| 词条 | Isa Kelemechi |
| 释义 |
Astrologer in ChinaIsa Kelemechi was named head of the "Office of Western Astronomy" established by the Mongol ruler Kubilai Khan in 1263 to study Muslim astronomical observations.[3] Kubilai would establish a second Observatory for Islamic astronomy in 1271, directed by astronomer Jamal al-Din.[3] Isa Kelemechi was also instrumental in reinforcing anti-Muslim prohibitions in the Mongol realms, such as prohibiting halal slaughter and circumcision, and, according to Rashid al-Din encouraged denunciation of Muslims.[4] Isa Kelemechi also showed to Khubilai the Muslim precept of "Kill the polytheists, all of them", raising the suspicion of the Mongols towards Muslims.[4] According to Rashid al-Din, as a result "most Muslims left Khitai".[4] Diplomat to EuropeIsa Kelemechi was later a member of the first mission to Europe sent by the Mongol Il-Khan ruler Arghun in 1285. He met with Pope Honorius IV, remitting a letter from Ghazan offering to "remove" the Saracens and divide "the land of Sham, namely Egypt" with the Franks.[5][6] The message, written in imperfect Latin, said: {{quote|"And now let it be [says the Il-Khan], because the land of the Saracens is not ours, between us, good father, us who are on this side and you who are on your side; the land of Scami [Sham] to wit the land of Egypt between you and us we will crush. We send you the said messengers and [ask] you to send an expedition and army to the land of Egypt, and it shall be now that we from this side shall crush it between us with good men; and that you send us by a good man where you wish the aforesaid done. The Saracens from the midst of us we shall lift and the Lord Pope and the Cam [Great Khan Qubilai] will be lords".|Message from Arghun to Pope Honorius IV.[6]}}The 1285 embassy would be followed in 1287 by that of Rabban bar Sauma.[5] See also
Notes1. ^Atwood.C.P., (2005) - EOMAM {{DEFAULTSORT:Kelemechi, Isa}}2. ^Foltz, Richard, Religions of the Silk Road, Palgrave Macmillan, 2nd edition, 2010 {{ISBN|978-0-230-62125-1}}, pp. 125–126 3. ^1 {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SaJlbWK_-FcC&pg=PA485 | title=Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia p.485|author1=Thomas F. Glick |author2=Steven John Livesey |author3=Faith Wallis | publisher=Routledge | date=2005 | isbn=0-415-96930-1}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czVRPa7GxrUC&pg=PA125 | title=Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange p.125ff| author=Richard Foltz | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | date=2000 | isbn=0-312-23338-8 }} 5. ^1 {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7FLUMVIqIvwC&pg=PA169 | title=The Mongols and the West, 1221-1410 p.169| author=Peter Jackson | publisher=Pearson Education | date=2005 | isbn=0-582-36896-0}} 6. ^1 {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxRwJUrnr20C&pg=PA370 | title=The Cambridge history of Iran p.370|author1=William Bayne Fisher |author2=John Andrew Boyle | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=1968 | isbn=0-521-06936-X }} 14 : Ambassadors to the Mongol Empire|Assyrian/Syriac Syrians|Critics of Islam|Nestorians|Year of death missing|Syrian Christians|Syrian diplomats|Year of birth missing|13th-century scientists|Medieval Syrian astronomers|13th-century astronomers|Mongol Empire Christians|Mongol Empire scholars|13th-century diplomats |
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