| 词条 | Joseph Kruskal |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Joseph Kruskal | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date |1928|01|29}} | birth_place = New York City | death_date = {{death date and age |2010|09|19 |1928|01|29}} | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = University of Chicago Princeton University | thesis_title = The Theory of Well-Partially-Ordered Sets | thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/title/theory-of-well-partially-ordered-sets/oclc/836500693 | thesis_year = 1954 | doctoral_advisors = Roger Lyndon Paul Erdős | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Kruskal's algorithm Kruskal's tree theorem Kruskal–Katona theorem | influences = | influenced = | awards = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Joseph Bernard Kruskal, Jr. ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|ʌ|s|k|əl}}; January 29, 1928 – September 19, 2010) was an American mathematician, statistician, computer scientist and psychometrician. Personal lifeKruskal was born to a Jewish family[1] in New York City to a successful fur wholesaler, Joseph B. Kruskal, Sr. His mother, Lillian Rose Vorhaus Kruskal Oppenheimer, became a noted promoter of Origami during the early era of television. Kruskal had two notable brothers, Martin David Kruskal, co-inventor of solitons and of surreal numbers, and William Kruskal who developed the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. One of Joseph Kruskal's nephews is computer scientist Clyde Kruskal. Education and careerHe was a student at the University of Chicago earning a bachelor of science in mathematics in the year of 1948, and a master of science in mathematics in the following year 1949.[2] After his time at the University of Chicago Kruskal attended Princeton University, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1954, nominally under Albert W. Tucker and Roger Lyndon,{{citation needed|reason=MGP gives Lyndon and Erdős as official advisors; while blog.computationalcomplexity.org doesn't mention Tucker, or deny Erdős' official advisory role.|date=September 2016}} but de facto under Paul Erdős with whom he had two very short conversations.[3] Kruskal has worked on well-quasi-orderings[4][5] and multidimensional scaling. He was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, former president of the Psychometric Society, and former president of the Classification Society of North America. He also initiated and was first president of the Fair Housing Council of South Orange and Maplewood in 1963, and actively supported civil rights in several other organizations such as CORE.[6] He worked at Bell Labs from 1959 to 1993.[7] ResearchIn statistics, Kruskal's most influential work is his seminal contribution to the formulation of multidimensional scaling. In computer science, his best known work is Kruskal's algorithm for computing the minimal spanning tree (MST) of a weighted graph. The algorithm first orders the edges by weight and then proceeds through the ordered list adding an edge to the partial MST provided that adding the new edge does not create a cycle. Minimal spanning trees have applications to the construction and pricing of communication networks. In combinatorics, he is known for Kruskal's tree theorem (1960), which is also interesting from a mathematical logic perspective since it can only be proved nonconstructively. Kruskal also applied his work in linguistics, in an experimental lexicostatistical study of Indo-European languages, together with the linguists Isidore Dyen and Paul Black. Their database is still widely used. Concepts named after Joseph Kruskal
References1. ^American Jewish Archives: "Two Baltic Families Who Came to America The Jacobsons and the Kruskals, 1870-1970" by RICHARD D. BROWN January 24, 1972 2. ^{{cite web|author1=J J O'Connor|author2=E F Robertson|title=Kruskal Joseph biography - University of St Andrews|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kruskal_Joseph.html|website=University of St Andrews|accessdate=2 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707154900/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kruskal_Joseph.html|archivedate=7 July 2015|language=English|quote=He was awarded a BS in 1948 and an MS in 1949 by Chicago.}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2008/11/reflection-on-old-days-by-joseph.html|title=Reflection on the old days- by Joseph Kruskal|website=blog.computationalcomplexity.org}} 4. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.ams.org/journals/tran/1960-095-02/S0002-9947-1960-0111704-1/S0002-9947-1960-0111704-1.pdf | author=J.B. Kruskal | title=Well-Quasi-Ordering, the Tree Theorem, and Vazsonyi's Conjecture | journal=Transactions of the American Mathematical Society | volume=95 | number=2 | pages=210–225 | date=May 1960 | doi=10.2307/1993287}} www.cs.tau.ac.il 5. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0097316572900635/pdf?md5=a39699b53197ec7fbf00646c064c1140&pid=1-s2.0-0097316572900635-main.pdf | author=Joseph B. Kruskal | title=The Theory of Well-Quasi-Ordering: A Frequently Discovered Concept | journal=Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A | volume=13 | pages=297–305 | year=1972 | doi=10.1016/0097-3165(72)90063-5}} www.cs.tau.ac.il 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crmvet.org/nars/orallist.htm|title=Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- List of Oral Histories|website=www.crmvet.org}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://paw.princeton.edu/issues/2011/04/27/sections/memorials/2675/index.xml?char=k|title=Joseph B. Kruskal Jr. *54|date=21 January 2016|publisher=}} External links{{commons category|Joseph Kruskal (mathematician)}}
13 : 20th-century American mathematicians|21st-century American mathematicians|Jewish American scientists|American statisticians|University of Chicago alumni|Princeton University alumni|Scientists at Bell Labs|1928 births|2010 deaths|Fellows of the American Statistical Association|Scientists from New York City|Mathematicians from New York (state)|Combinatorialists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。