| 词条 | Josep Lluís Sert |
| 释义 |
Josep Lluís Sert i López ({{IPA-ca|ʒuˈzɛb ʎuˈis ˈsɛɾt}}; 1 July 1902 – 15 March 1983) was a Spanish architect and city planner born in Barcelona, Spain. BiographyBorn in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, he showed keen interest in the works of his uncle, the painter Josep Maria Sert, and of Gaudí. He studied architecture at the Escola Superior d'Arquitectura in Barcelona and set up his own studio in 1929. That same year he moved to Paris, in response to an invitation from Le Corbusier to work for him (without payment). Returning to Barcelona in 1930, he continued his practice there until 1937. During the 1930s, he co-founded the group GATCPAC (Grup d'Artistes i Tècnics Catalans per al Progrés de l'Arquitectura Contemporània, i.e. Group of Catalan Artists and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture), which later became, with the addition of the western and north groups, the GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles para el Progreso de l'Arquitectura Contemporánea), which was in turn the Spanish branch of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Some time later, he became President of CIAM (1947–56). He created several outstanding pieces of modern architecture during this period, such as the week-end house in El Garraf, Catalonia, Spain (1935), the Central Dispensary of Barcelona (1935) and the Master Plan for the City of Barcelona (1933–35). From 1937 through 1939 he lived in Paris, where he designed the Spanish Republic's pavilion at the World's Fair, the Paris Exposition of 1937. The Spanish Pavilion was built right beside the Nazi Germany Pavilion, while in Spain the Civil War was going on and the Nazis had just bombed the town of Guernica. For the artistic content of the building, Sert called on his Spanish artist friends Picasso, Miró, and Calder; Picasso's contribution was Guernica and became the focal attraction of Sert's design.[1] Career in the United StatesIn 1939 Sert went into exile in New York City where he worked with the Town Planning Associates, carrying out numerous urban plans for cities in South America. In 1952, Sert held a one-year Visiting Professorship at Yale University. The following year he became Dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design (1953–1969). There, he initiated the world's first degree program in urban design;[3] integrated the programs of architecture, planning, landscape and urban design, and taught many of today's leading architects. During this period he served on the Advisory Board of the newly created Graham Foundation in Chicago, Illinois. In 1955, Sert founded a studio in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which in 1958 became a partnership with Huson Jackson and Ronald Gourley. Joseph Zalewski was the Associate and continued to be in the firm Sert, Jackson and Associate founded in 1963. The studio designed many well-known projects including the Maeght Foundation (1959–64) in southern France, the Fundació Miró (museum) in Barcelona (1975) and quite a few buildings for Harvard University, including Holyoke Center (1958–65), the Harvard Science Center (1969–72), Peabody Terrace (apartments, 1962–64), and the Center for the Study of World Religions at the Harvard Divinity School. Among other notable buildings in the vicinity are a complex at Boston University including its law school, student union, and main library (1960–65), Sert's home in Cambridge, as well as the Martin Luther King elementary school (1968–71), located across from Peabody Terrace. In New York, he completed the Eastwood and Westview apartments on Roosevelt Island, NYC (1976). In 1961, Sert brought Le Corbusier to the United States to design the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard, and a gallery in the Carpenter Center is now named in Sert's honor. In 1981 he received the AIA Gold Medal. The art worldJosep Lluis Sert counted amongst his close friends the likes of Alexander Calder, Joan Miró, Georges Braque, and Marc Chagall, for whom he designed studios and homes.[4] He brought art into the Harvard curriculum through his commissioning of the Carpenter Center and his subsequent avid support for it. His design for the Fondation Maeght in Sant Pau (Alpes-Maritimes), France, the Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona and the Museum School were more than an architect-client relationship, they were partnerships in the discovery of modern art. Among Sert's students and colleagues in his studio were leading and past master architects from the United States, Spain, France, Bolivia and Brazil, as well as Dolf Schnebli of Switzerland, Fumihiko Maki of Japan, Christopher Charles Benninger of India; and many more. Major buildings and projects
Bibliography
References1. ^Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). [https://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/guernica/glevel_1/3_pavilion.html Guernica...the Spanish Pavilion]. Treasures of the World. Accessed 22 December 2007. 2. ^American Institute of Architects, Barcelona's Miró Foundation Captures Twenty-five Year Award: Modern Mediterranean masterpiece stands the tests of time, AIArchitect, February 2002. 3. ^Josep Lluis Sert: The Architect of Urban Design. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906152814/http://conferences.gsd.harvard.edu/sert/html_files/biography.html |date=2007-09-06 }} Exhibition and symposium announcement. 2003. Accessed 22 December 2007. 4. ^{{cite web|title=Other buildings by Sert – Josep Lluís Sert and architecture for art|url=https://www.fmirobcn.org/en/foundation/other-buildings-by-sert/|publisher=Fundació Joan Miró|accessdate=1 September 2017}} 5. ^{{cite journal|jstor=1425469|first=Samuel|last=Isenstadt|title=Faith in a Better Future": Josep Luis Sert's American Embassy in Baghdad|journal=Journal of Architectural Education|volume=50|issue=3|date=February 1997|pages=172–88}} 6. ^{{cite web|work=WikiArquitectura|url=http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/U.S._Embassy_in_Baghdad|title=U.S. Embassy in Baghdad|date=2010-11-24|accessdate=2012-10-16|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506231642/http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/U.S._Embassy_in_Baghdad|archivedate=2012-05-06|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|work=WikiArquitectura|url=https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/serts-house-in-cambridge/|title=Sert's House in Cambridge|date=2011-07-01|accessdate=2012-10-16}} For current ownership data for the house, see: {{cite web|url=http://www2.cambridgema.gov/fiscalaffairs/PropertyDetail.cfm?PropertyId=11780|title=64 Francis Ave|publisher=City of Cambridge, MA|year=2012|accessdate=2012-10-16}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jlserthouse.wordpress.com|title=Josep Lluis Sert's Cambridge House|work=Josep Lluis Sert's Cambridge House|accessdate=11 October 2014}} 9. ^Roosevelt Island#Architecture External links
11 : Catalan architects|Catalan urban planners|Modernist architects|1902 births|1983 deaths|Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne members|Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the United States|Harvard Graduate School of Design faculty|People from Ibiza|20th-century Spanish architects|Honorary Members of the Royal Academy |
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