“Julie Burchill”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Julie Burchill (born 3 July 1959) is an English journalist, writer and broadcaster who describes herself as a "militant feminist". Beginning as a staff writer at the New Musical Express at the age of 17, she has since contributed to newspapers such as The Sunday Times and The Guardian. She has been involved in legal actions resulting from the contents of her writing on several occasions. Burchill is also an author and novelist, and her 2004 novel Sugar Rush was adapted for television.

Early life and education

Julie Burchill was born in Bristol, England, and educated at Brislington Comprehensive School.^[2] Her father was a Communist union activist who worked in a distillery. Her mother had a job in a cardboard box factory.^[3] In 2010, Burchill wrote of her parents: "I don't care much for families. I adored my mum and dad, but to be honest I don't miss them much now they're dead";^[4] three years later she contradicted this when she said she couldn't return to Bristol, as every time she heard someone speaking with her parents' Bristol accent it would remind her how much she missed them.^[5] She did not attend university, leaving the A-levels she had started a few weeks earlier to begin writing for the New Musical Express (NME).^[6]

Writing and broadcasting career

At the NME

She began her career, aged 17, as a writer at the New Musical Express (NME) after responding, coincidentally with her future husband Tony Parsons, to an advert in that paper seeking "hip young gunslingers" to write about the then emerging punk movement. She gained the job by submitting a "eulogy" of Patti Smith's Horses.^[6] She later wrote that at the time she only liked black music, and "When I actually heard a punk record, I thought, 'Oh my Lord! This is not music, this is just shouting'." Fortunately for her, as she later said, "Punk was over in two years. That was the only damn good thing about it."^[6] She left her position at the NME at the age of 20, and started freelancing to be able to write about other subjects, although she has never completely given up writing about pop music.^[7]

1980s

Her main employers after the NME were The Face and The Sunday Times where she wrote about politics, pop, fashion and society, and was their film critic from 1984 to 1986.^[10] She admitted in 2008 to making up film reviews and having "skived" from screenings,^[10] and her ex-husband, Cosmo Landesman, has admitted to attending screenings on her behalf.^[8]

One of her most controversial opinions from her early freelance career concerned the Falklands War in 1982. The left generally condemned the British response to the invasion as imperialist,^[9] but Burchill argued that the military dictatorship of General Galtieri represented a greater evil. She wrote articles favourable to Margaret Thatcher. Her sympathy for Thatcher helped in gaining a column for The Mail on Sunday, where in 1987 she went against the paper's usual political line by urging its readers to vote Labour. Though she claims to like the MoS, she said of journalists on the Daily Mail in 2008: "Everybody knows that hacks are the biggest bunch of adulterers, the most misbehaving profession in the world – and you have people writing for the Daily Mail writing as though they are vicars ... moralising on single mothers and whatnot."^[10]

Into the 1990s

In the 1980s and early 1990s, before her move to Brighton, Burchill was depicted and saw herself^[10] as being the "Queen of the Groucho".^[11] Burchill has spoken repeatedly and frankly of her relationship with drugs, writing that she had "put enough toot up my admittedly sizeable snout to stun the entire Colombian armed forces".^[17] She declared that "As one who suffered from chronic shyness and a low boredom threshold ... I simply can't imagine that I could have ever had any kind of social life without [cocaine], let alone have reigned as Queen of the Groucho Club for a good part of the '80s and '90s."^[17] While Burchill has frequently drawn on her personal life for her writing, her personal life has been a subject of public comment, especially during this period, when "everything about her – her marriages, her debauchery, her children – seemed to be news."^[19]

In 1991, Burchill, Landesman and Toby Young established a short-lived magazine Modern Review through which she met Charlotte Raven, with whom she had a much publicised affair. "[I] was only a lesbian for about six weeks in 1995" she claimed in an interview with Lynn Barber in 2004,^[12] or "my very enjoyable six months of lesbianism" in a 2000 article.^[13] Launched under the slogan "Low culture for high brows", the magazine lasted until 1995, when Burchill and her colleagues fell out. It was briefly revived by Burchill, with Raven editing, in 1997. The 'Fax war'^[14] in 1993 between Burchill and author Camille Paglia, published in the Modern Review,^[15] gained much attention.^[16]

In 1996, the actor, author, playwright and theatre director Steven Berkoff won a libel action against Burchill in respect of one of her articles, published in the Sunday Times newspaper, which included comments suggesting that he was "hideously ugly". The judge ruled that Burchill's actions "held him to ridicule and contempt."^[17]

From 2000 to 2004

A user of cocaine,^[18] sharing in the activity in the company of Will Self among others, she was positive about her use in The Guardian in 2000 when defending actress Danniella Westbrook for Westbrook's loss of her septum because of cocaine use.^[10] Journalist Deborah Orr, who was then married to Self, was scathing in The Independent of Burchill and her article: "She does not identify herself as a cocaine addict, so she has no pity for Ms Westbrook."^[18] A letter in The Independent in June 2000 from the head waitress at the Groucho Club at the time, Deborah Bosley, caused a minor stir. Responding to an article by Yvonne Roberts,^[11] Bosley, at the time the partner of Richard Ingrams, a long standing critic of Burchill, stated that Burchill was merely "a fat bird in a blue mac sitting in the corner" when ensconced at the Groucho.^[19] In revenge for Deborah Orr's article, Burchill invented a supposedly long-standing crush on Will Self with the intention of upsetting Orr.^[13]^[20]

The following year's, Burchill on Beckham (2001), a short book about Burchill's opinions concerning David Beckham's life, career, and relationship with Victoria Beckham, attracted "some of the worst notices since Jeffrey Archer's heyday. 'Burchill is to football writing what Jimmy Hill is to feminist polemics'," wrote one reviewer.^[17] According to Robert Winder in the New Statesman: "The book fits in with Burchill's theme of praising the working class; Burchill presents Beckham as an anti-laddish symbol of old working-class values – he reminds her of those proud men of her childhood, 'paragons of generosity, industry and chastity'."^[21]

For five years until 2003, Burchill wrote a weekly column in The Guardian. Appointed in 1998 by Orr, while editor of the Guardian Weekend supplement, Burchill's career was in trouble; she had been sacked by the revived Punch magazine. Burchill frequently thanked Deborah Orr for rescuing her.^[35] One of the pieces she wrote for The Guardian was in reaction to the murder of BBC TV presenter Jill Dando in 1999. She compared the shock of Dando's murder to finding a "tarantula in a punnet full of strawberries". In 2002 she narrowly escaped prosecution for incitement to racial hatred, "following a Guardian column where she described Ireland as being synonymous with child molestation, Nazi-sympathising, and the oppression of women".^[22] Burchill had expressed anti-Irish sentiment several times throughout her career, announcing in the London journal Time Out that "I hate the Irish, I think they're appalling".^[23]

She supported the Iraq War, writing in The Guardian in 2003 that she was "in favour of a smaller war now rather than a far worse war later" and criticised those opposed to the war as "pro-Saddam apologists". She justified her stance by stating that "this war is about freedom, justice – and oil" and that because Britain and the United States sold weapons to Iraq that, "it is our responsibility to redress our greed and ignorance by doing the lion's share in getting rid of him".^[24]

Burchill left The Guardian acrimoniously, saying in an interview that they had offered her a sofa in lieu of a pay rise.^[12] She claims to have left the newspaper in protest at what she saw as its "vile anti-Semitism".^[25]

2005 and after

Burchill was an early critic of the fashion for denigrating lower social classes as "chavs". In 2005, she presented the Sky One documentary In Defence of Chavs. "Picking on people worse off than you are isn't humour. It's pathetic, it's cowardly and it's bullying" she commented in an interview for The Daily Telegraph at the time. "It's all to do with self-loathing ... The middle classes can't bear to see people having more fun, so they attack Chavs for things like their cheap jewellery. It's jealousy, because they secretly know Chavs are better than them. They're even better looking."^[26]

Following her departure from The Guardian, in early 2005 she moved to The Times, who were more willing to meet her demands, doubling her previous salary.^[27] Shortly after starting her weekly column, she referred to George Galloway, but appeared to confuse him with former MP Ron Brown, reporting the misdeeds of Brown as those of Galloway, "he incited Arabs to fight British troops in Iraq."^[28] She apologised in her column^[29] and The Times paid damages thought to have been £50,000.^[30]

In 2006, The Times dropped her Saturday column, and arranged a more flexible arrangement with Burchill writing for the daily paper.^[31] Later it emerged during a Guardian interview, published on 4 August 2008,^[32] that eventually she "was given the jolly old heave ho" by The Times, and paid off for the last year of her three-year contract, still receiving the £300,000 she would have earned if she had been obliged to provide copy.^[32] She later described her columns for her abbreviated Times contract, which ended abruptly in 2007, thus: "I was totally taking the piss. I didn't spend much time on them and they were such arrant crap".^[32]

In February 2006, she announced plans for a year's sabbatical from journalism, planning, among other things, to study theology. She had previously, in 1999, 'found God', and become a Lutheran.^[12] In June 2007, she announced that she would not be returning to journalism, but instead concentrate on writing books and TV scripts and finally undertake a theology degree,^[33] but she returned to writing for The Guardian newspaper.^[34]

Burchill's co-written book with Chas Newkey-Burden Not in My Name: A Compendium of Modern Hypocrisy appeared in August 2008, and is dedicated "to Arik and Bibi" (Ariel Sharon and Benjamin Netanyahu). According to Gerald Jacobs, writing for The Jewish Chronicle in 2008, "this book does not merely stand up for Israel, it jumps up and down, cheers and waves its arms".^[35] The newspaper described her as "Israel's staunchest supporter in the UK media". When asked if Israel has any flaws, she responded: "Yes. They are much too tolerant of their freaking neighbours, much too reasonable".^[35]

She declared in 2005, after Ariel Sharon's withdrawal of Israeli settlers from the Gaza Strip, that "Israel is the only country I would fucking die for. He's the enemy of the Jews. Chucking his own people off the Gaza; to me that's disgusting".^[36] Besides writing occasional pieces for The Guardian, she wrote four articles for the centre-right politics and culture magazine Standpoint between July and October 2008.

2010s

At the end of June 2010 it was announced Burchill would be writing exclusively for The Independent,^[37] contributing a weekly full-page column for the paper. The connection lasted less than 18 months. Burchill wrote her last column for The Independent at the end of October 2011.^[38] Admitting he had tried to recruit Burchill for The Sun in the 1980s, Roy Greenslade commented: "my admittedly occasional reading of her columns in recent years has left [me] feeling that she realises her old schtick is no longer working. She has run out of steam – and sympathetic newspaper editors".^[39]

Commenting on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, Burchill wrote in The Independent: "It would be wonderful to think that what replaces Mubarak will be better. But here's the thing about Middle Eastern regimes: they're all vile. The ones that are 'friendly' are vile and the ones that hate us are vile. Revolutions in the region have a habit of going horribly wrong, and this may well have something to do with the fact that Islam and democracy appear to find it difficult to co-exist for long".^[40]

On 13 January 2013, Burchill wrote an article for The Observer defending Suzanne Moore after a reference by Moore to transsexuals had been greeted with a great deal of criticism. In Burchill's view it showed the "chutzpah" of transsexuals to have their "cock cut off and then plead special privileges as women".^[41] There were a number of objections to her writing from members of the transgender community and non-transgender community alike.^[42]^[43] The editor of The Observer, John Mulholland, responded on the comments page to what he described as "many emails protesting about this piece" and stated that he would be looking into the issue.^[44] Liberal Democrat MP Lynne Featherstone, formerly a junior Minister for Women and Equalities, called for the dismissal of Burchill and Mulholland in response to the piece.^[45] The article was withdrawn from the website the following day, and replaced with a message from Mulholland,^[46] but reappeared on the Telegraph website.^[47] On 18 January The Observer's Readers Editor Stephen Pritchard defended the decision to remove the article from the newspaper's website, quoting the editor who took that decision as saying "This clearly fell outside what we might consider reasonable. The piece should not have been published in that form. I don't want the Observer to be conducting debates on those terms or with that language. It was offensive, needlessly. We made a misjudgment and we apologise for that".^[48]

Religion and philo-semitism

In 1999, Burchill "found God", and became a Lutheran^[12] and later a "self-confessed Christian Zionist".^[49] In June 2007, she announced that she would undertake a theology degree,^[33] although she subsequently decided to do voluntary work instead as a way to learn more about Christianity.^[71] She has volunteered in a local RNIB home.^[35]

In June 2009, The Jewish Chronicle reported that Burchill had become a Friend of Brighton and Hove Progressive Synagogue and was again considering a conversion to Judaism.^[50] Reported as having attended Shabbat services for a month, and studying Hebrew, she described herself as an "ex-Christian", pointing out that she had been pondering on her conversion since the age of 25.^[50] Burchill said that "At a time of rising and increasingly vicious anti-semitism from both left and right, becoming Jewish especially appeals to me. ... Added to the fact that I admire Israel so much, it does seem to make sense – assuming of course that the Jews will have me".^[49] She wrote in November 2012: "The things I love about the Jews are: their religion, their language and their ancient country".^[51]

Burchill clashed with Rabbi Elli Tikvah Sarah of the Brighton and Hove Progressive Synagogue, and the Rabbi's lesbian partner, Jess Woods.^[52] Among the reasons for the clash was Rabbi Sarah's defence of Muslims and her advocacy of the Palestinian cause. In Burchill's words, the rabbi "respects PIG ISLAM".^[52] Rabbi Sarah told The Independent in September 2014: "The problem is [Burchill] doesn’t have any in-depth knowledge. I can imagine her endlessly watching the film Exodus with Paul Newman. She’s got a kind of Hollywood view of Jews. You know, ‘Jews are so clever, we’ve survived...'."^[52]

She announced in November 2012 that her next book, Unchosen, was to be crowd-source funded, via Unbound, and published after enough pledges had been received.^[51] Her agent had failed to interest six conventional publishers in the project.^[53]

In 2014, Burchill's book Unchosen: The Memoirs of a Philo-Semite was published. Tel Aviv-based writer Akin Ajayi in Haaretz thought "the reactionary solipsism of Unbound is far removed from the affectionate warmness that a love of the Jewish people can be".^[54] Burchill's ex-husband, Cosmo Landesman, considered it to be an "exhilarating and exasperating mix of the utterly brilliant and the totally bonkers". He observes that "there are plenty of Jews Julie doesn't love" including the "millions of Jews around the world who have ever criticised Israel. Her love is blind, deaf and dumb to such an obvious contradiction".^[55] Guardian Columnist Hadley Freeman wrote: "Hilariously, she sets herself up as the Jewishness Police, railing against Jews who are not Jewish enough".^[56]

Other books and television programmes

Burchill has written novels and made television documentaries. Her lesbian-themed novel for teenagers Sugar Rush (2004) was adapted into a television drama series produced by Shine Limited for Channel 4.^[57] Lenora Crichlow's portrayal of the central character Maria Sweet inspired the 2007 sequel novel Sweet.^[58] Burchill has made television documentaries about the death of her father from asbestosis in 2002 (BBC Four) and Heat magazine broadcast on Sky One in 2006.

Media reaction and criticism

Burchill's is known for her strong opinions and contentious prose, in her own words, "the writing equivalent of screaming and throwing things".^[59]^[60] For her novel Sugar Rush her publicist described her as "Britain's most famous and controversial journalist".^[61] One of her most consistent themes is her championing of the working-class against the middle-class in most cases, and has been particularly vocal in defending '[chav]s'.^[62] According to Will Self, "Burchill's great talent as a journalist is to beautifully articulate the inarticulate sentiments and prejudices of her readers".^[63] For Michael Bywater, Burchill's "insights were, and remain, negligible, on the level of a toddler having a tantrum".^[64] As John Arlidge put it in The Observer, "If Burchill is famous for anything it is for being Julie Burchill, the brilliant, unpredictable, outrageously outspoken writer who has an iconoclastic, usually offensive, view on everything.^[65]

In November 1980, former Sex Pistols front man John Lydon gave an interview to Ann Louise Bardach where he referred to Burchill and Tony Parsons as "toss-bag journalists, desperately trying to get in on something" in response to their book, The Boy Looked at Johnny, and referred to its chapter on amphetamines as "stupidity". Lydon was incensed by Burchill and Parsons attributing his talent to his alleged use of the drug in their book.^[66]

In October 1999, in an article for The Guardian, she wrote: "young men succeed in suicide more often than girls isn't really the point. Indeed, the more callous among us would say that it was quite nice for young men finally to find something that they're better at than girls".^[67] A previous occasion "suicides should be left to get on with it", she "received a small number of letters from people whose sons had killed themselves".^[67]

In 2002, her life was the subject of a one-woman West End play, Julie Burchill is Away, by Tim Fountain, with Burchill played by her friend Jackie Clune.^[65] A sequel by Fountain, Julie Burchill: Absolute Cult, followed in 2014, with Lizzie Roper in the central role.^[68]

In 2003, Burchill was ranked number 85 in Channel 4's poll of 100 Worst Britons.^[69]^[70] The poll was inspired by the BBC series 100 Greatest Britons, though it was less serious in nature. The aim was to discover the "100 worst Britons we love to hate". The poll specified that the nominees had to be British, alive and not currently in prison or pending trial.

Burchill has made frequent attacks on various celebrity figures, which have attracted criticism for their cruelty. On the 25th anniversary of John Lennon's murder by shooting in 2005 she told The Guardian "I don't remember where I was but I was really pleased he was dead, as he was a wife-beater, gay-basher, anti-Semite and all-round bully-boy".^[71] In the essay "Born Again Cows" published in Damaged Gods (1987), she wrote: "When the sex war is won prostitutes should be shot as collaborators for their terrible betrayal of all women".^[72]

Personal life

Burchill was married for a short period to Tony Parsons (whom she met at NME), moving in with him in 1981, at the age of 21.^[22] She left Parsons three years later, leaving behind a son,^[73] and subsequently there has been "a steady stream of vitriol in both directions";^[22] she had claimed to have persevered with the "sexual side" of their marriage "by pretending that my husband was my friend Peter York".^[13] Her relationships, particularly with Parsons, have featured in her work; Parsons later wrote that "It's like having a stalker. I don't understand her fascination with someone whom she split up with 15 years ago".^[22]

After her relationship with Parsons, Burchill married Cosmo Landesman, the son of Fran and Jay Landesman, with whom she also had a son.^[74] The sons from her marriages with Parsons and Landesman lived with their fathers after the separations. After splitting from Landesman in 1992, she married for a third time in 2004, to Daniel Raven, around 13 years her junior, and the brother of her former lover Charlotte Raven.^[12] She wrote of the joys of having a "toyboy" in her Times "Weekend Review" column. Fellow NME journalist/author Paul Wellings wrote about their friendship in his book I'm A Journalist...Get Me Out of Here. She has written about her lesbian relationships, and declared that "I would never describe myself as 'heterosexual', 'straight' or anything else. Especially not 'bisexual' (it sounds like a sort of communal vehicle missing a mudguard). I like 'spontaneous' as a sexual description".^[60] In 2009 she said that she was only attracted to girls in their 20s, and since she was now nearly 50, "I really don't want to be an old perv. So best leave it".^[60]

She has lived in Brighton and Hove since 1995 and a book on her adopted home town titled Made in Brighton (Virgin Books) was published in April 2007. Her house in Hove was sold (and demolished for redevelopment as high-density flats) around 2005 for £1.5 million,^[75] of which she has given away £300,000, citing Andrew Carnegie: "A man who dies rich, dies shamed."^[58]

Burchill's second son, Jack Landesman, aged 29, took his own life in late June 2015.^[76]^[77] In an article for The Sunday Times Magazine, she wrote of his inability over many years to experience pleasure and the serious mental health issues from which he suffered.^[78]

Bibliography

References

1. ^{{Cite episode |title=Julie Burchill |series=Desert Island Discs |url=http://bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qhd0p |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=10 February 2013 |accessdate=18 January 2014}}
2. ^Third Way Magazine, September 2007
3. ^Yvonne Roberts, The Independent, 11 June 2000, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/julie-burchill-not-so-much-journalist-as-court-jester-714277.html Julie Burchill: Not so much journalist as court jester]
4. ^{{cite news|work=The Independent |date=30 December 2010|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/columnists/julie-burchill/julie-burchill-no-wonder-the-nuclear-family-goes-into-meltdown-after-christmas-2171631.html|first=Julie |last=Burchill|title=No wonder the nuclear family goes into meltdown after Christmas|accessdate=31 December 2010|location=London}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Island Discs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qhd0p|publisher=BBC|accessdate=10 February 2013|date=10 February 2013}}
6. ^The Observer, 15 June 2003, [https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2003/jun/15/features.magazine37 American icon]
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Frost|first1=Caroline|title=Julie Burchill: The Brighton Belle|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/2045348.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=9 December 2015}}
8. ^Cosmo Landesman "The demon wife of Fleet Street", The Sunday Times, 12 October 2008, extrcted from Landesman's book, Starstruck: Fame, Failure, My Family and Me. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Frank|first1=Billy|last2=Horner|first2=Craig|last3=Stewart|first3=David|title=The British Labour Movement and Imperialism|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-2254-1|pages=174–178|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFkaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=Falklands+war+left+imperialist&source=bl&ots=DqYlCo2cAs&sig=ke7Mnmrl6vNyGxlNnPtXCeGIdig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKgZ3I28_JAhXDXh4KHTWsAd8Q6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=Falklands%20war%20left%20imperialist&f=false}}
10. ^¹Julie Burchill [https://www.theguardian.com/drugs/Story/0,2763,328605,00.html "You're going to die, so you might as well live",] The Guardian, 6 June 2000. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
11. ^¹Yvonne Roberts [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/julie-burchill-not-so-much-journalist-as-court-jester-714277.html "Not so much journalist as court jester",] The Independent 12 June 2000.
12. ^¹²³⁴Lynn Barber [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/aug/22/fiction.features5 "Growing pains",] The Observer, 22 August 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
13. ^¹²Julie Burchill [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2000/jun/17/weekend.julieburchill "Self indulgent",] The Guardian, 17 June 2000. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
14. ^Christina Patterson [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/camille-paglia--i-dont-get-along-with-lesbians-at-all-they-dont-like-me-and-i-dont-like-them-8076611.html "Camille Paglia – 'I don't get along with lesbians at all. They don't like me, and I don't like them'",] The Independent, 25 August 2012
15. ^Tara Brabazon "Making it big: bitch politics and writing in public", Australian Humanities Review, June 1997
16. ^Tanya Gold "Fights of the feminists", The Spectator, 15 September 2012
17. ^{{cite book|author=Mark Lunney and Ken Oliphant|title=Tort Law: Text and Materials|location=London and New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=3rd|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-921136-4|page=704}}
18. ^¹Deborah Orr [https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/deborah-orr/drugs-more-drugs-and-burchill-714574.html "Drugs, more drugs and Burchill",] The Independent, 8 June 2000. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
19. ^Deborah Bosley [https://archive.today/20140226231135/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5071550.html "Letter: Sad fatty in blue",] The Independent, 18 June 2000 reproduced on HighBeam™ website. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
20. ^In a later brief item published elsewhere, Burchill admitted: "I have never in my life fancied Will Self." See [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4252940/Julies-fantasy.html "Julie's Fantasy"], Daily Telegraph 11 July 2000
21. ^{{cite news|last=Winder|first=Robert |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/node/154574|title=Golden balls. Robert Winder on a hymn to Becks: a misunderstood victim and paragon of working-class values|work=New Statesman|date=19 November 2001|accessdate=18 November 2017}}
22. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶Jonathan O'Brien [https://web.archive.org/web/20050513034322/http://archives.tcm.ie/businesspost/2002/08/25/story526110628.asp "Unruly Julie: Julie Burchill"], The Sunday Business Post (Wayback Machine Internet Archive), 25 August 2002
23. ^Lindsay Shapero, 'Red devil', Time Out, 17–23 May 1984, p. 27
24. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/01/iraq.comment |title=Why we should go to war |location=London |date=1 February 2003 |work=The Guardian |first=Julie |last=Burchill}}
25. ^"Bleeding-heart ignoramuses", Haaretz, 11 August 2006
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/3637660/Dead-common-and-proud-of-it.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Emily |last=Bearn |title=Dead common and proud of it |date=22 February 2005}}
27. ^The Independent, 21 February 2005, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/julie-burchill-me-and-my-big-mouth-484220.html Julie Burchill: Me and my big mouth]
28. ^Owen Gibson "Galloway demands Burchill apology", The Guardian, 16 March 2004. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
29. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/nov/21/iraq.pressandpublishing |title=The Observer Profile: George Galloway | Media |work=The Observer |publisher=Guardian |date= 21 November 2004|accessdate=4 April 2012 |location=London}}
30. ^"'Gorgeous George' has his day in court", The Scotsman, 19 March 2004
31. ^Stephen Brook "Burchill goes on sabbatical for God", The Guardian, 9 February 2006. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
32. ^¹²³⁴⁵Ben Dowell [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/aug/04/pressandpublishing1 Interview: Julie Burchill: 'I have no ambition left'], The Guardian, 4 August 2008.
33. ^¹Stephen Brook "Julie Burchill bows out of journalism", The Guardian, 21 June 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
34. ^Julie Burchill "Why I Love Tesco", The Guardian, 19 December 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
35. ^¹²³⁴Gerald Jacobs "Julie Burchill: Brash, outspoken and wishing she was Jewish", The Jewish Chronicle, 8 August 2008
36. ^Spike magazine, Julie Burchill: Sugar Rush: Hurricane Julie, June 2005
37. ^Mark Sweney [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jun/30/julie-burchill-joins-the-independent "Julie Burchill joins the Independent"], The Guardian, 30 June 2010
38. ^Julie Burchill [https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/columnists/julie-burchill/julie-burchill-fashion-is-for-dummies-but-youre-never-too-fat-for-a-fragrance-to-fit-2376751.html "Fashion is for dummies but you're never too fat for a fragrance to fit",] The Independent, 28 October 2011; Josh Halliday [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/oct/28/julie-burchill-leaves-independent "Julie Burchill leaves the Independent",] The Guardian, 28 October 2011
39. ^Roy Greenslade [https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/oct/28/theindependent-chris-blackhurst?CMP=twt_fd "Burchill knows her old schtick doesn't work",] The Guardian, 28 October 2011
40. ^{{cite news|title=Julie Burchill: Armchair revolutionaries: be careful what you wish for in the Middle East|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/columnists/julie-burchill/julie-burchill-armchair-revolutionaries-be-careful-what-you-wish-for-in-the-middle-east-2202457.html|accessdate=3 February 2011|work=The Independent |date=3 February 2011|location=London}}
41. ^{{cite news|first=Julie|last=Burchill|date=13 January 2013|url=|title=Transsexuals should cut it out|work=The Observer}}
42. ^{{cite news|last=Kaveney|first=Roz|title=Julie Burchill has ended up bullying the trans community |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/13/julie-birchill-bullying-trans-community?intcmp=239|work=The Guardian|accessdate=13 January 2013|location=London |date=13 January 2013}}
43. ^{{cite web|last=Pearce|first=Ruth|title=Transphobia in The Guardian: no excuse for hate speech|url=http://www.lesbilicious.co.uk/transphobia-in-the-guardian-no-excuse-for-hate-speech/|publisher=Lesbilicious|accessdate=13 January 2013}}
44. ^{{cite news|last=Pritchard|first=Stephen|title=Reply in comments|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/13/julie-burchill-suzanne-moore-transsexuals?mobile-redirect=false#comment-20580194|work=The Observer|accessdate=13 January 2013|location=London|date=14 January 2013}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9799113/Lynne-Featherstone-calls-for-Observers-Julie-Burchill-to-be-sacked-following-disgusting-rant-against-transsexuals.html|title=Lynne Featherstone calls for Observer's Julie Burchill to be sacked following 'disgusting rant' against transsexuals|first=Alice|last=Philipson|date=13 January 2013|work=The Telegraph|location=London}}
46. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/14/1 "Statement from John Mulholland, editor of The Observer"], Observer/Guardian website, 14 January 2013
47. ^Toby Young (sic) "Here is Julie Burchill's censored Observer article", Telegraph, 14 January 2013. See also Toby Young "The Observer's decision to censor Julie Burchill is a disgrace", Telegraph, 14 January 2013
48. ^Stephen Pritchard [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/18/julie-burchill-and-the-observer "Julie Burchill and the Observer, The readers' editor on why the paper was wrong to publish slurs against trans people"], The Guardian, 18 January 2013
49. ^¹The Guardian, 19 June 2009, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/19/julie-burchill-judaism-brighton-synagogue Julie Burchill moves closer to Judaism]
50. ^¹Cecily Woolf "Brighton shul", The Jewish Chronicle, 18 June 2009
51. ^¹Julie Burchill "Why you are stuck with me", The Jewish Chronicle, 1 November 2012
52. ^¹²Emily Dugan [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/what-did-this-lesbian-rabbi-do-to-make-julie-burchill-mad-9758896.html "What did this lesbian rabbi do to make Julie Burchill mad?"], The Independent, 26 September 2014
53. ^Julie Burchill [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/9667631/Julie-Burchill-Why-Im-too-cool-for-shul.html "Julie Burchill: Why I’m too cool for shul"], The Daily Telegraph, 10 November 2014
54. ^Akin Ajayi "From Marily Monroe to MLK: Julie Burchill Explains 'Why I Love the Jew'", Haaretz, 2 November 2014
55. ^Cosmno Landesman "What Julie Burchill's ex-husband thinks of her new memoir", The Spectator, 6 November 2014
56. ^Hadley Freeman [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/07/god-save-jews-from-philosemitism "God save us from the philosemitism of Burchill, Amis and Mensch"], The Guardian, 8 November 2014
57. ^"Filming starts on Burchill's teen drama for Channel 4" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030124636/http://www.shinelimited.com/about.jsp?id=4&aid=1 |date=30 October 2006}}, Shine: News, 2005. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
58. ^¹The Independent, 5 October 2007, [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/julie-burchill-where-a-wild-thing-went-395956.html Julie Burchill: Where a wild thing went]
59. ^Scotland on Sunday, 3 August 2008, 'I live the life of a provincial vegetable, then twice a week I get off my head on drugs' – Julie Burchill interview
60. ^¹²³The Guardian, 13 May 2009, [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/may/13/julie-bindel-burchill-feminism 'I know we've had our spats']
61. ^Rachel Cooke, The Observer, 5 September 2004, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/sep/05/fiction.booksforchildrenandteenagers Her book is worse than her bite]
62. ^Julie Burchill "Yeah but, no but: why I'm proud to be a chav", The Times, 18 February 2005.
63. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Self|first1=Will|title=Interview: The Doll Within|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/interview-the-doll-within-1089405.html|accessdate=2 September 2017|work=Independent|date=24 April 1999}}
64. ^cited in "Julie Burchill Speaks Out Shock!", BBC News, 23 February 1999. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
65. ^¹²John Arlidge, The Observer, 9 June 2002, Squeaky queen
66. ^http://www.bardachreports.com/articles/int_19801100.htm
67. ^¹{{cite news|last=Burchill|first=Julie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/oct/16/weekend7.weekend6|title=Suicide is a side-effect of affluence|work=The Guardian|date=16 October 1999|accessdate=13 May 2018}}
68. ^Neil Cooper "Burchill back in spotlight as play shows she remains a Cult figure", The Herald (Glasgow), 7 August 2014
69. ^Evan Maloney "Insulting other people" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319101657/http://blogs.news.com.au/news/splat/index.php/news/comments/insulting_other_people/P20/ |date=19 March 2008}}, news.com.au, 17 November 2006
70. ^Helen Brown [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/4203438/Sorry...-was-that-rude.html "'Sorry... was that rude?'"], The Telegraph, 31 March 2007
71. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/dec/08/thebeatles.popandrock "Where were you the day Lennon died?"] The Guardian, 8 December 2005
72. ^Quoted by Hannah Betts [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/05/hatred-prostitutes-feminists-brutality "We need to face up to hatred of prostitutes – among feminists, too"], The Guardian, 5 March 2013
73. ^{{cite news|last=Moreton|first=Cole|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/to-mum-i-was-just-an-inconvenience-says-burchills-son-1104110.html|title='To mum, I was just an inconvenience' says Burchill's son|work=The Independent|date=4 July 1999|accessdate=1 July 2015}}
74. ^Jay Landesman [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-designer-rebel-who-slept-in-our-spare-room-julie-burchill-brought-white-bread-oldfashioned-values-and-angst-when-she-moved-in-with-her-inlaws-jay-landesman-remembers-1500674.html "The designer rebel who slept in our spare room"], The Independent, 29 March 1993
75. ^Mark Simpson "Cover Story: The queer lady", {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109121201/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20050327/ai_n13483648/pg_2 |date= 9 November 2007 }} The Independent on Sunday, 27 March 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2007.
76. ^{{cite news|last=Turner|first=Camilla |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11710272/Julie-Burchill-speaks-of-grief-after-her-son-takes-his-life.html|title=Julie Burchill speaks of grief after her son takes his life|work=Daily Telegraph|date=1 July 2015|accessdate=1 July 2015}}
77. ^{{cite news|last=Topping|first=Alexandra |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jul/01/julie-burchill-mourns-son-jack-killed-himself-this-week|title=Julie Burchill mourns son, Jack, who killed himself this week|work=The Guardian|date=1 July 2015|accessdate=1 July 2015}}
78. ^{{cite news|last=Burchill|first=Julie |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/julie-burchill-my-boy-jack-zg6rt9vg239|title=My boy Jack|work=The Sunday Times Magazine|date=19 July 2015|accessdate=13 May 2018}} {{subscription required}}