“ISSF 50 meter rifle three positions”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

50 metre rifle three positions is an International Shooting Sport Federation event, a miniature version of 300 metre rifle three positions. It consists of the kneeling, prone, and standing positions, fired in that order, traditionally with 3×40 shots for men and 3×20 shots for women. In January 2018 the number of shots was equalised between genders with the Women's 3x20 being abolished in favour of a 3x40 match identical to the Men's event.^[1] The caliber is .22 Long Rifle (5.6 mm).

In the men's event, athletes must complete the course of fire within a single time block of 2 hours, 45 minutes. The Women's 3x20 event had a time limit of 1 hour, 45 minutes. These time limits are applicable to matches conducted using electronic targets; longer times are used if the slower manual scoring system is used. Until 2018, women's rifles were limited to {{convert|6.5|kg|lb}}, as opposed to {{convert|8.0|kg|lb}} for men. This was the only remaining difference between men's and women's equipment after the switch from standard rifles to sport rifles. In January 2018 with the women's event extended to a 3x40 match, the {{convert|6.5|kg|lb}} limit was abolished, with Women permitted to use rifles up to {{convert|8.0|kg|lb}}.^[2] This rendered the men's and women's events identical in both number of shots and equipment permitted.

In major competitions, including World Cups and World Championships, the top eight competitors reach a finals match, where the medal positions are decided. Beginning in 2013, a new finals format was instituted, in which the qualification score is discarded, and the standings among the top eight shooters are determined by their finals scores alone. The course of fire was also changed significantly with the new rules, from the previous 10-shot program in only the standing position, into a 45-shot elimination format in all three positions. Starting with the 10th shot of the final, standing stage, the lowest ranking shooter is eliminated every shot, until the gold and silver medalists are determined among the final two survivors.

World Championships, Men

Year

Place

Gold

Silver

Bronze

1937

FIN}} Helsinki

Jacques Louis Mazoyer|FRA}}

Viljo Leskinen|FIN}}

Gustav Lokotar|EST}}

1939

SUI}} Luzern

Karl Steigelmann|GER}}

August Liivik|EST}}

Kurt Johansson|SWE}}

1949

ARG}} Buenos Aires

Pauli Aapeli Janhonen|FIN}}

Arthur Edwin Cook|USA}}

Erling Asbjoern Kongshaug|NOR}}

1952

NOR}} Oslo

Erling Asbjoern Kongshaug|NOR}}

Robert Buerchler|SUI}}

Johan Hunaes|NOR}}

1954

VEN}} Caracas

Anatoli Bogdanov|URS}}

Vassily Borisov|URS}}

Vilho Ilmari Yloenen|FIN}}

1958

URS}} Moscow

Victor Shamburkin|URS}}

Marat Niyazov|URS}}

Moysey Itkis|URS}}

1962

Egypt}} Cairo

Gary Anderson|USA}}

Marat Niyazov|URS}}

Erwin Vogt|SUI}}

1966

FRG}} Wiesbaden

Gary Anderson|USA}}

Marat Niyazov|URS}}

Henryk Gorski|POL}}

1970

USA}} Phoenix

Vitali Parkhimovitch|URS}}

John Writer|USA}}

Lones Wigger|USA}}

1974

SUI}} Thun

John Writer|USA}}

Lones Wigger|USA}}

Lanny Bassham|USA}}

1978

KOR}} Seoul

Lanny Bassham|USA}}

Malcolm Cooper|GBR}}

Ulrich Lind|FRG}}

1982

VEN}} Caracas

Vladimir Lvov|URS}}

Peter Heinz|FRG}}

Viktor Vlasov|URS}}

1986

GDR}} Suhl

Petr Kurka|TCH}}

Malcolm Cooper|GBR}}

Pavel Soukenik|TCH}}

1990

URS}} Moscow

Eun Chul Lee|KOR}}

Robert Foth|USA}}

Hrachya Petikyan|URS}}

1994

ITA}} Milan

Petr Kurka|CZE}}

Thomas Tamas|USA}}

Wolfram Jun. Waibel|AUT}}

1998

ESP}} Barcelona

Jozef Gönci|SVK}}

Pascal Bessy|FRA}}

Rajmond Debevec|SLO}}

2002

FIN}} Lahti

Marcel Buerge|SUI}}

Konstantin Prikhodtchenko|RUS}}

Peter Sidi|HUN}}

2006

CRO}} Zagreb

Artem Khadjibekov|RUS}}

Stevan Pletikosic|SCG}}

Lei Zhang|CHN}}

2010

GER}} Munich

Peter Sidi|HUN}}

Han Jin-seop|KOR}}

Nemanja Mirosavljev|SRB}}

2014

ESP}} Granada

Zhu Qinan|CHN}}

Sergey Kamenskiy|RUS}}

Vitaly Bubnovich|BLR}}

2018

KOR}} Changwon

Tomasz Bartnik|POL}}

Petar Gorsa|CRO}}

Michael McPhail|USA}}

World Championships, Men Team

Year

Place

Gold

Silver

Bronze

1949

ARG}} Buenos Aires

FIN}} Finland
Olavi Elo
Pauli Aapeli Janhonen
Kullervo Leskinen
Toivo Maenttaeri
Vilho Ilmari Yloenen

SWE}} Sweden
Uno Hilding Berg
Isac Holger Erben
Walther Sigfrid Frostell
Kurt Johansson
Jonas Jonsson

NOR}} Norway
Mauritz Amundsen
Johan Hunaes
Erling Asbjoern Kongshaug
Willy Roegeberg
Tore Skredegaard

1952

NOR}} Oslo

SUI}} Switzerland
Robert Buerchler
Ernst Huber
Otto Horber
Auguste Hollenstein
Schmid E.

SWE}} Sweden
Uno Hilding Berg
Isac Holger Erben
Walther Sigfrid Frostell
Kurt Johansson
Lindquist T.

NOR}} Norway
Mauritz Amundsen
Johan Hunaes
Erling Asbjoern Kongshaug
Halvar Kongsjorden
Tore Skredegaard

1954

VEN}} Caracas

URS}} Soviet Union
Anatoli Bogdanov
Vassily Borisov
Moysey Itkis
Grigori Kupko
Boris Pereberin

SWE}} Sweden
Uno Hilding Berg
Isac Holger Erben
Walther Sigfrid Frostell
Anders Helge Kvissberg
Sundberg O.

NOR}} Norway
Mauritz Amundsen
Iver Aas
Anker Hagen
Erling Asbjoern Kongshaug
Tore Skredegaard

1958

URS}} Moscow

URS}} Soviet Union
Vassily Borisov
Moysey Itkis
Yuri Kudryashov
Marat Niyazov
Victor Shamburkin

FRG}} West Germany
Hans Werner Harbeck
Peter Kohnke
Bernd Klingner
Helmut Schlenker
Rudolf Sigl

USA}} United States
James Carter
Herr J.
Daniel Bruce Puckel
Gordon Taras
Verle Franklin Jun. Wright

1962

Egypt}} Cairo

URS}} Soviet Union
Vladimir Chuian
Vassily Borisov
Moysey Itkis
Marat Niyazov

USA}} United States
Gary Anderson
Tommy Pool
Daniel Bruce Puckel
Verle Franklin Jun. Wright

SUI}} Switzerland
Auguste Hollenstein
Kurt Mueller
Hans Rudolf Spillmann
Erwin Vogt

1966

FRG}} Wiesbaden

USA}} United States
Gary Anderson
Tommy Pool
Margaret Thompson
Lones Wigger

URS}} Soviet Union
Alexander Gerasimenok
Valentin Kornev
Vladimir Konyakhin
Marat Niyazov

GDR}} East Germany
Werner Lippoldt
Guenter Lange
Dieter Munzert
Hartmut Sommer

1970

USA}} Phoenix

URS}} Soviet Union
Vladimir Agishev
Oleg Lapkin
Vitali Parkhimovitch
Sergei Yermilov

USA}} United States
David Boyd
John Robert Foster
John Writer
Lones Wigger

FRG}} West Germany
Peter Kohnke
Bernd Klingner
Gottfried Kustermann
Klaus Zaehringer

1974

SUI}} Thun

USA}} United States
Lanny Bassham
Margaret Murdock
Lones Wigger
John Writer

URS}} Soviet Union
Anatoli Bulgakov
Gennadi Lushikov
Alexander Mitrofanov
Vitali Parkhimovitch

FRG}} West Germany
Bernd Klingner
Gottfried Kustermann
Wolfgang Ruehle
Klaus Zaehringer

1978

KOR}} Seoul

USA}} United States
Lanny Bassham
Edward Etzel
Rod Fitz-Randolph
Lones Wigger

FRG}} West Germany
Gottfried Kustermann
Ulrich Lind
Werner Seibold
Karlheinz Smieszek

SWE}} Sweden
Sven Johansson
Carl-Erik Oeberg
Esbjoern Svensson
Stefan Thynell

1982

VEN}} Caracas

URS}} Soviet Union
Kirill Ivanov
Vladimir Lvov
Alexander Mitrofanov
Viktor Vlasov

GBR}} Great Britain
Alister Allan
Malcolm Cooper
Barry Dagger
John Davis

NOR}} Norway
Arnt-Olav Haugland
Terje Melbye-Hansen
Harald Stenvaag
Geir Skirbekk

1986

GDR}} Suhl

TCH}} Czechoslovakia
Milan Bakes
Petr Kurka
Pavel Soukenik

URS}} Soviet Union
Kirill Ivanov
Hrachya Petikyan
Viktor Vlasov

FRA}} France
Jean-Pierre Amat
Pascal Bessy
Michel Bury

1990

URS}} Moscow

URS}} Soviet Union
Viatcheslav Botchkarev
Kirill Ivanov
Hrachya Petikyan

TCH}} Czechoslovakia
Milan Bakes
Petr Kurka
Miroslav Varga

YUG}} Yugoslavia
Rajmond Debevec
Nemanja Mirosavljev
Goran Maksimovic

1994

ITA}} Milan

FRA}} France
Jean-Pierre Amat
Michel Bury
Roger Chassat

UKR}} Ukraine
Artur Ayvazyan
Oleg Dementyev
Oleg Mikhailov

CZE}} Czech Republic
Milan Bakes
Vaclav Becvar
Petr Kurka

1998

ESP}} Barcelona

UKR}} Ukraine
Artur Ayvazyan
Oleg Mikhailov
Jury Sukhorukov

FRA}} France
Pascal Bessy
Jean-Pierre Amat
Roger Chassat

RUS}} Russia
Alexander Koudelin
Artem Khadjibekov
Sergei Kovalenko

2002

FIN}} Lahti

RUS}} Russia
Artem Khadjibekov
Viatcheslav Botchkarev
Konstantin Prikhodtchenko

USA}} United States
Michael Anti
Matthew Emmons
Glenn Dubis

UKR}} Ukraine
Jury Sukhorukov
Oleg Mikhailov
Artur Ayvazyan

2006

CRO}} Zagreb

RUS}} Russia
Artem Khadjibekov
Sergei Kovalenko
Viatcheslav Botchkarev

AUT}} Austria
Thomas Farnik
Mario Knoegler
Christian Planer

USA}} United States
Matthew Emmons
Jason Parker
Michael Mcphail

2018

KOR}} Changwon

RUS}} Russia
Nazar Louginets
Vladimir Maslennikov
Sergey Kamenskiy

CHN}} China
Haoran Yang
Zicheng Hui
Yuncong Yao

BLR}} Belarus
Yury Shcherbatsevich
Vitali Bubnovich
Illia Charheika

World Championships, Women

Year

Place

Gold

Silver

Bronze

1966

FRG}} Wiesbaden

Margaret Thompson|USA}}

Anneliese Goth|FRG}}

Tatiana Ryabinskaya|URS}}

1970

USA}} Phoenix

Margaret Murdock|USA}}

Desanka Perović|YUG}}

Lucia Fagereva|URS}}

1974

SUI}} Thun

Anka Pelova|BUL}}

Nonka Shatarova|BUL}}

Margaret Murdock|USA}}

1978

KOR}} Seoul

Wanda Oliver|USA}}

Karen Monez|USA}}

Christina Gustafsson|SWE}}

1982

VEN}} Caracas

Marlies Helbig|GDR}}

Lessia Leskiv|URS}}

Anna Malakhova|URS}}

1986

GDR}} Suhl

Vesela Letcheva|BUL}}

Valentina Lazarova|BUL}}

Angela Berger|GDR}}

1990

URS}} Moscow

Vesela Letcheva|BUL}}

Deena Wigger|USA}}

Anitza Valkova|BUL}}

1994

ITA}} Milan

Anna Maloukhina|RUS}}

Lessia Leskiv|UKR}}

Irina Gerasimenok|RUS}}

1998

ESP}} Barcelona

Sonja Pfeilschifter|GER}}

Xian Wang|CHN}}

Nonka Matova|BUL}}

2002

FIN}} Lahti

Petra Horneber|GER}}

Natallia Kalnysh|UKR}}

Martina Prekel|GER}}

2006

CRO}} Zagreb

Lioubov Galkina|RUS}}

Sylwia Bogacka|POL}}

Sonja Pfeilschifter|GER}}

2018

KOR}} Changwon

Yulia Karimova|RUS}}

Isabella Straub|GER}}

Snjezana Pejcic|CRO}}

World Championships, Women Team

Year

Place

Gold

Silver

Bronze

1970

USA}} Phoenix

USA}} United States
Tammie Foster
Margaret Murdock
Diana Timberlake

URS}} Soviet Union
Lucia Fagereva
Tatiana Ratnikova
Elena Zaharchenko

GDR}} East Germany
Gudrun Mehlan
Marga Nabel
Gabriele Riedel

1974

SUI}} Thun

URS}} Soviet Union
Kira Boiko
Tatiana Ratnikova
Baiba Zarina

BUL}} Bulgaria
Poliksena Kancheva
Anka Pelova
Nonka Shatarova

FRG}} West Germany
Elke Becker
Elisabeth Bals
Elisabeth Boehmer

1978

KOR}} Seoul

USA}} United States
Becky Braun
Karen Monez
Wanda Oliver

SWE}} Sweden
Anita Enqvist
Christina Gustafsson
Margareta Gustafsson

FRA}} France
Yvette Courault
Dominique Esnault
Elisabeth Lesou

1982

VEN}} Caracas

URS}} Soviet Union
Svetlana Komaristova
Lessia Leskiv
Anna Malakhova

GDR}} East Germany
Gilda Gorzkulla
Marlies Helbig
Marlies Moch

USA}} United States
Mary Godlove
Karen Monez
Gloria Parmentier

1986

GDR}} Suhl

BUL}} Bulgaria
Valentina Lazarova
Vesela Letcheva
Nonka Matova

GDR}} East Germany
Angela Berger
Sabine Toth
Kathrin Starkloff

USA}} United States
Wanda Jewell
Pat Spurgin
Deena Wigger

1990

URS}} Moscow

BUL}} Bulgaria
Vesela Letcheva
Nonka Matova
Anitza Valkova

USA}} United States
Launi Meili
Kristen Peterson
Deena Wigger

URS}} Soviet Union
Valentina Cherkasova
Lessia Leskiv
Iryna Shylava

1994

ITA}} Milan

GER}} Germany
Petra Horneber
Kirsten Obel
Wera Stamm

RUS}} Russia
Valentina Cherkasova
Irina Gerasimenok
Anna Maloukhina

CHN}} China
Muhua Chen
Qiuping Zhang
Danhong Zhou

1998

ESP}} Barcelona

CHN}} China
Hong Shan
Xian Wang
Yimin Xu

USA}} United States
Elizabeth Bourland
Jayme Dickman
Wanda Jewell

BUL}} Bulgaria
Ani Ivanova
Vesela Letcheva
Nonka Matova

2002

FIN}} Lahti

UKR}} Ukraine
Olena Davydova
Natallia Kalnysh
Lessia Leskiv

GER}} Germany
Petra Horneber
Sonja Pfeilschifter
Martina Prekel

RUS}} Russia
Tatiana Goldobina
Lioubov Galkina
Marina Bobkova

2006

CRO}} Zagreb

RUS}} Russia
Lioubov Galkina
Tatiana Goldobina
Alena Nizkoshapskaia

GER}} Germany
Barbara Lechner
Claudia Keck
Sonja Pfeilschifter

CHN}} China
Bo Liu
Liuxi Wu
Jieyi Tang

2018

KOR}} Changwon

GER}} Germany
Isabella Straub
Jolyn Beer
Jaqueline Orth

DEN}} Denmark
Rikke Maeng Ibsen
Stine Nielsen
Stephanie Laura Scurrah Grundsoee

RUS}} Russia
Yulia Karimova
Polina Khorosheva
Yulia Zykova

Current world records

Current world records in 50 metre rifle three positions

Men{{Shooting WR FR3X40 Men Qualification}}

Junior Men{{Shooting WR FR3X40 Junior Men Individual}}

Women (ISSF){{Shooting WR STR3X20 Women Qualification}}

Women (CISM){{Shooting WR STR3X20 Women CISM}}

Junior Women{{Shooting WR STR3X20 Junior Women Individual}}

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=ISSF Rules Changes for 2018-2020 approved |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/news.ashx?newsid=2955 |website=ISSF Sport |publisher=International Shooting Sport Federation |accessdate=11 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044454/https://www.issf-sports.org/news.ashx?newsid=2955 |archivedate=8 September 2018 |date=18 December 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=Corrections for ISSF Rules Edition 2017, Second Print V1.1 01/2018 |url=http://www.issf-sports.info/Changes_2017_ISSF_Rulebook_2ndPrint_V1.1_20180209.pdf |website=ISSF Sports |publisher=International Shooting Sport Federation |accessdate=11 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911090652/http://www.issf-sports.info/Changes_2017_ISSF_Rulebook_2ndPrint_V1.1_20180209.pdf |archivedate=11 September 2018 |date=30 January 2018}}