| 词条 | Irvingtonian |
| 释义 |
The Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), spanning from 1.9 million – 250,000 years BP.[1] Named after an assemblage of fossils from the Irvington District of Fremont, California,[2] the Irvingtonian is usually considered to overlap the Lower Pleistocene and Middle Pleistocene epochs. The Irvingtonian is preceded by the Blancan and followed by the Rancholabrean NALMA stages. The Irvingtonian can be further divided into substages:
Fauna{{col-begin|width=75%}}{{col-1-of-2}} Notable mammalsArtiodactyla - even-toed ungulates
Carnivora - carnivores
Lagomorpha - lagomorphs
Perissodactyla - odd-toed ungulates
Rodentia - rodents
Notable birdsCharadriiformes
Falconiformes - diurnal raptors
==References== 1. ^1 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263425514_The_Blancan_Irvingtonian_and_Rancholabrean_Mammal_Ages The _Blancan, Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean Mammal Ages] by Christopher J. Bell and Ernest L. Lundelius Jr., Anthony D. Barnosky, Russell W. Graham, Everett H. Lindsay, Dennis R. Ruez Jr., Holmes A. Semken Jr., S. David Webb, and Richard J. Zakrzewski. January 2004 in the book: Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. Chapter: 7. Publisher: Columbia University Press; Editors: Michael O. Woodburne. pp274-276 {{Quaternary Footer}}2. ^{{aut|Savage, D.E.}} (1951) Late Cenozoic vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay region, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 28:215-314 3. ^1 Wetmore (1937) 4. ^Feduccia (1970) 6 : Irvingtonian|Pleistocene life|Calabrian (stage)|Middle Pleistocene|Pleistocene animals of North America|Pleistocene California |
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