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词条 Indigenous Canadian personalities
释义

  1. Notable individuals

     First Nations  Inuit  Métis 

  2. See also

  3. Further reading

  4. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}{{About|individual Indigenous Canadians|Canadian Indigenous history and culture|Indigenous peoples in Canada}}{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Indigenous Canadian personalities
|image =




|caption = Demasduit{{·}}Robbie Robertson{{·}}Adam Beach
Crystle Lightning{{·}}Tahmoh Penikett{{·}}Shannon Baker
Michael Greyeyes{{·}}Jordin Tootoo{{·}}Buffy Sainte-Marie
Tagaq{{·}}Paul Okalik{{·}}Kenojuak Ashevak
Tony Whitford{{·}}Tom Jackson{{·}}Bryan Trottier
|
}}{{Indigenous Peoples of Canada}}

Over the course of centuries, many Indigenous Canadians have played a critical role in shaping the history of Canada. From art and music, to law and government, to sports and war; Indigenous customs and culture have had a strong influences on defining Canadian culture.[1][2][3] The Indspire Awards are the annual awards presented by Indspire, formerly the National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation.[4] The awards were first established in 1993 in conjunction with the United Nations declaring the 1990s "International Decade of the World's Indigenous peoples".[5] June 21 is Canada's National Aboriginal Day, in recognition of the cultural contributions made by Canada's indigenous population. The day was first celebrated in 1996 following Governor General of Canada Roméo LeBlanc's proclamation.[6]

1,172,790 million people reported having at least some Indigenous ancestry in 2006, representing 3.8% of the total Canadian population.[7] From 1981 to 2001, the percentage of Indigenous people who obtained college diplomas increased from 15.0 per cent to 22.0 per cent, while the percentage that obtained university degrees increased from 4.0 per cent to 6.0 per cent.[7] This compares with increases of 20.0 per cent to 25.0 per cent for non-Indigenous people obtaining college diplomas that is a narrow gap between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous population.[7] This is partly due to organizations that focus attention on the achievements and welfare of Indigenous Canadians like, Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, Native Women's Association of Canada, Aboriginal Curatorial Collective, National Aboriginal Health Organization, Metis Child and Family Services Society and Aboriginal Peoples Television Network.

Notable individuals

For additional Aboriginal leaders: List of Canadian Aboriginal leaders

First Nations

{{Further information|List of First Nations people}}

First Nation people have come from a diverse background of history, economy, culture and government. First Nations become active politicians in the Canadian government holding a sense of pride and patriotism towards the nation of Canada. First Nations also become politicians within their own well-defined First Nation government known as the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) which supported by its membership, land base and tribal councils[8]

Shanawdithit, born 1801, was the last recorded surviving member of the Beothuk people.[9] After Shanawdithit's death in 1829, the Beothuk people became officially extinct as a separate ethnic group.[10] Aatsista-Mahkan (Running Rabbit), became chief of the Siksika First Nation following the death of his father in 1871.[11] Aatsista-Mahkan was a signatory to Treaty 7, but he and his people continued living the plains Indian lifestyle following the bison until 1881.[11] The Siksika Nation was then forced to settle on a reserve {{convert|60|mi}} east of today's Calgary, Alberta.[15] Big Bear (mistahi-maskwa) was a Cree leader notable for his participation in the 1870 Battle of the Belly River. Following this, in 1873, Big Bear clashed with the Métis.[12] Francis Pegahmagabow was the First Nation soldier most highly decorated for bravery in Canadian military history and the most effective sniper of World War I.[13] Mary Greyeyes-Reid was the first First Nations woman to join the Canadian Forces.[14] Tommy Prince was one of Canada's most decorated First Nations soldiers, serving in World War II and the Korean War.[15] Mary John, Sr., CM was a leader of the Dakelh (Carrier) people and a social activist.[16] A story of her life is told in the book titled Stoney Creek Woman.[17] Ethel Blondin-Andrew, was a Canadian politician of Dene descent in the Northwest Territories and the first Indigenous woman to be elected to the Parliament of Canada.[18] Ovide Mercredi is a politician of Cree descent and a former national chief of the Assembly of First Nations.[19] Harold Cardinal was a Cree writer, political leader, teacher, negotiator and lawyer who demanded, on behalf of all First Nation peoples, the right to be "the red tile in the Canadian mosaic.[20] Skowkale lawyer and judge, Steven Point, OBC (Xwĕ lī qwĕl tĕl), was the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia from 2007 to 2012.[21] Harriet Nahanee was a civil rights activist, a Canadian residential school system survivor and environmentalist.[26] Nahanee was arrested and imprisoned in 2007 at the age of 71 for trying to protect Squamish Nation territory.[22] Theresa Spence a chief of the Attawapiskat First Nation is a prominent figure in the modern Attawapiskat housing and infrastructure crisis and Idle No More protest.[23][24]

The arts and entertainment venue has seen Indigenous peoples stand at the Oscars, an internationally prominent award ceremony such as Chief Dan George.[30] Dan George OC, was chief of the Tsleil-Waututh (Coast Salish) Nation, Academy Award-nominated actor and an author.[25] Adam Beach is an actor of Saulteaux descent from Dog Creek First Nations Reserve at Lake Manitoba.[26] Beach has acted in high-profile roles such as, Marine Private First Class Ira Hayes in Flags of Our Fathers, Private Ben Yazzie in Windtalkers, Chester Lake in Special Victims Unit and starred in Canadian television productions such as Arctic Air.[27] Lorne Cardinal of Cree descent, is noted for playing First Nations roles in many productions.[34] Cardinal most notable Canadian role was portraying character Davis Quinton on the Canadian television series Corner Gas.[28] Tantoo Cardinal is a Canadian film and television actress of Métis and Cree descent.[29]Graham Greene is an Academy Award–nominated Canadian actor from the Oneida tribe.[37] He was born in Ohsweken on the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario.[30]

Shania Twain is a country pop artist of partial Cree ancestry.[31] Shania Twain along with Alanis Morissette are the only Canadian musicians male or female to have sold over 2 million units in Canada, receiving the double diamond award.[32] Kashtin was a Canadian folk rock duo composed of Innu Claude McKenzie and Florent Vollant.[33] Robbie Robertson, Mohawk, musician, singer–songwriter, and guitarist is best known for his membership in The Band.[34] Norval Morrisseau, CM, or Copper Thunderbird, was an Anishinaabe artist known as the "Picasso of the North".[35] Bill Reid, OBC, was an artist who renewed interest in his heritage Haida art, with his sculpture and totem poles.[36]

In sports there are number of accomplished First Nations peoples such as Tom Longboat an Onondaga distance runner.[45] Longboat was inducted into both Canada's Sports Hall of Fame and the Indian Hall of Fame.[37] George "Chief" Armstrong was noted as an Irish-Algonquin, professional hockey player.[38] Ted Nolan, Ojibwe, Jack Adams Award winner, is a retired professional hockey left winger of the National Hockey League (NHL).[48] Nolan was the former Head Coach and Vice President of Hockey Operations for an American Hockey League (AHL) team.[39] Jonathan Cheechoo was the first member of the Moose Factory Cree Nation to play hockey for the Ottawa Senators of the NHL.[40][41] Of Cree heritage, Jon Mirasty, "Nasty Mirasty", is a popular enforcer in the AHL.[42]

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Inuit

{{See also|List of Canadian Inuit}}

Inuit serving in political roles have actively advocated in support of the Inuit community. The Inuit serve within a national political organisation known as the Inuit Tapirisat.[8] Abe Okpik CM, was instrumental in helping Inuit obtain surnames rather than disc numbers.[54] while Simonie Michael, the first Inuk to sit on what is now the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories was among the early Inuit leaders to call for an end to the disc numbers.[43] Kiviaq (David Ward) Inuit politician was the first Inuk to become a lawyer, and is responsible for several important advances in establishing the legal rights of the Inuit people.[44] In 2001, Kiviaq won the legal right to use his single-word Inuktitut name.[45] Peter Irniq a former Commissioner of Nunavut set up the offices of "the Official Languages, Access to Information and Conflict of Interest Commissioners".[58] Irniq also has encouraged the use of the Inuit language and the Inuit culture, referred to as Qaujimajatuqangit.[46] Sheila Watt-Cloutier, OC, is an Inuit political representative and activist at the regional, national and international levels.[60] Sheila has most recently working as International Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Council (formerly the Inuit Circumpolar Conference).[47] Nellie Cournoyea, OC, of Inupiat heritage served as the first female Premier of the Northwest Territories and the second female leader of an elected legislature in Canada.[48] Helen Maksagak, CM, a Copper Inuit, was the last Commissioner of the undivided NWT and first Commissioner of Nunavut.[49] Paul Okalik was the first Premier of Nunavut whose "dream was to help his people in their dealings with the Canadian justice system."[50] Ann Meekitjuk Hanson is the Commissioner of Nunavut as well as civil servant, broadcaster, journalist and author.[51]

Historically among the Inuit, Stephen Angulalik was an internationally known Ahiarmiut Inuit from northern Canada.[66] Angulalik was recognized as a Kitikmeot fur trader and trading post operator at Kuugjuaq (Perry River), NWT.[52] According to Royal Canadian Mounted Police Sergeant Henry Larsen by 1941, Angulalik and his third wife had raised 11 children.[53][54] Ebierbing, also known as "Eskimo Joe", was a guide and explorer.[70] Ebierbing was one of the most widely travelled Inuit in the 1860s and 1870s, he assisted Arctic explorers.[55] Peter Pitseolak was an Inuit photographer, artist and historian.[72] Pitseolak lived most of his life in traditional Inuit camps near Cape Dorset, on the southwest coast of Baffin Island, now in the Canadian territory of Nunavut.[56]

Kenojuak Ashevak, CC, is a noteworthy pioneer of modern Inuit art.[74] Born in an igloo in an Inuit camp in 1927, by the late 1950s Kenojuak became one of the first Inuit women in Cape Dorset to begin drawing.[74] She has since created many carvings from soapstone and thousands of drawings, etchings, stone-cuts, and prints – all sought after by museums and collectors.[57] Zacharias Kunuk, is a producer and director distinguished for his film The Fast Runner.[77] Atanarjuat was the first Canadian dramatic feature film produced completely in Inuktitut.[77] Atanarjuat is co-founder and president of Igloolik Isuma Productions, Canada's first independent Inuit production company.[58] Annabella Piugattuk is a throat singer, and actress memorable for her role in The Snow Walker.[59] Susan Aglukark is a three-time Juno winning musician, in 1995 for New Artist of the Year and Best Music of Aboriginal Canada.[81] In 2004 Susan won for Aboriginal Recording of the Year, with a blend of folk Inuit music, traditions with country and pop sounds.[60] Tanya Tagaq Gillis is an Inuit throat singer, who performs as a solo artist rather than part of a traditional duo.[61] Charlie Panigoniak is a country singer-songwriter and guitarist whose albums reflect on northern life.[62] Lucie Idlout is a rock singer who writes songs that called attention to the issue of domestic violence in Canada.[63] Jessie Oonark was an internationally renowned artist who was elected a Member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts and made an Officer of the Order of Canada.[64] Alootook Ipellie was an illustrator and writer who told the stories of the Inuit people in print.[65] Natar Ungalaaq is an actor, filmmaker, and sculptor whose artwork is in many major Inuit art collections worldwide.[66] In sports, Jordin Tootoo is the first Inuk athlete to become a professional ice hockey player playing with the NHL.[67]

Métis

{{See also|List of Métis people}}

The life and times of celebrated Métis people includes military figures, entrepreneurs and sports professionals. Historically, William Kennedy was an Arctic explorer and, in 1851, commander of the second of four expeditions sponsored by Lady Franklin to find her husband, Sir John Franklin.[68] Gabriel Dumont brought Louis Riel back to Canada, in order to pressure the Canadian authorities to pay attention to the troubles of the Métis people. Louis Riel was a founder of the province of Manitoba, and leader of the Métis people of the Canadian Prairies.[69] He led two rebellions against the Canadian government and its first post-Confederation Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald; the Red River Rebellion of 1869–1870[70] and the North-West Rebellion of 1885 which ended in his trial.[71] Dumont would serve under Riel as adjutant general in the provisional Métis government declared in Saskatchewan in 1885. Dumont then commanded the Métis forces in the North-West Rebellion. Elzéar Goulet was a Métis leader in the Red River Settlement, supporter of Louis Riel's provisional government and namesake of Winnipeg's Elzéar Goulet Memorial Park.[72] Charles Nolin was a Métis farmer and active political organiser who equivocated between religion and political support of the North-West Rebellion and his first cousin Louis Riel.[73][74] John Bruce was the first president of the Métis provisional government and fought at the Red River Settlement during the Red River Rebellion of 1869.[75]

The Métis National Council is a national political organisation supported with provincial associations and local communities.[8] Activists for the Métis community include Pearl Calahasen who was the first Métis woman elected to public office in Alberta and Associate Minister of Aboriginal Affairs.[76] Senator Thelma Chalifoux was the first female Métis to receive the National Aboriginal Achievement Award.[77] Blanche Brillon Macdonald was an entrepreneur and activist who developed the "Blanche Macdonald Centre".[78] Suzanne Rochon-Burnett, CM, O.Ont was a businesswoman and a founder of the Métis Nation of Ontario.[79]

Métis traditional culture is portrayed in arts and entertainment by artists beginning with Christi Belcourt.[103] Christi a painter, craftsperson, and writer is preeminently known for her acrylic paintings that depict floral patterns.[103] This patterns are inspired by Métis and First Nations historical beadwork art.[80] Laura de Jonge is a family advocate, corporate social responsibility practitioner, filmmaker and magazine founder.[81] George R. D. Goulet is a best-selling author whose works include several titles about the Métis.[82] Tom Jackson has starred in TV shows such as North of 60 and Shining Time Station.[108] Jackson has also released several albums of country and folk music.[83] Douglas Cardinal, OC, from Calgary is a renowned architect.[110] Born of Métis and Blackfoot heritage, Cardinal is famous for flowing architecture marked with smooth lines, influenced by his Indigenous heritage as well as European Expressionist architecture.[84]

Well known Métis sports figures include Bryan Trottier.[112] Trottier is a retired Canadian American professional ice hockey centre Hall of Fame award recipient who played 18 seasons in the NHL.[85] Wade Redden is a professional ice hockey NHL defenceman and an alternate captain.[114] Redden has won two Canadian gold medals in the World Junior Championships and once in the World Cup of Hockey.[86] Rene Bourque is a professional ice hockey player in the NHL and first cousin of North American Native Boxing Champion Wayne Bourque.[87]

Wayne Bourque has been the North American Native boxing champion three times.[88] Sharon Bruneau is a professional female bodybuilder and fitness competitor.[89]

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See also

{{Portal|Aboriginal peoples in Canada|History of Canada}}
  • Juno Award for Aboriginal Recording of the Year
  • List of indigenous artists of the Americas
  • List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin
  • List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
  • Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)

Further reading

1. ^{{cite web |title=Culture Areas Index|work=Canadian Museum of Civilization|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0170e.shtml| accessdate =16 October 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091020033621/http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0170e.shtml| archivedate= October 20, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
2. ^{{cite web|last=Newhouse|first=David|url=http://www.cst.ed.ac.uk/2005conference/papers/Newhouse_paper.pdf|format=pdf|title=Hidden in Plain Sight Aboriginal Contributions to Canada and Canadian Identity Creating a new Indian Problem|work=Centre of Canadian Studies, University of Edinburgh|accessdate=17 October 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723221908/http://www.cst.ed.ac.uk/2005conference/papers/Newhouse_paper.pdf|archivedate=July 23, 2011|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.saskschools.ca/~sss_seahawk/aboriginal/welcome.htm |title=A VIRTUAL TOUR OF FIRST NATION CULTURE IN CANADA |work=Saskatchewan Schools and School Divisions| accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naaf.ca/about_naaf|title=About Indspire (formerly the National Aboriginal Achievement Awards) |accessdate=2 December 2009}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/indigenous/ |title=International Day of the World's Indigenous People – 9 August |work=United Nations – Saturday, October 17, 2009 |accessdate=17 October 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124031908/http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/indigenous/ |archivedate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/ev/nad/index-eng.asp|work= Indian and Northern Affairs |title= National Aboriginal Day – June 21 – Share in the Celebration!| accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Aboriginal share of total population on the rise |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/abor/canada.cfm|publisher=Statistics Canada |date= 1901–2001|accessdate=2 December 2009}}
8. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvNU8oTE-NAC&pg=PA1&dq=people+of+Canada&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=people%20of%20Canada&f=false| last = Anderson| first = Robert Brent | title = Economic development among the aboriginal peoples of Canada: hope for the future|edition= illustrated|publisher= Captus Press|year= 1999|isbn=978-1-896691-56-5 | pages = 6 |accessdate=5 November 2009 }}
9. ^{{cite news | title = Biography: Shanawdithit | work = Discovery Collegiate High School Bonavista, Newfoundland | publisher = K-12 school Web pages in Newfoundland and Labrador. | url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-35523808_ITM | accessdate =16 October 2009| date=September 1, 2008}}
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckOav3Szu7oC&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq=at+the+time+the+population+of+the+Beothuk+was+dwindling&source=bl&ots=Vn2BLQkESz&sig=Ql2HbU6qR9lSYM5HnhrYsyTCrBA&hl=en&ei=Xzr6So6KHIGXtgeLy5inCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=at%20the%20time%20the%20population%20of%20the%20Beothuk%20was%20dwindling&f=false|title=A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk|first=Ingeborg|last=Marshall|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP|date= June 2, 1998|isbn=0-7735-1774-X|format=Google books| accessdate =October 16, 2009 }}
11. ^1 {{cite web | title = Running Rabbit | publisher = Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online | year = 2000 | url = http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=7165 | accessdate =18 October 2009 }}
12. ^1 {{cite web | title = MISTAHIMASKWA | publisher = Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online | year = 2000 | url = http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5713 | accessdate =18 October 2009 }}
13. ^{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Brownlie|first=Robin | authorlink = | title = A Fatherly Eye: Indian Agents, Government Power, and Aboriginal Resistance in Ontario, 1918–1939|edition=2003|year=2003| publisher = University of Toronto Press| isbn= 978-0-19-541784-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sF5Cey6p-bcC&lpg=PP1&ots=fc9--t-IPz&dq=A%20Fatherly%20Eye%3A%20Indian%20Agents%2C%20Government%20Power%2C%20and%20Aboriginal%20Resistance%20in%20Ontario%2C%201918%E2%80%931939&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q&f=true }}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.forces.ca/en/page/aboriginals-93#aproudhistory-2 | title=Aboriginal Programs, A Proud History | publisher=Canadian Forces | accessdate=January 25, 2013}}
15. ^{{cite book|author=Jeremy Mallenby|title=Essays in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9qOdk1499YC&pg=PA70|accessdate=January 20, 2013|year=2007|publisher=Firstchoicebooks|isbn=978-0-9780593-1-6|pages=70–}}
16. ^{{cite book |last=Moran |first=Bridget |year= 1989 |title=Stoney Creek Woman: The Story of Mary John|publisher= Arsenal Pulp Press|isbn= 1-55152-047-8}}
17. ^{{cite web | title = Biographies | publisher = Yinka Déné Language Institute | year = 2006 | url = http://www.ydli.org/cultinfo/bios.htm#maryjohnsr | accessdate =16 October 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091124173040/http://www.ydli.org/cultinfo/bios.htm| archivedate= November 24, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
18. ^{{cite web | title = Member of Parliament Profile (Historical) | work = Parliament of Canada | publisher = Government of Canada | date = October 2, 2009 | url = http://webinfo.parl.gc.ca/MembersOfParliament/ProfileMP.aspx?Key=56339&Language=E | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
19. ^{{cite web | title = Ovide Mercredi installed as chancellor of Manitoba's newest university | publisher = CBC News | date = November 7, 2007 | url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2007/11/07/mercredi-chancellor.html | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
20. ^{{cite web | last = Getty | first = Ian A L | title = Cardinal, Harold | work = The Canadian Encyclopedia > Biography > Native Political Leaders > Cardinal, Harold | publisher = Historica-Dominion | year = 2009 | url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/harold-cardinal/ | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
21. ^{{cite web |title=Office of the Lieutenant Governor Biography |publisher=Office of the Lieutenant Governor |year=2007 |url=http://www.ltgov.bc.ca/ltgov/biography.htm |accessdate=16 October 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005232551/http://www.ltgov.bc.ca/ltgov/biography.htm |archivedate=October 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
22. ^1 {{cite web | title = First Nations elder Harriet Nahanee (1935–2007) | publisher = Institute for the History of Science | year = 2008 | url = http://www.firstnations.de/development.htm | accessdate =18 October 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091026085724/http://www.firstnations.de/development.htm| archivedate= October 26, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/1305420|title=Why ‘Idle No More’ is gaining strength, and why all Canadians should care|author=Jeff Denis |date=December 20, 2012|accessdate=3 December 2012|work=Toronto Star}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/story/2011/12/01/attawapiskat-thursday.html|title=Attawapiskat crisis sparks political blame game|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=December 1, 2011|accessdate=26 December 2012|work=CBC News}}
25. ^1 {{cite web | title = Chief Dan George – Words of courage and wisdom. | publisher = Spirit Voices | date = 1997–1998 | url = http://thegoldweb.com/voices/chiefgeorge.htm | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
26. ^{{cite news | url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/B/Beach_Adam/2002/06/11/756609.html | title=The hot Beach | publisher=Canoe | first=Liz | last=Braun | accessdate=11 November 2009 | date=June 11, 2002 }}
27. ^{{cite web |title = 'Adam Beach' Northern Stars |publisher = northernstars.ca |year = 2007 |url = http://www.northernstars.ca/actorsabc/beach_adambio.html |accessdate = 16 October 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100205040849/http://www.northernstars.ca/actorsabc/beach_adambio.html |archivedate = February 5, 2010 |df = }}
28. ^1 {{cite web | title = Corner Gas Online :: Who's Who | work = Lorne Cardinal as Davis Quinton | publisher = Pants Online Inc | year = 2009 | url = http://www.cornergas.com/whoswho/?bio=5 | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
29. ^{{IMDb name|id=0001987|name=Tantoo Cardinal}} Retrieved 3 October 2009.
30. ^1 {{IMDb name|id=0001295|name=Graham Greene}} Retrieved 3 October 2009.
31. ^{{Citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qY5T83wF3zA |title=YouTube – Interview (Tore På Sporet, Norway) |via=YouTube |accessdate=October 1, 2009}}
32. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.cria.ca/cert.php| title= Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Certification Definitions| publisher= Cria.ca| date= May 1, 2008| accessdate= 18 October 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091124091223/http://www.cria.ca/cert.php| archivedate= November 24, 2009| deadurl= yes| df= }}
33. ^{{cite web | title = Kashtin | work = Encyclopedia of Music in Canada > Pop Groups | publisher = Historica-Dominion | year = 2009 | url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/kashtin-emc/ | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
34. ^{{cite web | last = Ankeny | first = Jason | title = Robbie Robertson | publisher = AllMusic | url = {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5287/biography|pure_url=yes}} | accessdate =10 November 2009 }}
35. ^{{cite web | title = Norval Morrisseau | publisher =Coghlan Art 2001 | year = 2001 | url = http://www.coghlanart.com/norval.htm | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
36. ^{{cite web | title = The Life and Legend of Bill Reid | work = Arts and Entertainment, Sculpture | publisher = CBC Archives | year = 2009 | url = http://archives.cbc.ca/arts_entertainment/sculpture/topics/1273/ | accessdate = 16 October 2009}}
37. ^1 {{cite web | title = Runner: Tom Longboat – Veterans Affairs Canada | work = Canada Remembers " History " Other Stories " Native Soldiers | publisher = Government of Canada | date = June 30, 2005 | url =http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history/other/native/longboat | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
38. ^{{cite web | title = George Armstrong Biography | work=Kevin Shea | publisher = Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum | url = http://www.hhof.com/legendsofhockey/html/spot_oneononep197501.htm | accessdate =10 November 2009 }}
39. ^1 {{cite web | title = Legends of Hockey – NHL Player Search – Player – Ted Nolan | publisher = Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum | date = 2001–2008 | url = http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=13859 | accessdate = 16 October 2009}}
40. ^{{cite web | title = Jonathan Cheechoo | publisher = hockeyDB.com. | year = 2008 | url = http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=31215 | accessdate =16 October 2009 }}
41. ^{{cite web|title=Jonathan Cheechoo | publisher = JonathanCheechoo.info | url = http://www.jonathancheechoo.info/ | accessdate =16 October 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091018061949/http://www.jonathancheechoo.info/| archivedate= October 18, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
42. ^{{cite web | title = Jon Mirasty | publisher = hockeyDB.com. | year = 2008 | url = http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=55477 | accessdate =2 October 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091116041634/http://hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=55477| archivedate= November 16, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
43. ^1 {{cite web | last = Hanson | first = Ann Meekitjuk | title = Nunavut 99 – What's in a Name? Names, as well as events, mark the road to Nunavut | publisher = Nunavut.com | url = http://www.nunavut.com/nunavut99/english/name.html | accessdate = 3 October 2009}}
44. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0CUU3ZKMpkC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=Kiviaq+(David+Ward)++inuit&source=bl&ots=mdO3fOTB8f&sig=KXi7p6jf21tOX4sfoP945ylHnqg&hl=en&ei=JEb6SuP3C9HglAfJpsy6Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Kiviaq%20(David%20Ward)%20%20inuit&f=false|title=Names and Nunavut: culture and identity in Arctic Canada|work=Valerie Alia|pages= 116–118|format=Google books| accessdate = 10 November 2009| isbn=978-1-84545-165-3| year=2007| publisher=Berghahn Books}}
45. ^{{cite web | title = Kiviaq versus Canada film by Zacharias Kunuk Produced by Katarina Soukup | publisher = Isuma Distribution International Inc. | year = 2006 | url =http://www.isuma.ca/Press_kits/Kiviaq_PressKit.pdf | format = pdf | accessdate = 3 October 2009}}
46. ^1 {{cite web |last=Gurston |first=Dacks |title=Irniq, Peter |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia > Biography > Commissioners |publisher=Historica-Dominion |year=2009 |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009633 |accessdate=3 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192358/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009633 |archivedate=June 8, 2011 |df= }}
47. ^1 {{cite web | title = Sheila Watt-Cloutier – Canadian Environment Awards Citation of Lifetime Achievement network | publisher = Canadian Geographic | year = 2006 | url = http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/cea/archives/archives_lifetime.asp?id=159 | accessdate = 3 October 2009}}
48. ^{{cite web | title = Inuit Congratulate Nellie Cournoyea For Induction into Aboriginal Business Hall of Fame | publisher = Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami | date = February 19, 2008 | url = http://www.itk.ca/media-centre/media-releases/inuit-congratulate-nellie-cournoyea-induction-aboriginal-business-hall-f | accessdate =3 October 2009 }}
49. ^{{cite web |title = Backgrounder – Biography of Mrs. Helen Maksagak – Nunavut Deputy Commissioner |work = About INAC > Media Room > 2005 News Releases > |publisher = Indian and Northern Affairs Canada |date = November 4, 2008 |url = http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ai/mr/nr/s-d2005/02732bk-eng.asp |accessdate = 3 October 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120402184331/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/aiarch/mr/nr/s-d2005/02732bk-eng.asp |archivedate = April 2, 2012 |df = }}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Premier Paul Okalik |publisher=Canadian Council on Learning (CCL) |date=March 8, 2007 |url=http://www.ccl-cca.ca/CCL/Newsroom/Profiles/PILPaulOkalik.htm |accessdate=3 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305011225/http://www.ccl-cca.ca/CCL/Newsroom/Profiles/PILPaulOkalik.htm |archivedate=March 5, 2010 }}
51. ^{{cite web |last=Snyder |first=Lorraine |title=Hanson, Ann Meekitjuk |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia > Biography > Commissioners |publisher=Historica-Dominion |year=2009 |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009791 |accessdate=3 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192526/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009791 |archivedate=June 8, 2011 |df= }}
52. ^1 {{cite web | title = Kitikmeot Heritage Society – Angulalik Kitikmeot Fur Trader | work = Virtual Museum of Canada | publisher = Kitikmeot Heritage Society | url = http://www.kitikmeotheritage.ca/Angulalk/family/family.htm | accessdate =10 March 2009 }}
53. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kitikmeotheritage.ca/Angulalk/anglinuk/perryriv/perryriv.htm|title=Perry River Post|publisher=Kitikmeot Heritage Society 2003. Virtual exhibition by Canadian Heritage|accessdate=18 October 2009}}
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56. ^1 {{cite web | title = Peter Pitseolak (1902–1973) | publisher = Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation | url = http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etp0300e.shtml | accessdate =18 October 2009 }}
57. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = Kenojuak Ashevak | publisher = Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art | url = http://www.ccca.ca/cv/english/ashevak-cv.html | accessdate = 3 October 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091103112315/http://www.ccca.ca/cv/english/ashevak-cv.html| archivedate= November 3, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
58. ^1 2 {{cite web | authors=Interview by Michelle Svenson, Film and Video Specialist, NMAI | title = Zacharias Kunuk Interview – Native Networks | publisher = Smithsonian Institution | date = April 1, 2002 | url = http://www.nativenetworks.si.edu/eng/rose/kunuk_z_interview.htm | accessdate = 3 October 2009}}
59. ^{{cite web | title = Annabella Piugattuk bio | publisher = Tribute Entertainment Media Group | date = October 3, 2009 | url = http://www.tribute.ca/people/Annabella+Piugattuk/12060 | accessdate =3 October 2009 }}
60. ^1 {{cite web|title=Biography: Susan Aglukark A Leading Voice in Canadian Music |publisher=First Nations Drum |url=http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/biography/wint00_aglukark.htm |accessdate=3 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510085117/http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/biography/wint00_aglukark.htm |archivedate=May 10, 2009 }}
61. ^{{cite web | title = Tanya Tagaq Gillis | publisher = Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art-Centre de l'art contemporain canadien | url = http://www.ccca.ca/inuit/english/tanya.html?languagePref=en& | accessdate =13 October 2009 }}
62. ^{{cite web | last = Whidden | first = Lynn | title = Panigoniak, Charlie | work = The Canadian Encyclopedia | publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada | year = 2009 | url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/charlie-panigoniak-emc/ | accessdate = 3 October 2009}}
63. ^{{cite news | last = Rayner | first = Ben | title = Music Lucie Idlout: true grit from Canada's far north Tough singer toned down the fire for a more accessible second CD | date = February 19, 2009 | url = https://www.thestar.com/Entertainment/article/589749 | accessdate = 3 October 2009| location=Toronto| work=The Star}}
64. ^{{cite web|last=Lindeman |first=Lenore |title=Artist profile: Jessie Oonark (Baker Lake) |publisher=The University of Lethbridge Art Gallery |year=1999 |url=http://www.uleth.ca/artgallery/TWAM/vr1/BioOonark.htm |accessdate=3 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804204409/http://www.uleth.ca/artgallery/TWAM/vr1/BioOonark.htm |archivedate=August 4, 2007 }}
65. ^{{cite web | title = Biography – Alootook Ipellie | url = http://www.ipellie.com/index.html | accessdate = 3 October 2009}}
66. ^{{IMDb name|id=0881081|name=Natar Ungalaaq}} Retrieved 3 October 2009.
67. ^{{cite web | title =Profile: Who is Jordin Tootoo? | work = In Depth: Aboriginal Canadians | publisher = CBC News | date = November 17, 2005 | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aboriginals/tootoo_jordin.html | accessdate = 13 October 2009}}
68. ^{{cite web | last = Shaw | first = Edward C | title = MHS Transactions: Captain William Kennedy, An Extraordinary Canadian | publisher = Manitoba Historical Society | date = January 15, 2009 | url = http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/kennedy_w.shtml | accessdate =5 October 2009 }}
69. ^{{cite web | publisher =A database of materials held by the University of Saskatchewan Libraries and the University Archives | title =Louis Riel | url =http://library2.usask.ca/northwest/background/riel.htm | accessdate = 23 September 2007 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070925032219/http://library2.usask.ca/northwest/background/riel.htm| archivedate= September 25, 2007 | deadurl= no}}
70. ^{{cite web | last = Ricketts | first =Bruce | title =Louis Riel – Martyr, hero or traitor? | year =1998–2007 | url =http://www.mysteriesofcanada.com/Canada/riel.htm | accessdate = 23 September 2007 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071011193539/http://mysteriesofcanada.com/Canada/riel.htm| archivedate= October 11, 2007 | deadurl= no}}
71. ^{{cite web | last =The Canadian Encyclopedia | author-link =The Canadian Encyclopedia | first =Historica Foundation of Canada. | title =Riel, Louis | year =2007 | url =http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006837 | accessdate = 23 September 2007 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071011223945/http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006837| archivedate= October 11, 2007 | deadurl= no}}
72. ^{{cite web|last=Goulet |first=Elzear |author2=Larry Haag |title=Elzear Goulet |work=Buffalo Trails & Tales |publisher=Metis Culture & Heritage Resource Centre |url=http://www.metisresourcecentre.mb.ca/bios/e_gouletr.htm |accessdate=5 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201070822/http://metisresourcecentre.mb.ca/bios/e_gouletr.htm |archivedate=February 1, 2009 }}
73. ^{{cite web | title = Charles Nolin (1823–1907) | publisher =Manitoba Historical Society | date = 1998–2009 | url = http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/nolin_c.shtml | accessdate = 5 October 2009}}
74. ^{{cite DCB |first=Diane P. |last=Payment | title =Nolin, Charles | volume=13 | url =http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/nolin_charles_13E.html | accessdate = 5 October 2009}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?BioId=40117|title=BRUCE (Brousse), JOHN|publisher=University of Toronto|work =Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online – 1891–1900 (Volume XII) Leading contributors in political| accessdate = 5 October 2009}}
76. ^{{cite web | title = Pearl Calahasen – Legislative Assembly of Alberta | publisher = Legislative Assembly of Alberta | date =September 3, 2008 | url = https://www.assembly.ab.ca/net/index.aspx?p=mla_bio&rnumber=63 | accessdate =5 October 2009 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091030180518/https://www.assembly.ab.ca/net/index.aspx?p=mla_bio&rnumber=63| archivedate= October 30, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
77. ^{{cite web | last = Lusty | first = Terry | title = Thelma Chalifoux | publisher = Heritage Community Foundation | url = http://www.abheritage.ca/albertans/profile/thelma_chalifoux.html | accessdate = 5 October 2009}}
78. ^{{cite web | last = Brissenden | first = Constance|title=The History of Metropolitan Vancouver's Hall of Fame |author2= Larry Loyie | publisher = The History of Metropolitan Vancouver | url = http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/whoswho_M.htm | accessdate =4 October 2009}}
79. ^{{cite web|title=The MNO Métis Voyageur News Our Heroes |publisher=the Métis Nation of Ontario |year=2006 |url=http://www.metisnation.org/voyageur/hereos/suzanne_rochon_burnett.html |accessdate=5 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924060154/http://www.metisnation.org/voyageur/hereos/suzanne_rochon_burnett.html |archivedate=September 24, 2009 }}
80. ^1 2 {{cite web | last = Hunnie | first = C | title =Christi Belcourt Expression of Nature | publisher =Aboriginal Boreal Conservation Leaders | date = 2007–2008 | url = http://www.abcleaders.org/stories/230/christi-belcourt | accessdate = 5 October 2009}}
81. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsr.ca/about-cbsr/our-board/laura-dejonge |title=CBSR Board Profile of Laura de Jonge |accessdate=3 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706171546/http://www.cbsr.ca/about-cbsr/our-board/laura-dejonge |archivedate=July 6, 2011 |df= }}
82. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nationtalk.ca/modules/news/article.php?storyid=14030&keywords=nan |title=BC150 Initiative |accessdate=9 February 2011}}
83. ^1 {{cite web | last = Brown | first = Jane | title = Aboriginal Faces of Saskatchewan – Tom Jackson | work = Saskatchewan Sage – April 1998 – pg. 6 | publisher = Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre | url = http://www.sicc.sk.ca/faces/mjackto.htm | accessdate =5 October 2009 }}
84. ^1 {{cite web | title = Douglas Cardinal: an original vision | work = By Nan Griffiths | publisher =Canada Council for the Arts | year = 2004 | url = http://www.canadacouncil.ca/prizes/ggavma/xh127240204281875000.htm?subsiteurl=%2Fcanadacouncil%2Farchives%2Fprizes%2Fggvma%2F2001%2F2001-01-e.asp| accessdate =18 October 2009 }}
85. ^1 {{cite web | title =Legends of Hockey – The Legends – Honoured Player – Trottier, Bryan | work =Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum | publisher =The Learning Edge Corporation | date = 2001–2007 | url =http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?type=Player&mem=P199702&list=ByName#photo | accessdate = 15 November 2007 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071026021621/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?type=Player&mem=P199702&list=ByName| archivedate= October 26, 2007 | deadurl= no}}
86. ^1 Wade Redden {{hockeydb|14466}} Retrieved 3 October 2009.
87. ^René Bourque {{hockeydb|54761}} Retrieved 3 October 2009.
88. ^{{cite web |title=Boxing " Wood Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame Society |publisher=Wood Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame Society |year=2003 |url=http://woodbuffalosports.com/home/boxing |accessdate=5 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907111702/http://woodbuffalosports.com/home/boxing |archivedate=September 7, 2009 |df= }}
89. ^Sharon Bruneau {{IMDb name|id=0116096}} Retrieved 2 October 2009.

External links

{{Commons category|Aboriginal peoples of Canada}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081105063337/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/English/Teacher/aboriginal_people.html Aboriginal Art, Culture and Other Traditions.] – Virtual Museum of Canada
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100208214231/http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/en/index.html Aboriginal Canada Portal] – Government of Canada
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110613192303/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/cr/pubs/mus-eng.pdf (pdf) First Nations Music in Canada] – Indian and Northern Affairs Canada –
  • First Peoples – Canadian Museum of Civilization
  • (formerly the National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation) – Indspire Awards (formerly the National Aboriginal Achievement Awards)
  • Native Dance – Department of Canadian Heritage
{{Navboxes|list ={{People of Canada}}{{Canadian Aboriginal case law}}{{Aboriginal Orgs Canada}}{{Indigenous peoples by continent}}}}

3 : Indigenous peoples in Canada|Lists of Canadian people|Indigenous peoples in Canada-related lists
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