| 词条 | Instalaza |
| 释义 |
|name = Instalaza S.A. |logo = Instalaza Placa.jpg |logo_size = 180px |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |type = S.A. | industry = Defence |fate = |successor = |founded = {{start date and age|1943}} |founder = |defunct = |hq_location_city = Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon |hq_location_country = Spain |area_served = worldwide |key_people = |products = Explosives, Electro-optical devices |services = |revenue = |revenue_year = |operating_income = 12.4 million €[1] |income_year = 2011 |net_income = {{increase}} 1.68 million €[1] |net_income_year = 2011 |assets = |assets_year = |equity = |equity_year = |owner = |num_employees = 140 |num_employees_year = 2007 |homepage = instalaza.com |footnotes = |intl = }} Instalaza SA is a Spanish firm that designs, develops and manufactures equipment and other military material for infantry. The company, founded in 1943, is headquartered in Zaragoza and its production plant is in Zaragoza, Aragon. The company became famous for the production of highly accurate rocket launchers. Instalaza's professional experience is widely noted as a supplier of both the Spanish armed forces and countries around the world. Instalaza has had Pedro Morenés Eulate, Secretary of State for Defence between 1996 and 2000, Secretary of State Security from 2000 to 2002, Secretary of State for Science and Technology between 2002 and 2004, and currently Minister of Defense, as representative and consultant.[2] As of 2007, Instalaza SA had 140 employees, a covered plant area of {{convert|18000|sqm}}, capital worth more than 5 million Euros, and a revenue of 15 million Euros.[3] Cluster munitions banThe company experienced a crisis in 2008 after the ban on cluster bombs enacted by the Convention on Cluster Munitions.[4] In January 2009, Instalaza still had the MAT-120 cluster bomb in its online catalog. Having been outlawed by the Convention on Cluster Munitions, the Government ordered the shutdown of the weapon's production in line with its obligations under international law. After a public outcry highlighted by the media, Instalaza ended production of the MAT-120. However a note on the Instalaza website states that the weapon remains in the catalog as a mark of their technological prowess and states that the weapon is in compliance with Amended Protocol II of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.[5] According to the manufacturer, the weapons produces 0.0% 'hazardous duds' by ensuring that in case the munition was not functioning upon impact, it would attempt to self-destruct in 20 seconds. If this was not possible, self-deactivation would occur after 10 minutes.[6] Critics argue that studies based on the Israeli-made M-85, a different type of cluster munition, have indicated that items of unexploded ordnance, whether or not they are armed, remain a serious hazard to civilian populations.[7] However, this type of hazard does not apply to the MAT-120, as if in the rare instance the self-destruction mechanism fails, in approximately 15 minutes after impact the electrical charge in the capacitor bleeds out, therefore rendering the submunition's electronic fuse system inoperative, making the dud submunition totally inert, unless the capacitor is deliberately recharged from an outside source.[8][9] Amended Protocol II relates to mines, booby traps and other devices and is not relevant to the legal status of cluster munitions. Instalaza may not sell any patents related to the bomb.[10] Subsequently, the company managed to reorient its production and market new technology. As a result, Instalaza SA continues to produce military equipment for several countries around the world. Instalaza in February 2013, presented its product design and production of arms and ammunition, in the Salon of Defense of Abu Dhabi, with great acceptance by buyers assistants, which reaffirms that the defense and security industry, are among the most active of the highest overall growth of Spanish exports between 2011 and 2013. [11] Claimed use of cluster munitions in LibyaOn 15 April 2011, Human Rights Watch and the New York Times documented use of MAT-120 cluster mortar rounds date-stamped 2007 in Misrata, Libya during sustained use of explosive weapons in populated areas by Gaddafi forces, although the Secretary of State of the USA,[12] Hillary Clinton said she was “not aware” of the specific use of cluster or other indiscriminate weapons in Misurata .[13] Products
References1. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.infodefensa.com/cache_noticias/el-/el-reparto-de-beneficios-provoca-tensiones-en-el-seno-de-instalaza.html|title=El reparto de beneficios provoca tensiones|publisher=infodefensa.com|date=August 31, 2012|accessdate=February 23, 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web | last = Marco | first = Lucas | publisher = Periódico Diagonal | title = Un ex secretario de Estado de Aznar representa a una empresa que vende bombas de racimo | url = http://www.diagonalperiodico.net/spip.php?article6097 | accessdate = 28 January 2009 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3. ^{{cite web | publisher = Jane's Military and Security Assessments | title = Instalaza SA (Spain), Contractors | url = http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Naval-Construction-and-Retrofit-Markets/Instalaza-SA-Spain.html | accessdate = 18 April 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web | publisher = Cotizalia | title = La compañía Instalaza, en quiebra técnica | url = http://www.cotizalia.com/cache/2008/10/18/noticias_68_compania_instalaza_quiebra_tecnica.html | accessdate = 28 January 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web | title = Instalaza: Sobre el MAT-120 | publisher = Instalaza | url = http://www.instalaza.es/des.html | date = 20 January 2009 | accessdate = 25 May 2009 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091224130742/http://www.instalaza.es/des.html | archivedate = 24 December 2009 | df = }} 6. ^{{cite web | title = INSTALAZA INTRODUCES THE [SD]² CONCEPT TO THE EXPERTS GROUP OF THE CCW AT GENEVA’S HEADQUARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS | publisher = Instalaza | url = http://www.instalaza.es/eng/noticias2.html | date = 1 April 2008 | accessdate = 16 April 2011 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720142313/http://www.instalaza.es/eng/noticias2.html | archivedate = 20 July 2011 | df = }} 7. ^{{cite web | title = M85: An analysis of reliability | publisher = NPA | url = http://www.stopclustermunitions.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/m85-analysis-of-reliability-npa.pdf| accessdate = 15 April 2011}} 8. ^"Mortars Aim For More Capability" by Rubert Pengelley, Jane's IDR 1/1997 page 54 9. ^note2 - the first MAT-120 mortar bomb' submunition were called "Espin" by the manufacture and lacked the self-destruction feature, later MAT-120 submunitions with the self-destruction feature were called "Braco" 10. ^{{Cite web | publisher = Qué.es (EFE) | title = Una empresa española oferta bombas racimo por Internet | url = http://www.que.es/ultimas-noticias/espana/200901271821-empresa-espanola-oferta-bombas-racimo.html | accessdate = 28 January 2009}} 11. ^http://www.ateneadigital.es/RevistaAtenea/REVISTA/articulos/GestionNoticias_12073_ESP.asp 12. ^{{Cite web | publisher = New York Times| title = Qaddafi Troops Fire Cluster Bombs Into Civilian Areas | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/16/world/africa/16libya.html?_r=1&hp | accessdate = 15 April 2011}} 13. ^{{Cite web | publisher = Human Rights Watch | title = Libya: Cluster Munition Strikes Misrata | url = https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/04/15/libya-cluster-munitions-strike-misrata | accessdate = 15 April 2011}} NotesThis article incorporates information from the revision as of 18 April 2010 of the equivalent article on the Spanish Wikipedia.External links
3 : Military industry|Defence companies of Spain|Weapons manufacturing companies |
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