1. Supreme Court

2. Courts of appeals
    Summary of 13 circuits combined  Partisan mix of the circuit courts  First Circuit  Second Circuit  Third Circuit  Fourth Circuit  Fifth Circuit  Sixth Circuit  Seventh Circuit  Eighth Circuit  Ninth Circuit  Tenth Circuit  Eleventh Circuit  D.C. Circuit  Federal Circuit 

3. Acronym key

4. See also

5. References

6. External links

The appointment of federal judges for United States federal courts has become viewed as a political process in the last several decades.{{cn|date=November 2018}} This is especially true of U.S. Supreme Court and court of appeals appointments.{{cn|date=November 2018}} The tables below provide the composition of the Supreme and circuit courts at the end of each four year presidential term, categorizing the judges by the presidential term during which they were nominated for their seat.

As of March 26, 2019, of the thirteen federal appeals courts excluding vacancies, Democratic appointees have a majority on seven, Republican appointees have a majority on five, and one federal appeals court is equally divided between Democratic and Republican appointees. However, the party of the president who appointed a judge is not always a good indicator of that judge's judicial philosophy and place on the political spectrum.

Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States.

Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six. Subsequently, the United States Congress increased the number of justices to seven in 1807, nine in 1837, and ten in 1863. The Judiciary Act of 1869 reduced the number to nine once again.

As of October 6, 2018

Courts of appeals

The United States Courts of Appeals were established by the Judiciary Act of 1891 as "United States circuit courts of appeals" (the name was changed to its current form in 1948). The act authorized 19 appellate judgeships in 9 circuits. Since then, the number of authorized appellate judgeships has increased to 179.^[1]

Summary of 13 circuits combined

As of March 26, 2019

• There were temporarily 178 existing appellate federal judgeships, due to the elimination of a 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit by Section 509 of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007.^[2] The Act also provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009 which increased the number of authorized appellate judgeships to 179 again.

Partisan mix of the circuit courts

As of March 26, 2019

First Circuit

As of May 23, 2014

Second Circuit

As of October 17, 2018

Third Circuit

As of March 18, 2019

Fourth Circuit

As of March 21, 2019

Fifth Circuit

As of July 19, 2018

• The 5th Circuit judges who were transferred to the 11th Circuit in 1981 are not included in the 5th Circuit numbers for 1980 for trend comparison purposes.

Sixth Circuit

As of March 11, 2019

Seventh Circuit

As of May 23, 2018

Eighth Circuit

As of December 12, 2018

Ninth Circuit

As of March 26, 2019

• SEC. 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007^[2] provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009.

Tenth Circuit

As of May 17, 2018

Eleventh Circuit

As of August 3, 2018

• The 11th Circuit was created in 1981. The judges that were transferred from the 5th Circuit to the 11th Circuit are shown in 1980 for trend comparison purposes.

D.C. Circuit

As of March 18, 2019

• SEC. 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007^[2] eliminated the 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit.

Federal Circuit

As of July 8, 2015

• The Federal Circuit was created in 1982. The judges from the courts that were combined into the Federal Circuit are shown in 1980 for trend comparison purposes.

Acronym key

See also

• United States federal judge
• List of current judges of the United States courts of appeals

References

External links

• Ideological Voting on Federal Courts of Appeals
• [https://www.uscourts.gov/judges-judgeships/judicial-vacancies Summary of Judicial Vacancies]

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