| 词条 | Irani café |
| 释义 |
Irani cafes are Iranian-style cafes in South Asia.[1] They were originally opened by Zoroastrian Irani immigrants to modern India and Pakistan in the 20th century.[2] Today, Hyderabad boasts the largest number of Irani cafés,{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} which are very popular for Irani chai (tea).[3][4] In the 1950s, there were 350 Irani cafés; today, only 25 remain.[1] One of the most popular eating places is the 102-year-old Kyani Café, a heritage landmark in south Mumbai.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}} ==Fare== Mumbai cafés may serve bun maska (bread and butter)[5] and paani kam chai (a strong Iranian tea), or khari chai (very strong tea), mutton samosas, and Kheema Pavs, akuri, berry pulao, vegetable puff, vegetarian/chicken Dhansak (a spicy broth with lentils, pulses) and Biryani, cherry cream custard, cheese khari biscuits, plain khari biscuits, coconut jam and milk biscuits and Dukes Raspberry drink. The Parsi Bhonu (meal) is available at most Irani restaurants.{{fact|date=September 2018}} Many Irani cafes offer sweet and salted biscuits[6] like Rawa (semolina), Til Rawa Coconut, nan-khatai (sweet, crisp flaky Irani biscuits), Madeira-Cake (tutti-frutti biscuits). Writing for the Hindu Business Line, on "Mumbai's Irani hotspots", Sarika Mehta stated, "The classic format of these cafes is basic with a subtle colonial touch; high ceilings with black, bent wooden chairs (now cane in some cafes), wooden tables with marble tops and glass jars that allow a peek into the goodies they hold. With huge glass mirrors on the walls to create a feeling of space, visitors are greeted with eagerness and a whiff of baking. The speed of operations is impressive and service quite hassle-free."[7] Cultural referencesNissim Ezekiel wrote a poem based on instruction boards found in his favourite Irani café; the now defunct Bastani and Company, in Dhobi Talao, Mumbai.[8]Footnotes1. ^1 {{cite news |author=Jayshree Bajoria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4485523.stm |title=India's Iranian cafes fading out |date=27 April 2005 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2007-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008115339/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4485523.stm |archive-date=8 October 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://images.dawn.com/news/1176209/looking-back-at-karachis-irani-cafe-culture |title=Looking back at Karachi's Irani cafe culture |work=Dawn |date=10 September 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016 |first=Asif |last=Noorani}} 3. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/food/Quintessentially-Hyderabadi%E2%80%94Irani-Tea/2015/03/05/article2699181.ece |title=Quintessentially Hyderabadi—Irani Tea |date=6 March 2015 |website=New Indian Express |access-date=20 November 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web |author=Naomi Lobo |date=20 May 2007 |url=http://www.fravahr.org/spip.php?breve260 |title=Irani cafés: Inheritance of loss |publisher=India Express |accessdate=2007-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206100038/http://www.fravahr.org/spip.php?breve260 |archive-date=6 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 5. ^{{cite book | last=Miguel | first=H.S. | title=Mumbai | publisher=Intellect Books | series=Intellect Books - World Film Locations Series | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-84150-632-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0_v3jr6TCAC&pg=PA58 | language=id | access-date=21 February 2018 | page=58}} 6. ^{{cite book | last=Damle | first=J.Y. | title=Pune: Tradition to Market: a Study of Changing Trends in Consumption with Special Reference to Service Sector in Hotel Industry | publisher=Kalpaz Publications | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-7835-895-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S95pZp81RSsC&pg=PA117 | access-date=21 February 2018 | page=117}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2006/10/06/stories/2006100600020100.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002220028/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2006/10/06/stories/2006100600020100.htm |archive-date=2007-10-02 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|author=|year=|month=|url=http://newsblog.aol.in/bloggers/sunanda-sudhir/|title= Sunanda Sudhir|publisher=newsblog.aol|accessdate=2007-12-25}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Irani cafe}}
7 : Indian drinks|Restaurants in India|Restaurants in Pakistan|Culture of Mumbai|Culture of Karachi|Restaurants in Mumbai|Bakery cafés |
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