1. History

2. Contemporary situation

3. Major information technology hubs
    Bangalore  Chandigarh  Hyderabad  Kolkata  Pune  Chennai  Gujarat  Mumbai and Navi Mumbai  National Capital Region 

4. Employment generation

5. See also

6. References
    Sources 

History

India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of the Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs.^[6] The first software export zone, SEEPZ – the precursor to the modern-day IT park – was established in Mumbai in 1973. More than 80 percent of the country's software exports were from SEEPZ in the 1980s.^[7]

The Indian economy underwent major economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration, and annual economic growth of over 6% from 1993–2002. The new administration under Sri Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Posthumus) (who was Prime Minister from 1998–2004) placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities and formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.

Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development:

Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1994.^[8] Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991:

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991, the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.

"The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999" (NTP 1999) helped further liberalise India's telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act, 2000 created legal procedures for electronic transactions and e-commerce.

A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to further promote joint research and development. On 25 June 2002, India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. India holds observer status at CERN, while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center will be located in Bangalore.^[9]

Contemporary situation

In the contemporary world economy India is the largest exporter of IT. Exports dominate the Indian IT industry and constitute about 79% of the industry's total revenue. However, the domestic market is also significant, with robust revenue growth.^[2] The industry’s share of total Indian exports (merchandise plus services) increased from less than 4% in FY1998 to about 25% in FY2012. The technologically-inclined services sector in India accounts for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce, according to Sharma (2006). According to Gartner, the "Top Five Indian IT Services Providers" are Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Cognizant, Wipro, and HCL Technologies.^[10][11]

Major information technology hubs

Bangalore

Chandigarh

Hyderabad

Kolkata

Kolkata is also one of the leading Indian and international IT services and outsourcing exporters.{{fact|date=January 2019}}{{dubious|date=January 2019}}

Pune

Pune is one of the leading Indian and international IT services and outsourcing exporters. The next biggest IT park of India (Rajiv Gandhi IT Park at Hinjawadi) is expected to scale up to phase 7.

Chennai

Chennai has a good IT infrastructure with dedicated expressway nicknamed as IT expressways, and many other IT parks promoted by both government agency (Elcot) Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu and private entities.

Gujarat

The Gujarat State having rapidly growing IT Industry In cities like GIFT City,Ahmedabad Gandhinagar ,Vadodara, and Rajkot. Gandhinagar have Info City and several IT parks,Electronic City etc.

Mumbai and Navi Mumbai

Mumbai and Navi Mumbai have major IT parks.

National Capital Region

The National Capital Region includes Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida.

Employment generation

India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States and the European Union. However, the recent global financial crises have deeply impacted Indian IT companies as well as global companies. As a result, hiring has dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like financial services, telecommunications, and manufacturing, which have been growing phenomenally over the last few years.^[20]

With fundamental structural changes visible everywhere in the IT services due to Cloud computing, proliferation of Social media, Big data, Analytics all leading to digital services and digital economy, many of the leading companies in India's IT sector reported lower headcounts in their financial results.^[21]

See also

• Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India
• Supercomputing in India
• List of Indian IT companies
• List of public listed software companies of India
• PARAM

References

Sources

• {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Dinesh C. |date=2015 |title=The Outsourcer: The Story of India's IT Revolution |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e44jCgAAQBAJ&dq=Information+technology+industry+in+india&source=gbs_navlinks_s |publisher= MIT Press|page=274 |isbn=9780262028752 }}
• {{cite book |last=Parayil |first=G. |date=2016 |title=Political Economy and Information Capitalism in India: Digital Divide, Development Divide and Equity Technology, Globalization and Development |url= |publisher=Springer |page=242 |isbn=9780230595613 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Vittal |first1=N.|last2=Mahalingam |first2=S. |date=2001 |title=Information Technology: India's Tomorrow |url= |publisher=Manas Publications |page=416 |isbn=9788170491194 }}
• {{cite book |last=Franda |first= Marcus F. |date=2002 |title=China and India Online: Information Technology Politics and Diplomacy in the World's Two Largest Nations |url= |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=251 |isbn=9780742519466 }}
• {{cite book |last=Ezer |first=Jonathan |date=2010 |title=Perceptions of Information Technology in India: A study of the institutional forces that impact how technology is taught, and learned, at Indian Universities |url= |publisher=LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |page=268 |isbn=9783838372792 }}

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