词条 | Inverse consequences |
释义 |
The term "inverse consequences"[1] or the "Law of Inverse Consequences"[2] refers to results that are the opposite of the expected results as initially intended or planned.[1] One consequence is in the "reverse predicament" of the other.[1] HistoryThe term "inverse consequences" has been in use for over 175 years (since at least 1835).[2] The term was also used by Auguste Comte (1798–1857) in his book System of Positive Polity (published 1875), stating, "Inevitable increase in Complication, in proportion with the decrease of Generality, gives rise to two inverse consequences." [3]Documented examplesThe term "inverse consequences" has been applied in numerous situations, for example:
Related phrasesThe concept of "inverse consequences" has a corollary in other phrases, as well:
See also{{Portal|Sociology}}
Notes1. ^1 "Chatham County Center: Green Thumb Prints Newsletter 2007 Index", NCSU.edu, May 2007, webpage: NCSU-law. 2. ^1 2 The Philosophy of Manufactures: Or, An Exposition (on factory systems), Andrew Ure, 1835, page 434 of 480 pages, Google Books link: [https://books.google.com/books?id=QNJHx4kfeK8C&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434&dq=%22inverse+consequences%22&source=web&ots=JMn6isJPBq&sig=xHjTPo-dAOKvvW8A9Qn4tOcsLuk&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=21&ct=result booksGoogle-AU]: states "the influence of which upon them will be manifested by inverse consequences; the one being in the reverse predicament of the other." 3. ^ System of Positive Polity: Social statics (on positivism), Auguste Comte, 1875, page 376, Google Books link (PDF 11.8mb): [https://books.google.com/books?id=1aIZAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA376&lpg=PA376&dq=%22inverse+consequences%22&source=bl&ots=o7swb_9yqR&sig=fY_F4mh6lRwcOgOooEG6JLcn2Uc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=45&ct=result books-Google-AC]: states "inevitable increase in Complication in proportion with the decrease of Generality, gives rise to two inverse consequences." 4. ^ "Neuron : Experimental Genetic Approaches to Addiction", A. Laakso, 2002, webpage: -->S0896627302009728 LinkingHub.elsevier.com-728]: states "exposure to psychostimulants such as cocaine leads to sensitized response; long-term treatment with opiates (such as morphine) also has inverse consequences". 5. ^ "Managing and Organizing the Cooperation in Design Processes" M. David, PDF file: -->coop2004-M.David-16.pdf Inria-fr-COOP2004-PDF]. 6. ^ "The Infinite Asset: Managing Brands to Build New Value" (on business & economics), Sam Hill, Chris Lederer, 2001, 238 pages, Google Books link: [https://books.google.com/books?id=GfATlBeyKxAC&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=%22inverse+consequences%22&source=bl&ots=BNqL-3V2Pl&sig=zUmXGyGW2rgSZQx9YMFwHQkgDP0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=47&ct=result books-Google-SH]: states "...managers must understand and anticipate inverse consequences every bit as much as they preach the potential benefits of their action plans." References
4 : Adages|Complex systems theory|Logic|Risk analysis |
随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。