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词条 Information technology in Russia
释义

  1. History

  2. Largest Internet companies

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

The Information technology sector in Russia employed around 300,000 people in 2012,[1] and contributed 1.2% of the country's GDP in 2015.[1] The sector is concentrated in the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg.[2]

History

{{seealso|History of computing in the Soviet Union}}

The Russian IT sector drew comparatively little from Soviet-era institutions.[3] Russian IT companies were started in the early 1990s by founders with an academic background seeking to find a place in the new market economy.[3] Piracy was widespread in the country, with an estimated 90% of all software in Russia being pirated in 1997.[4]

In the 1990s, companies such as Vist began assembling computers out of foreign-made components, targeting small businesses and families who could not afford foreign brands like IBM and Compaq.[5] DVM Computer gained some traction in the laptop market with its RoverBook brand.[6] The Russian Computer Association (Российская компьютерная ассоциация) was the trade association representing the sector.[7] In 1997 Yandex was established in Moscow.[8]

In 1999 MCST developed the E2K processor, which was initially hyped as an Itanium killer,[9] but the project was hampered by a chronic lack of funding.[10]

Over time, Russian companies moved to software development, an activity which enjoyed higher margins.[2] Local companies cater to the specific needs of the Russian market, such as ERP software developed by 1C Company with a focus on Russian accounting rules.[11] Kaspersky Labs is described as the flagship company of the Russian IT industry.[12] Exports of software and IT services from Russia reached $7 billion in 2015, up from $2.8 billion in 2009.[13]

In 2012 MCST launched the NT-ElbrusS, a rugged laptop for military applications.[14]

In the aftermath of the War in Donbass and the annexation of Crimea, the Ukrainian government banned a number of Russian IT companies from conducting business in the country.[15]

In June 2015 the Russian parliament passed a law to establish a preference system for software developed in Russia.[16]

Worsening relations between the United States and Russia have led some to advocate a purge of Russian software.[17]

Largest Internet companies

List of the largest internet companies based in Russia, according to the local version of Forbes:[18]

Rank Name Established Headquarters
1 Yandex 2000 Moscow
2 Mail.ru Group 1998 Moscow
3 Avito 2007 Moscow
4 Wildberries 2004 Moscow
5 Lamoda 2011 Moscow
6 Ozon Group 2000 Moscow
7 HeadHunter 2000 Moscow
8 Citylink 2008 Moscow
9 2GIS 1999 Novosibirsk
10 KupiVIP Group 2008 Moscow

See also

  • List of Russian IT developers

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=IT Outsourcing & Software Development in Russia|url=https://leaglobal.com/thought_leadership/SCHNEIDER%20GROUP_IT_RUSSIA.pdf|publisher=Schneider Group|date=September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303074353/http://leaglobal.com/thought_leadership/SCHNEIDER%20GROUP_IT_RUSSIA.pdf|archivedate=2017-03-03|df=}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Pulya|first1=Vsevolod|title=Russian IT market faces cloudy future|url=https://www.rbth.com/articles/2012/02/01/russian_it_market_faces_cloudy_future_14284.html|accessdate=16 November 2017|date=1 February 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725051034/https://www.rbth.com/articles/2012/02/01/russian_it_market_faces_cloudy_future_14284.html|archivedate=25 July 2017|df=}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=The Growth of Russia's IT Outsourcing Industry: The Beginning of Russian Economic Diversification?|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-growth-russias-it-outsourcing-industry-the-beginning-russian-economic|website=Wilson Center|accessdate=16 November 2017|date=7 July 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705223339/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-growth-russias-it-outsourcing-industry-the-beginning-russian-economic|archivedate=5 July 2017|df=}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Gates Urges Russia to Stop Software Piracy|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/101197gates.html|accessdate=16 November 2017|work=partners.nytimes.com|date=10 November 1997|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205095153/http://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/101197gates.html|archivedate=5 December 2013|df=}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Russian Computers Break Out of the Red|url=http://old.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/tmt/300179.html|accessdate=16 November 2017|work=The Moscow Times|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117003216/http://old.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/tmt/300179.html|archivedate=17 November 2017|df=}}
6. ^{{cite news|title="Белый Ветер" продолжает продвигать "красные" компьютеры|url=https://www.osp.ru/cw/1995/14/2062/|accessdate=17 November 2017|work=Computerworld Россия|date=13 April 1995|language=ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117003215/https://www.osp.ru/cw/1995/14/2062/|archivedate=17 November 2017|df=}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Ассоциации компьютерных фирм в России|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/124194|accessdate=17 November 2017|work=Kommersant|date=22 December 1995|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117003215/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/124194|archivedate=17 November 2017|df=}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Yandex, Russia’s biggest technology company, celebrates 20 years|url=https://www.economist.com/news/business/21729779-search-giant-thriving-faces-political-pressures-yandex-russias-biggest-technology|accessdate=17 November 2017|work=The Economist|date=30 September 2017|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002230055/https://www.economist.com/news/business/21729779-search-giant-thriving-faces-political-pressures-yandex-russias-biggest-technology|archivedate=2 October 2017|df=}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Top Microsoft boffin votes for Russian Merced Killer|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/06/16/top_microsoft_boffin_votes/|accessdate=16 November 2017|date=16 June 1999|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003003522/http://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/06/16/top_microsoft_boffin_votes/|archivedate=3 October 2012|df=}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Russian "Itanium Killer" Isn't Dead Yet - ExtremeTech|url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/51226-russian-itanium-killer-isnt-dead-yet|accessdate=16 November 2017|work=ExtremeTech|date=23 May 2002|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626070031/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/51226-russian-itanium-killer-isnt-dead-yet|archivedate=26 June 2017|df=}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=A Russian Software Billionaire Takes on SAP and Oracle|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-15/a-russian-software-billionaire-takes-on-sap-and-oracle|work=Bloomberg.com|date=15 June 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031093812/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-15/a-russian-software-billionaire-takes-on-sap-and-oracle|archivedate=31 October 2017|df=}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Information technology could become a Russian window to the Asia-Pacific|url=http://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/information-technology-could-become-russian-window-asia-pacific|accessdate=16 November 2017|work=Russia Direct|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702150711/http://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/information-technology-could-become-russian-window-asia-pacific|archivedate=2 July 2017|df=}}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=RBTH|first1=special to|title=Russian software is conquering the world|url=https://www.rbth.com/science_and_tech/2016/01/12/russian-software-is-conquering-the-world_558643|accessdate=16 November 2017|date=12 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724074324/https://www.rbth.com/science_and_tech/2016/01/12/russian-software-is-conquering-the-world_558643|archivedate=24 July 2017|df=}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=This 22-pound “Made in Russia” laptop is actually pretty useful|url=https://qz.com/419923/this-22-pound-made-in-russia-laptop-is-actually-pretty-useful/|accessdate=17 November 2017|work=Quartz|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113025133/https://qz.com/419923/this-22-pound-made-in-russia-laptop-is-actually-pretty-useful/|archivedate=13 November 2017|df=}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=KYIV BLOG: Ukraine goes overboard with Russian internet bans|url=http://www.intellinews.com/kyiv-blog-ukraine-goes-overboard-with-russian-internet-bans-121886/|accessdate=16 November 2017|work=Intellinews|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612095639/http://www.intellinews.com/kyiv-blog-ukraine-goes-overboard-with-russian-internet-bans-121886/|archivedate=12 June 2017|df=}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Restrictions on Foreign Software for State Procurements|url=http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Tax-Alert-06-July-2015-ENG/$FILE/EY-Tax-Alert-06-July-2015-ENG.pdf|publisher=EY.com|accessdate=17 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117003215/http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Tax-Alert-06-July-2015-ENG/$FILE/EY-Tax-Alert-06-July-2015-ENG.pdf|archivedate=17 November 2017|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|last1=Perlow|first1=Jason|title=Beyond Kaspersky: How a digital Cold War with Russia threatens the IT industry|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-a-digital-cold-war-with-russia-could-threaten-the-it-industry/|website=ZDNet|accessdate=17 November 2017|language=en|date=9 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131224807/http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-a-digital-cold-war-with-russia-could-threaten-the-it-industry/|archivedate=31 January 2017|df=}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=20 самых дорогих компаний Рунета — 2018 |url=http://www.forbes.ru/tehnologii-photogallery/357559-20-samyh-dorogih-kompaniy-runeta-2018-reyting-forbes |accessdate=19 October 2018 |work=Forbes.ru}}

External links

  • [https://reestr.minsvyaz.ru/reestr/ Federal registry of Russian software]
{{Economy of Russia}}{{Asia topic|Information technology in}}

1 : Information technology in Russia
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