| 词条 | Inveresk Roman Fort |
| 释义 |
|image = Inveresk Parish Kirk - geograph.org.uk - 2358040.jpg |caption = Inveresk Parish Kirk, site of the Roman Fort |name = Inveresk Roman Fort |alt_names = |known_as = |built_during_reign_of = |founded = |abandoned = |attested_by = |previous_fortification = |type = |robust_struct_material = Stone? |robust_struct_built_during_reign_of = |robust_struct_built = |robust_struct_abandoned= |robust_struct_dim1 = |robust_struct_dim2 = |robust_struct_area = 2.7 |robust_struct_shape = |robust_struct_thickness = |robust_struct_technique = |robust_struct_towers = |weak_struct_material = |weak_struct_built_during_reign_of = |weak_struct_built = |weak_struct_abandoned = |weak_struct_dim1 = |weak_struct_dim2 = |weak_struct_area = |weak_struct_shape = |weak_struct_thickness = |weak_struct_technique = |weak_struct_towers = |commanders = |legions = |cohorts = |alae = |classis = |numberi = |events = |province = |capital_of = |admin_unit_1 = |admin_unit_2 = |limes = |nearby_water = |links = |coordinates = {{coord|55.9365|-3.0546|display=inline}} |altitude_m = |altitude_ref = |map = Scotland East Lothian |map_alt = |map_caption = Inveresk Roman Fort shown within East Lothian |map_size = |map_relief = |map_type = |place_name = Inveresk |location_town = |location_county = East Lothian |location_state = |location_country = Scotland |ref:UK:OSNG = NT345722 |ref:RO:LMI = |ref:RO:RAN = |ref:UNESCO = |coins_found = |discovery_year = |condition = |controlled_by = |excavations = |archaeologists = |exhibitions = |website = |notes = |commons = }}Inveresk Roman Fort is an archaeological site within the grounds of St Michael's Church, Inveresk, a village in East Lothian, Scotland. Several seasons of excavation since 1946, both major and minor, have established the outline of the fort and recovered some of the interior detail.[1][2] The fort covered an area of 6.6 acres (2.7 ha), placing it at the larger end of the spectrum of fort sizes.[3] For this reason, the original excavator, Ian Richmond, believed that a cavalry regiment had been stationed here. Little is known of the interior buildings, so this hypothesis cannot yet be tested. In 2007 a Roman tombstone was found at nearby Carberry depicting a Roman Governor's guard cavalry trooper named "Crescens" who was perhaps residing at the fort when he died.[4][5] All of the datable artefacts point to Antonine occupation.[6] Consequently, the fort is thought to have been established in the immediate aftermath of the invasion of Scotland launched by the emperor Antoninus Pius in AD 139/140. Two clear phases of occupation were identified archaeologically, perhaps occasioned by a change of garrison during the Antonine period. The fort will have been abandoned, along with the other Scottish sites, around AD 160, when Hadrian's Wall was recommissioned. A substantial civil settlement (vicus) lay outside the east rampart of the fort, and included a curving structure thought to be an amphitheatre.[7] The fort's Roman name remains unknown, although it has been suggested that Ptolemy's Κούρια (Curia or Coria), located in the lands of the Votadini,[8] should be identified with Inveresk, "the name being transferred from a native meeting-place which it controlled (in this case perhaps Arthur's Seat, 4 miles to the west)".[9] It may also have been called "Evidensca" according to the Ravenna Cosmography.[10][11] Notes1. ^{{cite journal|url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_110/110_286_304.pdf|last=Richmond|first=Ian A.|title=A Roman fort at Inveresk, Midlothian |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|volume=110|pages=286–304|year=1980}} 2. ^{{cite book|first=A.|last=Leslie|chapter=The Roman fort at Inveresk|editor=Bishop, M. C. (ed.)|title=Roman Inveresk: Past, Present and Future|location=Duns|publisher=The Armatura Press|year=2002|pages=17–28}} 3. ^Duncan B. Campbell, Roman Auxiliary Forts 27 BC-AD 378 (Oxford: Osprey, 2009), pp. 28-32, on the sizes of auxiliary forts. 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Tomlin|first=R.S.O.|title=Roman Britain in 2007. III. Inscriptions|journal=Britannia|volume=39|pages=369–390|year=2008|doi=10.3815/006811308785916908}} Inscription no. 5, pp. 372-4 and fig. 5. 5. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7066539.stm | work=BBC News | title=Roman tombstone found at Inveresk | date=29 October 2007}} 6. ^e.g. J.P. Gillam's report on "The Coarse Pottery", in Richmond, op. cit., pp. 300-302, concluding that "taken as a whole, the group [of pottery] is early Antonine; ... there are no Flavian pieces"; cf. Grace Simpson, "The Decorated Samian Pottery", in Richmond, op. cit., pp. 302-303, dating the three available sherds to "c AD 138-165". 7. ^T. Neighbour, "Excavations on the 'amphitheatre' and other areas east of Inveresk fort", in: M.C. Bishop (ed.), Roman Inveresk: Past, Present and Future (Duns: The Armatura Press, 2002), pp. 41-51. 8. ^Ptol., Geog. II, 3, 7; also found in the Ravenna Cosmography (107.41) as CORITIOTAR, which is thought to be a corruption of Coria Votad(inorum) 9. ^A.L.F. Rivet & Colin Smith, The Place-names of Roman Britain (London: B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1979), p. 320, s.v. CORIA of the Votadini 10. ^http://www.romanmap.com/htm/ravcosm/rc159-189.htm 11. ^http://www.romanmap.com/htm/nomina/Eiudens.htm References
4 : Archaeological sites in East Lothian|Roman legionary fortresses in Scotland|Musselburgh|Scheduled monuments in Scotland |
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