| 词条 | I Royal Bavarian Corps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| unit_name = I Royal Bavarian Army Corps I. Königlich Bayerische Armee-Korps | abbreviation = I Bavarian AK | image= | caption=Flag of the Staff of a Generalkommando (1871–1918) | start_date = {{Start date|1869|df=y}} | end_date = {{End date|1919}} | country={{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}} {{flag|German Empire}} | branch = | type = Corps | role = | size = Approximately 44,000 (on mobilisation in 1914) | command_structure = | garrison=Munich | garrison_label= | nickname = | patron = | motto = | colors = | colors_label = | march = | mascot = | battles = Franco-Prussian War Battle of Worth (1870) Battle of Beaumont Battle of Bazeilles Battle of Sedan (1870) Loire CampaignWorld War I Battle of the Frontiers Race to the Sea Battle of Verdun Battle of the Somme | anniversaries = | decorations = | battle_honours = | current_commander= | current_commander_label= | ceremonial_chief= | ceremonial_chief_label= | colonel_of_the_regiment= | colonel_of_the_regiment_label= | notable_commanders = | identification_symbol= | identification_symbol_label= | identification_symbol_2= | identification_symbol_2_label= }} The I Royal Bavarian Army Corps / I Bavarian AK ({{lang-de|I. Königlich Bayerisches Armee-Korps}}) was a corps level command of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the German Army, before and during World War I.{{efn|From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army as, during the period of German unification (1866-1871), the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies. Only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous and came under Prussian control only during wartime.}} As part of the 1868 army reform, the I Royal Bavarian Army Corps of the Bavarian Army was set up in 1869 in Munich as the Generalkommando (headquarters) for the southern part of the Kingdom. With the formation of the III Royal Bavarian Corps in 1900, it was made responsible for Swabia and most of Upper and Lower Bavaria. Like all Bavarian formations, it was assigned to the IV Army Inspectorate.[1] This became the 6th Army at the start of the First World War. The Corps was disbanded at the end of the war along with the Kingdom of Bavaria. Franco-Prussian WarThe I Royal Bavarian Corps (along with the II Royal Bavarian Corps) participated in the Franco-Prussian War as part of the 3rd Army. It initially fought in the battles of Worth, Beaumont and the Bazeilles, where it lost about 7,000 men, it also fought at the decisive battle of Sedan. After Sedan, the Corps was responsible for the removal of prisoners and ensuring transport of the booty. Thereafter, it moved south of Paris to the Loire, to shield the army during the Siege of Paris. A newly formed French Corps gathered in the Orléans area, so the Corps was reinforced by the 17th Division, 22nd Division and two cavalry divisions. After the Battle of Artenay, Orléans was captured and the reinforcing divisions were removed so the Corps did not have them for the first battles against the Army of the Loire. As a result of the subsequent Battle of Coulmiers, Orléans was lost once again. In the period from October to late December 1870, the Corps was on service without interruption, particularly from the beginning of November in the battles of Villepion, Loigny, Orléans and Beaugency, usually against a numerically superior enemy. The losses in December alone amounted to 5,600 men. A planned return to the siege army at Paris had to be postponed several times because the Bavarians could not be spared. Peacetime organisationThe 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army (Guards, I - XXI, I - III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each.[2] Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule: V, VI, VII, IX and XIV Corps each had a 5th infantry brigade (so 10 infantry regiments) II, XIII, XVIII and XXI Corps had a 9th infantry regiment I, VI and XVI Corps had a 3rd cavalry brigade (so 6 cavalry regiments) the Guards Corps had 11 infantry regiments (in 5 brigades) and 8 cavalry regiments (in 4 brigades).[3] Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more Foot Artillery Regiment Jäger Battalion Pioneer Battalion Train Battalion
World War IOrganisation on mobilisationOn mobilization, on 2 August 1914, the Corps was restructured. 1st Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the Bavarian Cavalry Division[5] and the 2nd Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. In summary, I Bavarian Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions, 8 machine gun companies (48 machine guns), 8 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries (144 guns), 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.
Combat chronicleOn mobilisation, I Royal Bavarian Corps was assigned to the predominantly Bavarian 6th Army forming part of the left wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914. It was still in existence at the end of the war[10] in the 18th Army, Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front.[11] CommandersThe I Royal Bavarian Corps had the following commanders during its existence:[12][13][14]
Headquarters staff during World War IFrom 2 August 1914, its headquarters staff were:
See also{{portal|Germany|World War I}}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{harvnb|Cron|2002|p=394}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1996|pp=193–194}} 3. ^They formed the Guards Cavalry Division, the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army. 4. ^{{harvnb|War Office|1918|p=261}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Cron|2002|p=301}} 6. ^{{harvnb|Cron|2002|pp=318}} 7. ^Without a machine gun company 8. ^{{harvnb|Cron|2002|p=301}} also shows the 1st Bavarian Jäger Battalion assigned to the Bavarian Cavalry Division with III Cavalry Corps 9. ^4 heavy artillery batteries (16 heavy field howitzers) 10. ^{{harvnb|Cron|2002|pp=88–89}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Ellis|Cox|1993|pp=186–187}} 12. ^German Administrative History Accessed: 9 April 2012 13. ^German War History Accessed: 9 April 2012 14. ^The Prussian Machine Accessed: 7 June 2012 Bibliography
| ref = harv | last = Cron | first = Hermann | year = 2002 | title = Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937] | publisher = Helion & Co | isbn = 1-874622-70-1 }}
| ref = harv | last1 = Ellis | first1 = John | last2 = Cox | first2 = Michael | year = 1993 | title = The World War I Databook | publisher = Aurum Press Ltd | isbn = 1-85410-766-6 }}
| ref = harv | last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J. | year = 1996 | title = The World War One Source Book | publisher = Arms and Armour | isbn = 1-85409-351-7 }}
| year = 1920 | title = Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 | publisher = The London Stamp Exchange Ltd (1989) | isbn = 0-948130-87-3 | ref = {{harvid|AEF GHQ|1920}} }}
| year = 1918 | title = The German Forces in the Field; 7th Revision, 11th November 1918; Compiled by the General Staff, War Office | publisher = Imperial War Museum, London and The Battery Press, Inc (1995) | isbn = 1-870423-95-X | ref = {{harvid|War Office|1918}} }}{{German Empire Corps}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}{{DEFAULTSORT:B01}} 5 : Corps of Germany in World War I|Military units and formations of Bavaria|1869 establishments in Bavaria|Military units and formations established in 1869|Military units and formations disestablished in 1919 |
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