“International Weddell Sea Oceanographic Expeditions”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The International Weddell Sea Oceanographic Expeditions or IWSOE are a series of scientific research expeditions to the Weddell Sea begun in 1967, involving cooperation among Norway, Canada, Chile and the United States.

IWSOE research projects have involved a variety of institutions and covered a wide range of disciplines.

For example, in 1969 scientists from the Universities of Bergen (Norway) and Minnesota, Connecticut and California, Los Angeles (USA), and the US Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit studied the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water, the population density and diversity of the deep sea benthos of the Weddell Sea, the population dynamics of Antarctic seals and sedimentation processes in the Weddell Sea and carried out physical, chemical and photographic oceanographic surveys.^[4]

Other subjects of IWSOE research include the Weddell Sea currents and the biology of krill, a species of zooplankton abundant in the area.

References

1. ^"The Antarctic CORC/ARCHES Expedition - Reports From the Field, week of 7 May 2003", Columbia University Earth Institute News, posted 04/10/03, accessed 5 March 2011
2. ^W.W.C. Gieskes, C. Veth, A. Woehrmann and M.Graefe, EOS, 1987, reported at the Secchi Dip-In website, accessed 5 March 2011
3. ^"Antarctic Ice Velocity Data", National Snow and Ice Data Center, Antarctic Glaciological Data Center, accessed 5 March 2011
4. ^¹[https://archive.org/stream/oceanographyofwe00huff#page/n7/mode/2up Introduction, page 1, "Oceanography of the Weddell Sea in 1969" by Gary L. Hufford and Lcdr. James M. Seabrooke, United States Coast Guard Oceanographic Report No. 31, publ. Washington DC, Feb. 1970], accessed 1 March 2011
5. ^¹{{cite journal |title=Har du møtt Peder pingvin?| journal=CMR Annual report 07| year=2007| series=Historikk |url=http://www.cmr.no/doc/PDF%20files/AnnualReport2007.pdf| accessdate=18 February 2011 |page=24| publisher=Christian Michelsen Research AS|location=Bergen, Norway| language=Norwegian, English |trans-title=CMR Årsrapport 07| format=PDF }}
6. ^{{cite journal|last=Michel|first=Robert L.|title=Tritium Distributions in Weddell Sea Water Masses|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|year=1978|volume=83|issue=C12|pages=6192–6198|doi=10.1029/jc083ic12p06192}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Ross|first=Robin M.|title=Foundations for ecological research West of the Antarctic Peninsula|year=1996|publisher=American Geophysical Union|isbn=978-0-87590-891-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0_vYc8XjvgC&lpg=PA6&ots=aj4vMaw9Ip&dq=%22International%20Weddell%20Sea%20Oceanographic%20Expeditions%22&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q=%22International%20Weddell%20Sea%20Oceanographic%20Expeditions%22&f=false|author2=Eileen Elizabeth Hofmann |author3=Langdon B. Quetin |editor=Robin M. Ross |editor2=Eileen Elizabeth Hofmann |editor3=Langdon B. Quetin|accessdate=1 March 2011|page=6}}
8. ^Fred's Place website USCGC Glacier Archive, personal report by SO1 John Murphy of Glacier's 1968 IWSOE Weddell Sea voyage, accessed 1 March 2011