“International Soccer League”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

International Soccer League

释义

History
Trophy Section l and Section ll
American Challenge Cup
League champions
American Challenge Cup
League MVP
Teams
References
External links

The International Soccer League was a U.S.-based soccer league which was formed in 1960 and collapsed in 1965. The League, affiliated with the American Soccer League, featured guest teams primarily from Europe and some from Asia, South America, Canada and Mexico.

The creation of the League was announced in January 1960, when it was regarded as an attempt to create a Club World Cup. However, the concurrence of the UEFA/CONMEBOL-endorsed Intercontinental Cup, launched also in 1960, nullified any possibility that the League might have relevance as a club world championship.^[1]

History

In 1960, William D. Cox, a wealthy U.S. businessman and former owner of the Philadelphia Phillies, a U.S. baseball team, saw a potential market in the United States for top-level soccer. Recognizing that U.S. teams did not play at a sufficiently high level to attract the attention of most fans, he began to consider the possibility of importing European and South American teams during their league off-seasons. Traditionally, tours by European clubs in the northeast United States had drawn well and Cox decided to pursue this approach.

However, soccer in the U.S. was run by the U.S. Soccer Football Association (USSFA). As a member of the soccer's international governing organization, FIFA, the USSFA had the sole power in the U.S. to authorize the creation of a new league, and any league created without USSFA authority would be declared an "outlaw league". Any person playing in an "outlaw league" would then be banned from playing in any other league or team affiliated with FIFA, and as nearly every league and team in the world was affiliated with the world soccer body, this would effectively ban a player from playing soccer anywhere.

To get USSFA approval, Cox worked through the existing American Soccer League, a USSFA-recognized league. This went so far that in 1961, the ASL scheduled only one game during the ISL season in order to keep from drawing fan support from the league. Each year, the ISL played two halves to its season, with different sets of teams; the top team from each half played each other in a season-ending championship game. In order to give the American fans a greater stake in the league, Cox also decided to enter a team of U.S.-based players; this team, called variably New York, the New Yorkers and the New York Americans, was usually a mix of U.S.-based European professionals with some native all-stars. Cox also gained regional television coverage, and the associated revenue stream. While the games were initially played in the New York metropolitan area, as interest in the ISL increased, he expanded the league to Chicago, Detroit, Boston and Los Angeles.

The ISL lasted only through the end of the 1965 season before folding, not so much by its continuing financial losses (some $100,000 over five seasons), but due to the continuing hostility of the USSFA. The ISL's growing success, combined with Cox’ refusal to allow USSFA a part in the league management, led to the USSFA's fear losing control of soccer in America. In 1965 the organization forbid Cox from importing teams into the U.S. and threatened to declare the ISL an outlaw league. Cox was forced to fold the ISL, but sued USSFA in federal court for anti-trust violations, a suit he eventually won. While the ISL played its last season in 1965, the model was used again in 1967 when the United Soccer Association (USA) imported foreign teams to populate its league and again in 1969 when the North American Soccer League (NASL) used imported teams for the first half of its season.

In 1967, Cox joined with several other investors to found the National Professional Soccer League, a non-USSFA sanctioned league which, the following year, merged with the USA to become the NASL.

Trophy Section l and Section ll

It was the trophy given to first place in each group.

Trophy Section l:

1960 Kilmarnock (Scotland)
1961 Everton (England)
1962 America RJ (Brazil)
1963 West Ham United (England)
1964 SV Werder Bremen (West Germany)
1965 New York Americans (USA)

Trophy Section ll:

1960 Bangu (Brazil)
1961 Dukla Prague (Czechoslovakia)
1962 Belenenses (Portugal)
1963 Gornik Zabrze (Poland)
1964 Zaglebie Sosnowiec (Poland)
1965 Polonia Bytom (Poland)

American Challenge Cup

In 1962, the ISL initiated an annual challenge cup. It would pair the winner of the previous year's Challenge Cup winner with the current season's league champion. Dukla Prague had won the 1961 title, defeating Everton F.C. 7–2 and 2–0 in the championship. Therefore, they were paired in the first Challenge Cup with the 1962 season winner, América RJ. Dukla won and returned for the next three challenge cups, winning each, except for the last in which they fell to Polonia Bytom.

League champions

1960 Bangu Atlético Clube
1961 Dukla Prague
1962 America FC (RJ)
1963 West Ham United
1964 Zagłębie Sosnowiec
1965 Polonia Bytom

American Challenge Cup

1960 Bangu Atlético Clube (Brazil)¹
1961 Dukla Prague (Czechoslovakia)¹
1962 Dukla Prague (Czechoslovakia)
1963 Dukla Prague (Czechoslovakia)
1964 Dukla Prague (Czechoslovakia)
1965 Polonia Bytom (Poland)

¹automatic champion

League MVP

Beginning in 1961, the league champion was awarded the Dwight D. Eisenhower trophy, but from 1962 to 1965 it was given to the league MVP. However, in 1960 and 1961 the best players in the tournament were Ademir da Guia (Bangu) and Válter Santos (Bangu) respectively.

1960 Ademir da Guia (Bangu)
1961 Válter Santos (Bangu)
1962 Carl Bogelein (Reutlingen)
1963 Bobby Moore (West Ham United)
1964 Gerhard Zebrowski (Werder Bremen)
1965 Uwe Schwart (New Yorkers)

Teams

Team	Years
Greece\|old}} AEK Athens	1964
Brazil\|1960}} América RJ	1962
Brazil\|1960}} EC Bahia	1964
Brazil\|1960}} Bangu	1960, 1961
West Germany}} Bayern Munich	1960
Portugal}} Belenenses	1962, 1963
Turkey}} Besiktas	1961
England}} Blackburn Rovers	1964
England}} Burnley F.C.	1960
Mexico\|1934}} Club Deportivo Oro	1963
Romania\|1952}} Dinamo Bucharest	1961
Yugoslavia}} Dinamo Zagreb	1963
Czechoslovakia}} Dukla Prague	1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965
Scotland}} Dundee F.C.	1962
Sweden}} Elfsborg	1962
Spain\|1945}} RCD Espanyol	1961
England}} Everton F.C.	1961
Hungary}} Ferencvaros	1965
Northern Ireland}} Glenavon F.C.	1960
Poland}} Górnik Zabrze	1963
Mexico\|1934}} Club Deportivo Guadalajara	1962
Yugoslavia}} Hajduk Split	1962
Israel}} Hapoel Petah Tikva	1961
Sweden}} Helsingborgs IF	1963
Scotland}} Heart of Midlothian	1964
West Germany}} Karlsruhe	1961
Scotland}} Kilmarnock F.C.	1960, 1961, 1963, 1965
Italy}} Lanerossi-Vicenza	1964
Italy}} Mantova	1963
France}} Monaco	1961
Canada\|1957}} Montreal Concordia	1961
Hungary}} MTK Budapest	1962
France}} Nice	1960
Sweden}} Norrköping	1960
Italy}} Palermo	1962
Greece\|old}} Panathinaikos	1962
Poland}} Polonia Bytom	*1965*
Brazil\|1960}} Portuguesa	1965
West Germany}} Preussen Munster	1963
Austria}} SK Rapid Wien	1960, 1961
Spain\|1945}} Real Oviedo	1962
Spain\|1945}} Real Valladolid	1963
West Germany}} SSV Reutlingen	1962
Brazil\|1960}} Sport Recife	1963
Yugoslavia}} Red Star Belgrade	1960, 1961, 1964
Italy}} Sampdoria	1960
Austria}} Schwechater	1964
Ireland}} Shamrock Rovers	1961
Portugal}} Sporting Club	1960
West Germany}} TSV Munich 1860	1965
Hungary}} Újpest FC	1963
France}} Valenciennes	1963
Italy}} Varese	1965
Portugal}} Vitoria Guimaraes	1964
Austria}} Wiener AC	1962, 1963
West Germany}} Werder Bremen	1964
England}} West Bromwich Albion	1965
England}} West Ham United	1963, 1965
Poland}} Zagłębie Sosnowiec	1964

References

1. ^Estado de São Paulo. Brazilian newspaper. January, 15, 1960, page 18.

External links

Annual standings
League history
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060303192321/http://www.ayso88.org/news/worldsoccer/US-soccer-history8.html U.S. Soccer History: 8. The 1960's: The Birth of the American Soccer Renaissance] via Webarchive
Series on "Pitch Invasion" by Tom Dunmore from 2011:
- Part 1: They Even Cheered Technique
- Part 2: In Lieu of Giants
- Part 3: Expanded Dreamsn
- Part 4: Struggling Towards Orbit

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