| 词条 | Joseph Johann von Littrow |
| 释义 |
| name = Joseph von Littrow | image = Joseph Johann von Littrow.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Portrait of Joseph Johann von Littrow (1781–1840) from his 1836 book Physische Astronomie (Physical Astronomy). | birth_date = {{birth date|1781|3|13|df=y}} | birth_place = Horšovský Týn, Bohemia | death_date = {{death date and age|1840|11|30|1781|3|13|df=y}} | death_place = Vienna, Austria | residence = Bohemia Austria | nationality = Austrian | fields = Astronomer | workplaces = Krakau University Kazan University Vienna Observatory Buda Observatory University of Vienna | alma_mater = Charles University | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = Nikolai Brashman Ivan Simonov | notable_students = | known_for = Littrow projection | awards = | footnotes = Note that he was the father of Karl Ludwig von Littrow and Heinrich von Littrow. He was the father-in-law of Auguste von Littrow. }} Joseph Johann von Littrow (13 March 1781, Horšovský Týn ({{lang-de|Bischofteinitz}}) – 30 November 1840, Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer. In 1837, he was ennobled with the title Joseph Johann Edler von Littrow. He was the father of Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow and the mentor of the mathematician Nikolai Brashman.[1] His work took him to Russia for a time, which is where his son who succeeded him was born. He became director of the Vienna Observatory in 1819. He served in this position until his death in 1840. He created the only conformal retroazimuthal map projection, which is known as the Littrow projection. Von Littrow is known for inventions in optics, including the Littrow prism, as well as the Littrow mount or Littrow configuration, which is a common way of orienting a blazed diffraction grating in a spectrometer or monochromator for high-throughput performance.[2] Von Littrow is often associated with a proposal to dig a large circular canal in the Sahara desert and fill it with burning kerosene, thus communicating the fact of human intelligence to aliens who may be observing earth.[2] However, Von Littrow's connection with this scheme may be apocryphal.[2][3] The crater Littrow on the Moon is named in his honor. He is the great-great-great-grandfather of Roman Catholic Cardinal Christoph Schönborn. Timeline
References1. ^{{MathGenealogy|id=12540}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Fundamentals of Micro-Optics |last=Zappe |first=Hans |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |ISBN=978-0-521-89542-2 |page=298}} 3. ^The Internet Encyclopedia of Science External links{{Commons category}}
7 : Austrian astronomers|Bohemian nobility|Austrian people of German Bohemian descent|People from Horšovský Týn|People from Domažlice District|1781 births|1840 deaths |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。