“Ioulis”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ioulis or Ioulida ({{lang-el|Ιουλίς, Ιουλίδα}}; {{lang-grc|Ἰουλίς}}), locally called Khora ({{lang-el|Χώρα}}) like the main towns of most Greek islands, and sometimes known by the island name of Kea or Keos (or earlier Zea^[1]), is the capital of the island of Kea in the Cyclades.

Modern town

The Ioulida of today, while popular with both tourists and middle-class Athenians, is relatively unspoiled in that cars must be left at the entrance of the town, and "life is pretty much the way it has always been."^[2] As in Korissia, "the architectural style is not like like the typical Cycladic. The heart of Chora is the square with the grand city hall."^[3]

Ancient town

The ancient city (also called Iulis) was celebrated as the birthplace of Simonides, Bacchylides, Prodicus, Erasistratus, and Aristo; it was said to have been built by "Eupylos the son of Chryso the demi-goddess."^[4] It led a revolt against Athens in 364/3 BC;^[5] an Athenian decree has been preserved imposing a fine and punishing rebels, of which "ll. 27-42 contain 'the most formidably complex sentence so far to be found in classical Athenian decrees' (KJ Dover, TPS 1981, 1-14 at 8-11)."^[6] A nineteenth-century description says:

Under Roman rule it enjoyed political supremacy as well has been the main population center of the island.^[8] A process of nucleation reduced the number of population centers: "By the 2nd century BC the poleis of Koressos and Poieessa were absorbed by their neighbours Ioulis and Karthaia, and in the Late Roman period Karthaia ceased to exist, leaving Ioulis (Chora) as the single polis of the island."^[9] In the thirteenth century it seems to have been still the only town on the island.^[10]

Its ruins were visited by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1700 and identified by P. O. Brønsted in 1826.^[11]

References

1. ^Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary (Harper [& Brothers], 1869), p. 327.
2. ^Matt Barrett, Ioulis: Capital of Kea, Greece.
3. ^Kalispera, Kea.
4. ^Callimachus, The Poems of Callimachus, tr. Frank J. Nisetich (Oxford University Press, 2001: {{ISBN|0-19-814760-0}}), p. 47.
5. ^Craig Cooper, "Hypereides, Aristophon, and the Settlement of Keos" in Craig Cooper (ed.), Epigraphy and the Greek Historian (University of Toronto Press, 2008: {{ISBN|0-8020-9069-9}}), p. 33.
6. ^P. J. Rhodes and Robin Osborne, Greek Historical Inscriptions, 404-323 BC (Oxford University Press, 2007: {{ISBN|0-19-921649-5}}), p. 203.
7. ^William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Abacaenum-Hytanis (Little, Brown and Co., 1856), p. 587.
8. ^Lina Mendoni and Harikleia Papageorgiadou, "A Surface Survey of Roman Kea," in Susan Walker and Averil Cameron (eds), The Greek Renaissance in the Roman Empire: Papers from the Tenth British Museum Classical Colloquium (University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, 1989), p. 172.
9. ^Helle Damgaard Andersen, Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the Ninth to Sixth Centuries BC (Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997: {{ISBN|87-7289-412-1}}), p. 32.
10. ^Charles Frazee and Kathleen Frazee, The Island Princes of Greece: The Dukes of the Archipelago (A.M. Hakkert, 1988), p. 59.
11. ^Nancy Thomson De Grummond, An Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology (Greenwood Press, 1996), p. 634.