“Jack Carlton Reed”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Jack Carlton Reed, (September 30, 1930 – October 12, 2009) was a drug smuggler and co-defendant of the Colombian drug baron and Medellín Cartel co-founder Carlos Enrique Lehder Rivas.^[1]^[2] Reed was a pilot working under Lehder’s cocaine transport empire on Norman's Cay, an out island 210 miles (340 km) off the Florida coast, in the Exuma chain in the Bahamas.^[3]^[1] Reed flew drug runs for Lehder, who handled transport and distribution, while Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar handled production and supply.{{cn|date=January 2016}}

From 1978 through 1982, Norman’s Cay was the center of the world’s largest drug smuggling operation and a tropical hideaway for Lehder and associates, including Reed. Cocaine was flown in from Colombia by private aircraft, then reloaded into other aircraft that then distributed it to locations in Georgia, Florida,^[4] and the Carolinas.^[5]{{full|date=January 2016}} It was flown into the United States via the Bahamas, a path made possible via Colombian suppliers and bribes allegedly spread among Bahamian government officials for political and judicial protection^[6]^[7]^[8] On Norman’s Cay, Lehder maintained a 3,100-foot (1,000 m) runway protected by radar, bodyguards, and guard dogs for the fleet of aircraft under his command.^[9]

Lehder and Reed, who held separate residences on the island, eventually fled Norman’s Cay after authorities threatened to shut down the illicit billion-dollar drug smuggling operation for good. {{Cn|date=June 2016}}

In February 1987, days after Lehder was captured in the Colombian jungle, Reed was apprehended in Panama. The co-defendants were charged with conspiring to smuggle 3.3 tons of cocaine into the United States from Colombia from 1978 to 1980.

Reed was convicted of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and operating a continuing criminal enterprise. Prosecutors said Reed was an important player in the Lehder organization, flying drug shipments from Colombia, hiring ground crews, and working with distributors.^[10]

Lehder lost his fight against extradition (by which point his net worth was approximately $2.5 billion). He is incarcerated for life^[11] in the United States, under WITSEC, the Bureau of Prisons’ version of the Federal Witness Protection Program.

Reed was sentenced to two consecutive life terms and fined $2 million.^[12] He was incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Institute in Memphis, Tennessee and later moved to a Federal Medical Center. After spending nearly 23 years behind bars, his two daughters contacted the courts on their father's behalf to petition for his release. According to them, it was God who saw that Reed was granted a Clemency Release with his sentence reduced to time served. He died after his release.{{cn|date=January 2016}}

References

1. ^¹{{cite book| author = Rensselaer W. Lee| title = The White Labyrinth: Cocaine and Political Power| year = 1991| publisher = Transaction Publishers| isbn = 978-1-56000-565-0 }}
2. ^{{cite book| author = Robert J. Kelly|author2=Jess Maghan |author3=Joseph D. Serio | title = Illicit trafficking: a reference handbook| year = 2005| publisher = ABC-CLIO| isbn = 978-1-57607-915-7 }}
3. ^Frontline: "Drug War (Norman's Cay)"
4. ^{{cite book| last = Chepesiuk| first = Ron| title = The bullet or the bribe: taking down Colombia's Cali drug cartel| year = 2003| publisher = Praeger Publishers| isbn = 978-0-275-97712-2 }}
5. ^Frontline: "Drug War (Carlos Toro)".
6. ^{{cite book| author = Robert J. Kelly|author2=Jess Maghan |author3=Joseph D. Serio | title = Illicit trafficking: a reference handbook| year = 2005| publisher = ABC-CLIO| isbn = 978-1-57607-915-7 }}
7. ^{{cite book|author=Beeler, MayCay |date=2006|title=Return to Norman’s Cay}} (TV Documentary)
8. ^{{cite news|author= Beeler, MayCay |title=Return to Norman’s Cay|work=Pilot Magazine|date= April 2004}}
9. ^Frontline: "Drug War (Norman's Cay)"
10. ^980 F.2d 1568 US v. Reed, Lady, Kane No. 90-3076 US Court of Appeals, eleventh Circuit, Jan. 20, 1993
11. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/13/us/the-us-and-panama-pilot-in-cocaine-ring-is-given-2-life-terms.html|date=January 12, 1990|title=The U.S. and Panama; Pilot in Cocaine Ring Is Given 2 Life Terms|author=AP|location=JACKSONVILLE, FL}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/13/us/the-us-and-panama-pilot-in-cocaine-ring-is-given-2-life-terms.html|date=January 12, 1990|title=The U.S. and Panama; Pilot in Cocaine Ring Is Given 2 Life Terms|author=AP|location=JACKSONVILLE, FL}}

References

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