-133-9|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 7. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&dq=escravo+evora+antonio&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ana+ata%C3%ADde|quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=31|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 8. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&dq=escravo+evora+antonio&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ana+ata%C3%ADde|quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=31|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 9. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=ogEUU-XiBKaW0QGKroGABg&id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&dq=Os+%C3%ADndios%2C+chineses+e+mouriscos+parecem+ter+tarefas+mais+exigentes%2C+como+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+%C3%ADndio%2C+cozinheiro+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde%2833%29+e+o+chin%C3%AAs%2C+tamb%C3%A9m+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+ainda+h%C3%A1+pouco+referido+e+que+era+condutor+das+azemo-+las+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2834%29.+Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+social%2C+como+o+infante+D.+Luis%2C+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos%2C+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2C+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada%3A+3+%C3%ADndios%2C+3+mouriscos%2C+1+china%2C+uma+preta%2C+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presen%C3%A7a+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora%2C+como+capit%C3%A3o+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Sim%C3%A3o+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tr%C3%A1fico+de+escravos%2C+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos%2835%29.&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Finalmente+dois+chinas%2C+um+deles+azemel+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena+e+o+outro+Francisco+China%2C+de+Francisco+de+Carvalhais%2C+e+dois+judeus%2C+ambos+fugidos%2C+...+Os+%C3%ADndios%2C+chineses+e+mouriscos+parecem+ter+tarefas+mais+exigentes%2C+como+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+%C3%ADndio%2C+cozinheiro+de+D.+Ana+de+Ata%C3%ADde%2833%29+e+o+chin%C3%AAs%2C+tamb%C3%A9m+Ant%C3%B3nio%2C+ainda+h%C3%A1+pouco+referido+e+que+era+condutor+das+azemo-+las+de+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2834%29.+Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+social%2C+como+o+infante+D.+Luis%2C+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos%2C+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena%2C+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada%3A+3+%C3%ADndios%2C+3+mouriscos%2C+1+china%2C+uma+preta%2C+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presen%C3%A7a+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora%2C+como+capit%C3%A3o+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Sim%C3%A3o+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tr%C3%A1fico+de+escravos%2C+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos%2835%29.|quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=972-96965-3-5|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 10. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condição+social,+como+o+infante+D.+Luis,+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos,+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena,+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada:+3+%C3%ADndios,+3+mouriscos,+1+china,+uma+preta,+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presença+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora,+como+capitão+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Simão+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tráfico+de+escravos,+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos(35).+A+posse+de+escravos+dessas+etnias+pelas+classes+mais+altas+devia-se+certamente+ao+seu+mais+elevado+preço.+Efectivamente,+o+valor+dos+escravos+negros+era+de+todos+o+mais+baixo,+pela+sua+maior+abundância+e+bocalidade,+o+que+está+de+acordo+com+o+que+também+se.&dq=Aparecem+na+posse+de+pessoas+da+mais+elevada+condição+social,+como+o+infante+D.+Luis,+que+possu%C3%ADa+8+mouriscos+e+apenas+3+pretos,+ou+D.+Maria+de+Vilhena,+que+dispunha+entre+os+seus+15+cativos+de+uma+gama+etnicamente+variada:+3+%C3%ADndios,+3+mouriscos,+1+china,+uma+preta,+uma+parda+e+um+mulato.+Este+caso+explica-se+pela+presença+no+Oriente+do+marido+desta+senhora,+como+capitão+de+Diu+e+Ormuz.+Simão+da+Silveira+esteve+directamente+implicado+no+tráfico+de+escravos,+tendo+sido+enviado+em+1512+pelo+rei+ao+Congo+para+trazer+cativos(35).+A+posse+de+escravos+dessas+etnias+pelas+classes+mais+altas+devia-se+certamente+ao+seu+mais+elevado+preço.+Efectivamente,+o+valor+dos+escravos+negros+era+de+todos+o+mais+baixo,+pela+sua+maior+abundância+e+bocalidade,+o+que+está+de+acordo+com+o+que+também+se.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EAYUU5DsGMbH0QHDoYDwDA&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA|quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=972-96965-3-5|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 11. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=...+de+Sande,+%22homem+mourisco+forro%22,+criado+do+c%C3%B3nego+Manuel+de+Sande+e+provavelmente+seu+antigo+escravo,+que+em+1545+foi+em+nome+do+patr%C3%A3o+a+Badajoz+buscar+Ant%C3%B3nio,+%C3%ADndio+que+para+l%C3%A1+fugira,+com+ordem+de+o+vender(396).&dq=...+de+Sande,+%22homem+mourisco+forro%22,+criado+do+c%C3%B3nego+Manuel+de+Sande+e+provavelmente+seu+antigo+escravo,+que+em+1545+foi+em+nome+do+patr%C3%A3o+a+Badajoz+buscar+Ant%C3%B3nio,+%C3%ADndio+que+para+l%C3%A1+fugira,+com+ordem+de+o+vender(396).&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitnPGBm5PSAhVEBywKHbxSA4MQ6AEIHDAA |quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=103|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 12. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora|year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&q=A+comparação+com+o+nome+dos+donos+de+escravos+que+conhecemos+não+teria+vantagens+dado+que+também+estes+eram+uma+camada+restrita+da+população+-+com+grande+peso+da+nobreza+-+em+que+podiam+verificar-se+especificidades+culturais+determinantes+do+uso+dos+nomes.+É+de+destacar+a+coincidência+dos+três+nomes+mais+usados,+quer+pelos+escravos+-+António,+Manuel+e+Francisco+-+quer+pelas+escravas+-+Maria,+Isabel+e+Catarina+-+na+região+de+Évora+e+na+Madeira,+de+acordo+com+o+estudo+de+Alberto+Vieira&dq=A+comparação+com+o+nome+dos+donos+de+escravos+que+conhecemos+não+teria+vantagens+dado+que+também+estes+eram+uma+camada+restrita+da+população+-+com+grande+peso+da+nobreza+-+em+que+podiam+verificar-se+especificidades+culturais+determinantes+do+uso+dos+nomes.+É+de+destacar+a+coincidência+dos+três+nomes+mais+usados,+quer+pelos+escravos+-+António,+Manuel+e+Francisco+-+quer+pelas+escravas+-+Maria,+Isabel+e+Catarina+-+na+região+de+Évora+e+na+Madeira,+de+acordo+com+o+estudo+de+Alberto+Vieira&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XQcUU9ThB-Hz0gHrnYFg&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA|quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=24|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 13. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&dq=escravo+evora+antonio&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chines |quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=21|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 14. ^{{cite book|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Évora |year=1997|location=|language=Portuguese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrlIAAAAYAAJ&dq=escravo+evora+antonio&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%C3%ADndio |quote= |volume=Volume 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses|page=45|title=Os escravos em Évora no século XVI|author=Jorge Fonseca|isbn=9729696535|editor=|edition=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2qSNQnlQGcC&pg=PA103&dq=sul+portugal+chineses+escravos#v=onepage&q=sul%20portugal%20chineses%20escravos&f=false|title=Chòque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII|author=José Yamashiro|year=1989|publisher=IBRASA|page=103|isbn=85-348-1068-0|accessdate=14 July 2010}} 16. ^{{cite book|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1982|location=|language=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0TCPWGGVqgC&pg=PA168#v=onepage&q&f=false|quote= |volume=Volume 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society Hakluyt Society|page=168|title=A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555|isbn=0-521-23150-7|author=A. C. de C. M. Saunders|editor=|issue=|edition=illustrated|issn=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 17. ^{{cite book|publisher=Himalaya Pub. House|year=1992|location=|language=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHPaAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'&dq=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KokVU4npJqvh0wGdq4C4Dw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA|quote= |volume=|page=18|title=Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842|isbn=|author=Jeanette Pinto|editor=|issue=|edition=|issn=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} 18. ^{{cite book|publisher=Oxford U.P.|year=1968|location=|language=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUAsAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'&dq=Jean+Mocquet+in+his+book+Old+China+Hands+records+that+the+Portuguese+were+particularly+desirous+of+securing+Chinese+as+slaves,+since+'they+are+found+to+be+very+loyal,+intelligent+and+hard+working'&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KokVU4npJqvh0wGdq4C4Dw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ|quote= |volume=|page=225|title=Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770|isbn=|author=Charles Ralph Boxer|editor=|issue=|edition=2, illustrated, reprint|issn=|accessdate=2014-02-02}} External links
5 : Ethnic groups in Portugal|Indian diaspora by country|Indian diaspora in Europe|Immigration to Portugal|Portuguese people of Indian descent |
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