| 词条 | IPv4 header checksum |
| 释义 |
The IPv4 header checksum is a simple checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to protect the header of IPv4 data packets against data corruption. This checksum is calculated only for the header bytes, is 16 bits long and is a part of the IP packet header. CalculationRFC 791 defines the checksum calculation:[1] The checksum field is the 16-bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of all 16-bit words in the header. For purposes of computing the checksum, the value of the checksum field is zero. The result of summing the entire IP header, including checksum, should be zero if there is no corruption. At each hop, the checksum is recalculated and the packet will be discarded upon checksum mismatch. The router must adjust the checksum if it changes part of the IP header (such as when decrementing the TTL.)[2] The IPv6 protocol lacks a header checksum: its designers considered that the whole-packet link-layer checksumming provided in layer 2 transports such as PPP and Ethernet, combined with the use of checksums in upper-layer protocols such as TCP and UDP, were sufficient to make a separate header checksum unnecessary.[3] Example: calculating an IPv4 header checksumTake the following truncated excerpt of an IPv4 packet. The header is shown in bold and the checksum is underlined. 4500 0073 0000 4000 4011 b861 c0a8 0001 c0a8 00c7 0035 e97c 005f 279f 1e4b 8180 For one's complement addition, each time a carry occurs, we must add a 1 to the sum.[4] A carry check and correction can be performed with each addition or as a post-process after all additions. If another carry is generated by the correction, another 1 is added to the sum. To calculate the checksum, we can first calculate the sum of each 16 bit value within the header, skipping only the checksum field itself. Note that these values are in hexadecimal notation. The first digit is the carry count and is added to the sum: To obtain the checksum we take the one's complement of this result: B861 (as shown underlined in the original IP packet header). Example: verifying an IPv4 header checksumWhen verifying a checksum, the same procedure is used as above, except that the original header checksum is not omitted. Add the carry bits: Taking the ones' complement (flipping every bit) yields 0000, which indicates that no error is detected. IP header checksum does not check for the correct order of 16 bit values within the header. See also
External links
References1. ^{{cite IETF| title = Internet Protocol DARPA Internet program protocol specification| rfc = 791| std = 5| sectionname = Internet Header Format| page = 14|date=September 1981| publisher = IETF| accessdate = 2009-10-27}} 2. ^{{cite IETF| title = Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers| rfc = 1812| sectionname = Header Checksum| section = 4.2.2.5| page = 44| editor-last = Baker| editor-first = Fred| editor-link = Fred Baker (IETF chair)|date=June 1995| publisher = IETF| accessdate = 2009-10-27}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_9-3/ipv6_internals.html|title=IPv6 Internals|author= Iljitsch van Beijnum|date=September 2006|publisher=Cisco}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/54379.html |title=Compute 16-bit One's Complement Sum |access-date=2019-02-07}} 2 : Error detection and correction|IPv4 |
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