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词条 Ironman World Championship
释义

  1. History

  2. Course records

     Men  Women 

  3. Medalists

     Men  Women 

  4. Ironman lottery

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}

The Ironman World Championship has been held annually in Hawaii since 1978, with an additional race in 1982. It is owned and organized by the World Triathlon Corporation. It is the annual culmination of a series of Ironman triathlon qualification races held throughout the world.

History

From 1978 through 1980 the race was held on the island of Oahu, the course combining that of three events already held there: the Waikiki Roughwater Swim (2.4 mi./3.86 km), the Around-Oahu Bike Race (115 mi./185.07 km, originally a two-day event), and the Honolulu Marathon. The bike stage was reduced by 3 miles to link it to the start of the marathon course. In 1981 the race was moved to the less urbanized Big Island, keeping the distances the same: a {{convert|2.4|mi|km|2}} open water swim in Kailua-Kona Bay, a {{convert|112|mi|km|2}} bike ride across the Hawaiian lava desert to Hāwī and back, and a marathon (26 miles 385 yards, 42.195 km) run along the coast of the Big Island from Keauhou to Keahole Point and back to Kailua-Kona, finishing on Ali{{okina}}i Drive.

Since 1982, the race has been held in the fall each year, before which it was held in the spring, giving two races in 1982. The most recent Ironman World Championship took place on 13 October 2018. Qualifying for the World Championship is achieved through placement in one of the other Ironman races or some Ironman 70.3 races. For the 2017 event there were 40 qualifying Ironman races and 4 at the 70.3 distance [1].

The current Ironman Hawaii course record was set in 2018 by Patrick Lange (Germany), whose winning time was 7 hrs 52 min 39 sec. The women's course record is 8 hrs 26 mins 18 sec, set in 2018 by Daniela Ryf (Switzerland)[2].

Athletes with disabilities compete in the event in the physically challenged category, which was instituted in 1997, and are required to meet the same cutoff times as able bodied competitors. Australian John Maclean was the first physically challenged athlete to complete the event.[3]

Course records

Men

EventRecordAthleteNationalityEditionRef
Full Course7:52:39
(50:37-2:05-4:16:04-2:22-2:41:31)		Patrick Lange{{GER}}2018[4][5]
Swim (3.862 km)46:29Jan Sibbersen{{GER}}2018[6][7]
Bike (180.246 km)4:09:06Cameron Wurf{{AUS}}2018[8] [9]
Run (42.195 km)2:39:45Patrick Lange{{GER}}2016[10][11]

Women

EventRecordAthleteNationalityEditionRef
Full Course8:26:18
(57:27-3:22-4:26:07-2:17-2:57:05)		Daniela Ryf{{SUI}}2018[12]
Swim (3.862 km)48:14Lucy Charles{{UK}}2018[13]
Bike (180.246 km)4:26:07Daniela Ryf{{SUI}}2018[14]
Run (42.195 km)2:50:26Mirinda Carfrae{{AUS}}2014[15]

Medalists

Men

YearGoldTimeSilverTimeBronzeTime
2018Patrick Lange|GER}}7:52:39}}Bart Aernouts|BEL}}7:56:41}}David McNamee|GBR}}8:01:09}}
2017Patrick Lange|GER}}8:01:40}}Lionel Sanders|CAN}}8:04:07}}David McNamee|GBR}}8:07:11}}
2016Jan Frodeno |GER}}8:06:30}}Sebastian Kienle|GER}}8:10:02}}Patrick Lange|GER}}8:11:14}}
2015Jan Frodeno |GER}}8:14:40}}Andreas Raelert|GER}}8:17:43}}Timothy O'Donnell|USA}}8:18:50}}
2014Sebastian Kienle|GER}}8:14:18}}Ben Hoffman |USA}}8:19:23}}Jan Frodeno |GER}}8:20:32}}
2013Frederik Van Lierde|BEL}}8:12:29}}Luke McKenzie|AUS}}8:15:19}}Sebastian Kienle|GER}}8:19:24}}
2012Pete Jacobs|AUS}}8:18:37}}Andreas Raelert|GER}}8:23:40}}Frederik Van Lierde|BEL}}8:24:09}}
2011Craig Alexander|AUS}}8:03:56}}Pete Jacobs|AUS}}8:09:11}}Andreas Raelert|GER}}8:11:07}}
2010Chris McCormack|AUS}}8:10:37}}Andreas Raelert|GER}}8:12:17}}Marino Vanhoenacker|BEL}}8:13:14}}
2009Craig Alexander|AUS}}8:20:21}}Chris Lieto|USA}}8:22:56}}Andreas Raelert|GER}}8:24:32}}
2008Craig Alexander|AUS}}8:17:45}}Eneko Llanos|ESP}}8:20:50}}Rutger Beke|BEL}}8:21:23}}
2007Chris McCormack|AUS}}8:15:34}}Craig Alexander|AUS}}8:19:04}}Torbjørn Sindballe|DEN}}8:21:30}}
2006Normann Stadler|GER}}8:11:58}}Chris McCormack|AUS}}8:13:10}}Faris Al-Sultan|GER}}8:19:05}}
2005Faris Al-Sultan|GER}}8:14:17}}Cameron Brown|NZL}}8:19:36}}Peter Reid|CAN}}8:20:04}}
2004Normann Stadler|GER}}8:33:29}}Peter Reid|CAN}}8:43:40}}Faris Al-Sultan|GER}}8:45:14}}
2003Peter Reid|CAN}}8:22:35}}Rutger Beke|BEL}}8:28:27}}Cameron Brown|NZL}}8:30:08}}
2002Tim DeBoom|USA}}8:29:56}}Peter Reid|CAN}}8:33:06}}Cameron Brown|NZL}}8:35:34}}
2001Tim DeBoom|USA}}8:31:18}}Cameron Brown|NZL}}8:46:10}}Thomas Hellriegel|GER}}8:47:40}}
2000Peter Reid|CAN}}8:21:01}}Tim DeBoom|USA}}8:23:10}}Normann Stadler|GER}}8:26:45}}
1999Luc Van Lierde|BEL}}8:17:17}}Peter Reid|CAN}}8:22:54}}Tim DeBoom|USA}}8:25:42}}
1998Peter Reid|CAN}}8:24:20}}Luc Van Lierde|BEL}}8:31:57}}Lothar Leder|GER}}8:32:57}}
1997Thomas Hellriegel|GER}}8:33:01}}Jürgen Zäck|GER}}8:39:18}}Lothar Leder|GER}}8:40:30}}
1996Luc Van Lierde|BEL}}8:04:08}}Thomas Hellriegel|GER}}8:06:07}}Greg Welch|AUS}}8:18:57}}
1995Mark Allen|USA}}8:20:34}}Thomas Hellriegel|GER}}8:22:59}}Rainer Müller-Hörner|GER}}8:25:23}}
1994Greg Welch|AUS}}8:20:27}}Dave Scott|USA}}8:24:32}}Jeff Devlin|USA}}8:31:56}}
1993Mark Allen|USA}}8:07:45}}Pauli Kiuru|FIN}}8:14:27}}Wolfgang Dittrich|GER}}8:20:13}}
1992Mark Allen|USA}}8:09:08}}Cristián Bustos|CHI}}8:16:29}}Pauli Kiuru|FIN}}8:17:29}}
1991Mark Allen|USA}}8:18:32}}Greg Welch|AUS}}8:24:34}}Jeff Devlin|USA}}8:27:55}}
1990Mark Allen|USA}}8:28:17}}Scott Tinley|USA}}8:37:40}}Pauli Kiuru|FIN}}8:39:24}}
1989Mark Allen|USA}}8:09:14}}Dave Scott|USA}}8:10:13}}Greg Welch|AUS}}8:32:16}}
1988Scott Molina|USA}}8:31:00}}Mike Pigg|USA}}8:33:11}}Ken Glah|USA}}8:38:37}}
1987Dave Scott|USA}}8:34:13}}Mark Allen|USA}}8:45:19}}Greg Stewart|AUS}}8:58:53}}
1986Dave Scott|USA}}8:28:37}}Mark Allen|USA}}8:36:04}}Scott Tinley|USA}}9:00:37}}
1985Scott Tinley|USA}}8:50:54}}Chris Hinshaw|USA}}9:16:40}}Carl Kupferschmid|SUI}}9:26:32}}
1984Dave Scott|USA}}8:54:20}}Scott Tinley|USA}}9:18:45}}Grant Boswell|USA}}9:23:55}}
1983Dave Scott|USA}}9:05:57}}Scott Tinley|USA}}9:06:30}}Mark Allen|USA}}9:21:06}}
1982 (Oct)Dave Scott|USA}}9:08:23}}Scott Tinley|USA}}9:28:28}}Jeff Tinley|USA}}9:36:53}}
1982 (Feb)Scott Tinley|USA}}9:19:41}}Dave Scott|USA}}9:53:16}}Jeff Tinley|USA}}9:53:16}}
1981John Howard|USA}}9:38:29}}Tom Warren|USA}}10:04:38}}Scott Tinley|USA}}10:12:47}}
1980Dave Scott|USA}}9:24:33}}Chuck Neumann|USA}}10:24:41}}John Howard|USA}}10:32:36}}
1979Tom Warren|USA}}11:15:56}}John Dunbar|USA}}12:03:56}}Ian Emberson|USA}}12:23:30}}
1978Gordon Haller|USA}}11:46:58}}John Dunbar|USA}}12:20:27}}Dave Orlowski|USA}}13:59:13}}
  • 20: {{USA}}
  • 9: {{GER}}
  • 7: {{AUS}}
  • 3: {{BEL}} {{CAN}}

Women

YearGoldTimeSilverTimeBronzeTime
2018Daniela Ryf|SUI}}8:26:18}}Lucy Charles|GBR}}8:36:32}}Anne Haug|GER}}8:41:57}}
2017Daniela Ryf|SUI}}8:50:47}}Lucy Charles|GBR}}8:59:38}}Sarah Crowley|AUS}}9:01:38}}
2016Daniela Ryf|SUI}}8:46:46}}Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}9:10:30}}Heather Jackson|USA}}9:11:32}}
2015Daniela Ryf|SUI}}8:57:57}}Rachel Joyce|GBR}}9:10:59}}Liz Blatchford|GBR}}9:14:52}}
2014Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}9:00:55}}Daniela Ryf|SUI}}9:02:57}}Rachel Joyce|GBR}}9:04:23}}
2013Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}8:52:14}}Rachel Joyce|GBR}}8:57:28}}Liz Blatchford|GBR}}9:03:35}}
2012Leanda Cave|GBR}}9:15:54}}Caroline Steffen|SUI}}9:16:58}}Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}9:21:41}}
2011Chrissie Wellington|GBR}}8:55:08}}Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}8:57:57}}Leanda Cave|GBR}}9:03:29}}
2010Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}8:58:36}}Caroline Steffen|SUI}}9:06:00}}Julie Dibens|GBR}}9:10:04}}
2009Chrissie Wellington|GBR}}8:54:02}}Mirinda Carfrae|AUS}}9:13:59}}Virginia Berasategui|ESP}}9:15:28}}
2008Chrissie Wellington|GBR}}9:06:23}}Yvonne van Vlerken|NED}}9:21:20}}Sandra Wallenhorst|GER}}9:22:52}}
2007Chrissie Wellington|GBR}}9:08:45}}Samantha McGlone|CAN}}9:14:04}}Kate Major|AUS}}9:19:13}}
2006Michellie Jones|AUS}}9:18:31}}Desiree Ficker|USA}}9:24:02}}Lisa Bentley|CAN}}9:25:18}}
2005Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:09:30}}Michellie Jones|AUS}}9:11:51}}Kate Major|AUS}}9:12:39}}
2004Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:50:04}}Heather Fuhr|CAN}}9:56:19}}Kate Major|AUS}}10:01:56}}
2003Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:11:55}}Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:17:08}}Nina Kraft|GER}}9:17:16}}
2002Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:07:54}}Nina Kraft|GER}}9:14:24}}Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:22:27}}
2001Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:28:37}}Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:32:59}}Nina Kraft|GER}}9:41:01}}
2000Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:26:17}}Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:29:05}}Fernanda Keller|BRA}}9:31:29}}
1999Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:13:02}}Karen Smyers|USA}}9:20:40}}Fernanda Keller|BRA}}9:24:30}}
1998Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:24:16}}Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:27:19}}Fernanda Keller|BRA}}9:28:29}}
1997Heather Fuhr|CAN}}9:31:43}}Lori Bowden|CAN}}9:41:42}}Fernanda Keller|BRA}}9:50:02}}
1996Paula Newby-Fraser†|USA}}9:06:49}}Natascha Badmann|SUI}}9:11:19}}Karen Smyers|USA}}9:19:13}}
1995Karen Smyers|USA}}9:16:46}}Isabelle Mouthon|FRA}}9:25:13}}Fernanda Keller|BRA}}9:37:48}}
1994Paula Newby-Fraser|USA}}9:20:14}}Karen Smyers|USA}}9:28:08}}Fernanda Keller|BRA}}9:43:30}}
1993Paula Newby-Fraser|USA}}8:58:23}}Erin Baker|NZL}}9:08:04}}Susan Latshaw|USA}}9:20:40}}
1992Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}8:55:28}}Julie Anne White|CAN}}9:21:40}}Thea Sybesma|NED}}9:26:57}}
1991Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}9:07:52}}Erin Baker|NZL}}9:23:37}}Sarah Coope|GBR}}9:33:20}}
1990Erin Baker|NZL}}9:13:42}}Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}9:20:01}}Terri Schneider|USA}}10:00:34}}
1989Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}9:00:56}}Sylviane Puntous|CAN}}9:21:55}}Kirsten Hanssen|USA}}9:24:31}}
1988Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}9:01:01}}Erin Baker|NZL}}9:12:14}}Kirsten Hanssen|USA}}9:37:25}}
1987Erin Baker|NZL}}9:35:25}}Sylviane Puntous|CAN}}9:36:57}}Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}9:40:37}}
1986Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}9:49:14}}Sylviane Puntous|CAN}}9:53:13}}Joanne Ernst|USA}}10:00:07}}
1985Joanne Ernst|USA}}10:25:22}}Elizabeth Bulman|USA}}10:26:55}}Paula Newby-Fraser|ZIM}}10:31:04}}
1984Sylviane Puntous|CAN}}10:25:13}}Patricia Puntous|CAN}}10:27:28}}Julie Olson|USA}}10:38:10}}
1983Sylviane Puntous|CAN}}10:43:36}}Patricia Puntous|CAN}}10:49:17}}Eva Ueltzen|USA}}11:01:49}}
{{hs|1982.10}}1982 (Oct)Julie Leach|USA}}10:54:08}}Jo Ann Dahlkoetter|USA}}10:58:21}}Sally Edwards|USA}}11:03:00}}
{{hs|1982.02}}1982 (Feb)Kathleen McCartney|USA}}11:09:40}}Julie Moss|USA}}11:10:09}}Lyn Brooks|USA}}
{{flagathlete|Sally Edwards|USA}}		11:51:00}}
1981Linda Sweeney|USA}}12:02:32}}Sally Edwards|USA}}12:37:25}}Lyn Brooks|USA}}12:42:15}}
1980Robin Beck|USA}}11:21:24}}Eve Anderson|USA}}15:40:59}}
1979Lyn Lemaire|USA}}12:55:38}}
  • 10: {{USA}} {{SUI}}
  • 5: {{GBR}} {{CAN}} {{ZIM}}
  • 4: {{AUS}}
  • 2: {{NZL}}

†{{small|Paula Newby Fraser was a citizen and represented the United States for the 1993, 1994 and 1996 race ; Ironman.ch Results}}

Ironman lottery

Until 2015, individuals could enter a lottery for the chance to participate in the Ironman World Championship. The lottery entry fee was $50 and afforded the chance to win one of 100 berths in the championship race. If selected the winners then had to pay the normal entry fee.[16]

However, according to a sworn complaint filed with the U.S. District Court in Tampa, Florida, Ironman illegally charged athletes for a chance to win the opportunity to compete in the Ironman World Championship.[17][18] According to Florida law, the state where the World Triathlon Corporation resides, it is illegal to set up and charge for a lottery.[19] Because WTC charged a $50 fee to enter the lottery, instead of giving away the opportunity to win a slot at the championships, they were in violation of this law.[20] Following the complaint WTC cooperated with the United States Attorneys office and the FBI's investigation of the matter and agreed to forfeit $2,761,910, the amount collected from the lottery since 24 October 2012.[17][21] The attorney representing the United States in the matter was 8-time Ironman finisher James A. Muench.[22]

Winners of the 2015 lottery were notified on 17 March 2015, prior to the announcement of the complaint.[18] WTC stated that these winners would be unaffected by this decision and that their slots for the upcoming championship race would be honored.[23]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://onetomulti.com/2017/10/10/kona-ironman-world-championship-all-you-need-to-know/|title=Kona Ironman World Championship - All You Need To Know - One To Multi|author=|date=10 October 2017|website=onetomulti.com|accessdate=23 March 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://eu.ironman.com/triathlon/coverage/athlete-tracker.aspx|title=Athlete Tracker|author=|date=|website=IRONMAN.com|accessdate=23 March 2018}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=|title=Ironman World Championship|date=6 October 2011|accessdate=28 August 2012|publisher=ESPN.com}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Patrick Lange results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=https://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=95900&status=results&bib=M1|date=13 October 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Ironman.com - Patrick Lange results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/events/americas/ironman/world-championship/results.aspx?rd=20181013&race=worldchampionship&bidid=1&detail=1#axzz5TsBoXhUe|date=13 October 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Jan Sibbersen results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=https://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=95900&status=results&bib=1317|date=13 October 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Jan Sibbersen results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/events/americas/ironman/world-championship/results.aspx?y=2018&rd=20181013&race=worldchampionship&bidid=1317&detail=1#axzz5TsBoXhUe|date=13 October 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Cameron Wurf results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=https://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=95900&status=results&bib=M19|date=13 October 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Ironman - Cameron Wurf results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/events/americas/ironman/world-championship/results.aspx?rd=20181013&race=worldchampionship&bidid=19&detail=1#axzz5TsBoXhUe|date=13 October 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Triathlete goes sub-2:40 to break course marathon record at Ironman championships|url=https://runningmagazine.ca/patrick-lange-kona-hawaii-marathon-record/|publisher=Canadian Running Magazine|date=9 October 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Ironman.com - Patrick Lange results - IRONMAN World Championship 2016|url=http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/events/americas/ironman/world-championship/results.aspx?rd=20161008&race=worldchampionship&bidid=20&detail=1#axzz5TsBoXhUe|date=8 October 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Daniela Ryf results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=https://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=95900&status=results&bib=F1|date=13 October 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Lucy Charles results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=https://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=95900&status=results&bib=F2|date=13 October 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Sportstats.com - Daniela Ryf results - IRONMAN World Championship 2018|url=https://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=95900&status=results&bib=F1|date=13 October 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=New Women's Standards Set in Kona|url=http://eu.ironman.com/triathlon/events/americas/ironman/world-championship/results.aspx?race=worldchampionship&rd=20141011&y=2014&sex=F&agegroup=Pro&loc=#axzz5TjtFkRFz |date=11 October 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/lottery-and-legacy.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217142952/http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/lottery-and-legacy.aspx|archivedate=17 February 2014 |accessdate=12 November 2015|publisher=World Triathlon Corporation|title=Lottery and Legacy|date=1 September 2013}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/tampa/press-releases/2015/world-triathlon-corporation-ironman-forfeits-more-than-2.7-million-in-lottery-proceeds|title=World Triathlon Corporation (Ironman) Forfeits More Than $2.7 Million in Lottery Proceeds|date=13 May 2015|accessdate=20 May 2015|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/265793543?access_key=key-wX7Zm05h6PMOOSFJLeVX&allow_share=true&escape=false&view_mode=scroll|title=U.S. District Court Complaint|accessdate=20 May 2015|publisher=scribd.com}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gambling-law-us.com/State-Laws/Florida/#849.09|title=849.09 Lottery prohibited; exceptions.|accessdate=20 May 2015|publisher=gambling-law-us.com}}
20. ^.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/13/us-usa-florida-ironman-idUSKBN0NY29M20150513|last=Stein|first=Letitia|title=Ironman triathlon ran illegal lottery for athletes: U.S. prosecutors|date=13 May 2015|accessdate=20 May 2015|publisher=Reuters}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadspin.com/complaint-ironman-ran-an-illegal-lottery-and-made-mill-1705345614|last=Moskovitz|first=Diana|title=Feds: Ironman Ran An Illegal Lottery And Made Millions|date=19 May 2015|accessdate=20 May 2015|publisher=deadspin.com}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.outsideonline.com/1981506/how-ironman-lottery-smackdown-affects-other-endurance-events|title=The Ironman Lottery Is Dead. Up Next: Your Local Race?|last=Cornwall|first=Warren|date=18 May 2015|newspaper=Outside Online|access-date=23 October 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ironman.com/triathlon/news/articles/2015/05/ironman-responds-to-kona-lottery-decision.aspx#axzz3ahHe2Ind|title=Statement from IRONMAN in response to recent DOJ decision|accessdate=20 May 2015|publisher=Ironman.com|date=13 May 2015}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://ironman.com/events/ironman/worldchampionship/?show=results |title=World Championship » Ironman.com (Race Results) |publisher=World Triathlon Corporation |accessdate=22 March 2009 }}
  • {{cite web |url=http://admin.ironman.com/assets/files/mediacenter/Media_Guides/2009/Kona_Media_Guide.pdf|title=2009 World Championship Media Guide (pp 98-128 lists IRONMAN World Championship race results) » Ironman.com |publisher=World Triathlon Corporation |accessdate=27 November 2009 }}

External links

{{Commons category|Ironman World Championships}}
  • Ironman.com
  • World Triathlon Corporation
  • Ironman Hawaii ALL-TIME Rankings Men Masters
  • Ironman Hawaii ALL-TIME Rankings Women Masters
{{WTC Ironman World Championship Navbox}}{{Authority control}}

7 : Tourist attractions in Hawaii County, Hawaii|Recurring sporting events established in 1978|Sports competitions in Hawaii|Ironman World Championship|Annual sporting events|1978 establishments in Hawaii|Annual sporting events in the United States
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