| 词条 | Isaac Toussie |
| 释义 |
| name = Isaac Robert Toussie | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = 1971 | nationality = American | occupation = real estate developer | years_active = 1993–2003 | known_for = fraud conviction, revoked presidential pardon | criminal_charge = making false statements, mail fraud | criminal_penalty = 5 months incarceration, 3 years probation, $10,000 fine }}Isaac Robert Toussie (born 1971) is a Brooklyn, New York real estate developer convicted of fraudulently obtaining mortgages from the Department of Housing and Urban Development. On December 23, 2008, Toussie was granted a pardon by President George W. Bush; however, this pardon was revoked the following day, amid controversy over its apparent impropriety.[1] Crimes and convictionToussie entered the real estate business with his father, Robert Toussie, in 1993.[2] In 1999, Isaac Toussie was charged with making false statements to the Department of Housing and Urban Development in obtaining mortgages, and with mail fraud, stemming from a letter he sent to Suffolk County officials which overstated the value of a property the county would later buy from Toussie's father.[3][3] Toussie pleaded guilty on May 24, 2001 to the false statement charge. He subsequently pleaded guilty on December 10, 2002 to the mail fraud charge. In July 2003, Toussie was sentenced to five months of incarceration, followed by three years of probation, and on September 22, 2003, he was fined $10,000.[4] Isaac Toussie and his father are among the co-defendants in an ongoing class action suit, filed in 2001 by 400 families who claim they were sold shoddily-constructed properties at inflated prices, and told that property taxes would be reduced or deferred. Homeowners paid between US$160,000 and $200,000 for the Suffolk County and Staten Island homes.[5] The suit is the largest ever real estate discrimination suit in New York State.[6] Toussie placed advertisements in New York City newspapers, offering affordable housing and easy financing, even to individuals with poor credit. The suit claims that these ads included fake endorsements from black celebrities, including Whoopi Goldberg and Maya Angelou.[7][8] Investigators discovered that Toussie had worked with various real estate attorneys, mortgage bankers and home appraisers to get mortgages for hundreds of low-income home-buyers who wouldn't otherwise qualify, and then sell those same people low-quality, overpriced houses that they couldn't afford.[9] Pardon and revocationOn December 23, 2008, President Bush granted a pardon to Toussie, angering people who felt Toussie had defrauded them.[10][11] However, the pardon was withdrawn the next day, following a report by the New York Daily News that Toussie's father, Robert Toussie, had given $28,500 to the Republican Party and $2,300 to the presidential campaign of U.S. Senator John McCain.[10] White House press secretary Dana Perino stated that the pardon would be reviewed, in light of the new information.[12] A White House press release read, in part: {{quote|Based on information that has subsequently come to light, the President has directed the Pardon Attorney not to execute and deliver a Grant of Clemency to Mr. Toussie. The Pardon Attorney has not provided a recommendation on Mr. Toussie's case because it was filed less than five years from completion of his sentence. The President believes that the Pardon Attorney should have an opportunity to review this case before a decision on clemency is made.[13]}}The action by Mr. Bush to revoke the pardon is considered unprecedented, and it is unclear that the president has the power to withdraw a pardon.[14] However, the Justice Department has stated that the pardon was never official, having never been delivered to the person who requested it, and that Toussie would have no legal ground on which to challenge the withdrawal.[8] It appears that the pardon would have made it possible for Toussie to re-enter the real estate business in New York state, which he would not be able to do as a felon.[15] The pardon was also unusual in that it violated a Justice Department guideline stipulating that convicted criminals not be considered for pardons less than five years after the completion of their sentences. The president is not legally bound by the Justice Department guideline. Toussie's legal representation apparently bypassed normal procedure, and appealed directly to the administration, rather than going through the Justice Department or the chain of command. Toussie's lawyer, Bernard Berenson, was formerly part of the Office of the White House Counsel.[16] White House Counsel Fred Fielding approved the application for the pardon.[7] On December 27, the Daily News published a photograph of the elder Toussie shaking hands with President Bush, posed in front of an American flag.[17] References1. ^{{Cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/25/washington/25pardon.html?_r=0 |title=Pardon Lasts One Day for Man in Fraud Case|author=David Stout and Eric Lichtblau|publisher=The New York Times |date =December 24, 2008}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toussie, Isaac}}2. ^{{cite news | last = Sherman | first = William | title = Toussies' trail a doozie: Bush missed half-century of corruption, scam claims against father and son | work = New York Daily News | date = December 26, 2008 | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/toussies-trail-doozie-bush-missed-half-century-corruption-scam-claims-father-son-article-1.357170 | accessdate = 2017-03-22}} 3. ^{{cite web | title = United State of America, Memorandum and Order against Isaac Toussie | publisher = United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York | date = August 29, 2005 | url = http://www.websupp.org/data/EDNY/0:00-cr-00020-91-EDNY.pdf | accessdate = 2008-12-26}} 4. ^{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Robert E. |title=Toussie son fined, avoids restitution |work=Chicago Tribune |date=September 23, 2003 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/ny-chandler0525b,0,7723814.story |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501214304/http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/ny-chandler0525b%2C0%2C7723814.story |archivedate=May 1, 2009 |accessdate=2008-12-28 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 5. ^{{cite news | last = Baker | first = Al | title = Homeowners' Suit Says They Are Victims in Deceptive Sales Scheme | work = The New York Times | date = July 11, 2001 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E5DC1F38F932A25754C0A9679C8B63 | accessdate = 2008-12-28}} 6. ^{{cite news |last=Mason-Draffen |first=Carrie |title=400 Families Sue Builder |work=Newsday |date=July 11, 2001 |url=http://xml.newsday.com/topic/ny-toussie0711,0,3346587.story |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226110314/http://xml.newsday.com/topic/ny-toussie0711%2C0%2C3346587.story |archivedate=December 26, 2008 |accessdate=2008-12-28 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news | last = Sellman | first = Mark | title = Bush revokes pardon for fraudster, Isaac Toussie, whose father donated to Republicans | work = Times Online | date = December 25, 2008 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5396954.ece#cid=OTC-RSS&attr=2015164 | accessdate = 2008-12-26 | location=London}} 8. ^1 {{cite news | last = Belson | first = Ken |author2=Eric Lichtblau | title = A Father, a Son, and a Short-Lived Presidential Pardon | work = The New York Times | date = December 25, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/26/us/26pardon.html?bl&ex=1230440400&en=a19dbf6b15622b6c&ei=5087%0A | accessdate = 2008-12-26}} 9. ^{{cite news | title = Hundreds Fall for New York Housing Scam | work = consumeraffairs.com | date = June 24, 2001 | url = http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/housing_scam.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913113149/http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/housing_scam.html|archivedate=September 13, 2015 | accessdate = 2008-12-28}} 10. ^1 {{cite news | last = Stout | first = David |author2=Eric Lichtblau | title = Pardon Lasts One Day for Man in Fraud Case | work = The New York Times | date = December 24, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/25/washington/25pardon.html?hp | accessdate = 2008-12-26}} 11. ^{{cite news | last = Marzulli | first = John |author2=Celeste Katz | title = Toussie's victims feel like the roof has fallen in | work = New York Daily News | date = December 23, 2008 | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/toussie-victims-feel-roof-fallen-article-1.354824 | accessdate = 2008-12-26}} 12. ^{{cite news | last = Loven | first = Jennifer | title = Bush withdraws 1 of 19 pardons he issued Tuesday | publisher = The Associated Press | date = December 25, 2008 | url = http://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/ci_11305085 | accessdate = 2017-03-22}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Tumulty|first1=Karen|title=Pardon Season Update|url=http://swampland.time.com/2008/12/24/pardon-season-update/|accessdate=22 March 2017|work=Time|date=December 24, 2008}} 14. ^{{cite web | last = Froomkin | first = Michael | title = Bush "Revokes" A Pardon (When Do Pardons Vest?) | publisher = Discourse.net | date = December 24, 2008 | url = http://www.discourse.net/2008/12/bush_revokes_a_pardon_when_do_pardons_vest/ | accessdate = 2008-12-26}} 15. ^{{cite news |last=German |first=Erik |title=Pardon would have cleared way for scammer to re-enter real estate biz |work=Newsday |date=December 27, 2008 |url=http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/saturday/longisland/ny-potous275978800dec27,0,3567265.story |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164259/http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/saturday/longisland/ny-potous275978800dec27%2C0%2C3567265.story |archivedate=January 11, 2009 |accessdate=2017-03-22 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 16. ^{{cite news | last = Black | first = Chris | title = The Daily Muck | work = TPM Muckraker | publisher = TalkingPointsMemo.com | date = December 26, 2008 | url = http://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/the-daily-muck--96 | accessdate = 2008-12-26}} 17. ^{{cite news | last = Katz | first = Celeste | title = Photo surfaces of President Bush with father of housing scammer Isaac Toussie | work = New York Daily News | date = December 27, 2008 | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/photo-surfaces-president-bush-father-housing-scammer-isaac-toussie-article-1.355714 | accessdate = 2008-12-27}} 10 : Recipients of American presidential pardons|American fraudsters|American real estate businesspeople|People from Brooklyn|Living people|American people convicted of fraud|1971 births|People convicted of making false statements|American businesspeople convicted of crimes|New York (state) Republicans |
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