| 词条 | Juma Oris |
| 释义 |
| name = Juma Oris | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Juma Oris photo.png | alt = 1970s photo of Oris | caption = Oris as minister in the 1970s. | office = Foreign Minister of Uganda | term_start = 25 May 1975 | term_end = 1978 | deputy = | predecessor = Idi Amin {{small|(formally)}} Himself {{small|(as acting minister)}} | successor = Idi Amin | office2 = Minister for Animal Resources | term_start2 = 1978 | term_end2 = 1979 | office3 = Minister of Information and Broadcasting | term3 = 1970s | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = March 2001 | death_place = Khartoum | death_cause = | party = | occupation = Military officer, politician, militia leader, mercenary | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Uganda}} {{small|(until 1979)}} {{flag|Sudan}} {{small|(from 1979)}} Former Uganda National Army {{small|(1980s)}} West Nile Bank Front {{small|(from 1994)}} | branch = Uganda Army {{small|(until 1979)}} Sudanese Armed Forces {{small|(sometime after 1979)}} | serviceyears = ?–1979; 1980s–1990s | rank = Colonel | unit = | commands = | battles = Uganda–Tanzania War Ugandan Bush War Insurgency in northern Uganda Second Sudanese Civil War{{WIA}} | mawards = | military_blank1 = }} Juma Oris Abdalla (? - March 2001) was an Ugandan military officer and minister under the dictatorship of Idi Amin. After fleeing his country during the Uganda–Tanzania War, he became leader of the West Nile Bank Front (WNBF), a rebel group active in the West Nile sub-region of Uganda during the 1990s. BiographyJuma Oris Abdalla{{sfnp|Keesing's Record|1975|p=7}} was born and grew up in Uganda. He served with the Uganda Army and was a high ranking colonel by the early 1970s. Following the 1971 Ugandan coup d'état, he rose to one of the leading figures in Idi Amin's government. He first became acting foreign minister, and was appointed full foreign minister on 25 May 1975.{{sfnp|Keesing's Record|1975|p=7}} He stayed in this position until 1978,{{sfnp|Leopold|2001|p=96}} while also serving as Minister of Information and Broadcasting at some point.[1] By 1979, he had been appointed Minister for Animal Resources.{{sfnp|Leopold|2001|p=96}} Fleeing Uganda in early 1979 shortly before the fall of Amin's government during the Uganda–Tanzania War, Oris managed to take 3,000 head of cattle with him while escaping to Sudan.{{sfnp|Leopold|2001|p=96}} He went on to join the Sudanese Armed Forces as a mercenary,{{sfnp|Day|2011|p=452}} and also became a member of the Former Uganda National Army,{{sfnp|RLP|2004|p=14}}{{sfnp|Day|2011|p=452}} a pro-Amin rebel group that fought in the Ugandan Bush War.{{sfnp|RLP|2004|p=1}} In the late 1980s and early 1990s Joseph Kony, the leader of the rebel group known as the Lord's Resistance Army claimed to be possessed by the spirit of Juma Oris. It appears he was unaware that Oris was at the time still alive—something which he discovered when the two men eventually met in person.{{sfnp|Allen|2006|p=39}} Oris founded his own rebel army,{{sfnp|RLP|2004|p=1}} called the "West Nile Bank Front" (WNBF), in 1994. Though founded in Zaire with the blessing of Mobutu Sese Seko,{{sfnp|Prunier|2004|p=372}} the group was mostly supported by the government of Sudan,{{sfnp|Leopold|2001|p=96}}{{sfnp|Prunier|2004|pp=363, 372}} as Mobutu's regime was already in terminal decline by this point.{{sfnp|Prunier|2004|p=372}} The WNBF fought for the seccession of the West Nile sub-region{{sfnp|Day|2011|p=452}}[2] or the restoration of Idi Amin as President of Uganda.{{sfnp|Day|2011|p=452}} Oris managed to gain support in northern Uganda by exploiting ethnic tensions and the lack of development opportunities in the area, offering potential recruits money in exchange for joining the WNBF.{{sfnp|RLP|2004|pp=1, 14}} While waging an insurgency against the Ugandan government, Oris allegedly to committed human rights violations by planting landmines in ambush attempts.[3] He also fought with his followers in the Second Sudanese Civil War on the side of the Sudanese government. In March 1997, the WNBF and its allies suffered a heavy defeat when South Sudanese rebels of the SPLA overran their bases around Yei, and then ambushed their retreating forces during Operation Thunderbolt. Oris was badly wounded during this battle, and the WNBF almost completely destroyed;{{sfnp|Leopold|2001|pp=99–100}}{{sfnp|Prunier|2004|p=377}} he and the remnants of his militia subsequently fled to Juba.{{sfnp|Prunier|2004|p=377}} From then on, the WNBF was "essentially spent" as fighting force.{{sfnp|Day|2011|p=452}} Having suffered a stroke in late 1999, Oris died in Khartoum in March 2001, disproving reports by the Africa Research Bulletin that he had been killed in battle with the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces.[4] References1. ^{{cite news |author= |date=30 June 1975 |title= Zuviel Waragi |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41496369.html |work=Der Spiegel |language=German |access-date=23 October 2018 }} 2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ipsnews.net/1995/11/kampala-politics-amin-stays-put-in-jeddaha/ | title = KAMPALA-POLITICS: Amin Stays Put In Jeddaha | website = Inter Press Service | date = 12 November 1995 | access-date = 14 October 2018}} 3. ^[https://www.hrw.org/reports98/sudan/Sudarm988-06.htm SUDAN] 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/hl794_2005-07_UK_Home_OGN_Uganda.pdf |title= 2005-07 UK Home OGN Uganda |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716061058/http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/hl794_2005-07_UK_Home_OGN_Uganda.pdf |archivedate= 2011-07-16 |df= }} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
| last = Allen | first = Tim | title = Trial Justice: the International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army |publisher = Zed Books | year = 2006 | location = London | ISBN = 1-84277-737-8 |ref=harv}}
|title = B. UGANDA |url= http://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1809-1975-08-KS-a-IEM.pdf |last= |first= |date = August 1975 |journal = Keesing's Record of World Events |doi = |pmid = |issue = |volume = 21 |pages = |jstor = |ref ={{harvid|Keesing's Record|1975}} }}
|title = The Fates of Rebels: Insurgencies in Uganda |url= |last= Day |first= Christopher R. |date = July 2011 |journal = Comparative Politics |doi = |pmid = |issue = 4 |volume = 43 |pages = 439–458 |jstor = 23040638 |ref =harv }}
|last = Leopold |first = Mark |chapter = 'Trying to Hold Things Together?' International NGOs caught up in an Emergency in North-Western Uganda, 1996–97 |editor1= Ondine Barrow |editor2= Michael Jennings |title= The Charitable Impulse: NGOs & Development in East & North-East Africa |url= https://books.google.de/books?id=We7L5DWKYeoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false |date= 2001 |publisher= James Curry Ltd; Kumarian Press |location= Oxford, Bloomfield |pages= 94–108 |isbn= |ref=harv}}
|title = Negotiating Peace: RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS IN UGANDA'S WEST NILE REGION |url= https://www.refugeelawproject.org/files/working_papers/RLP.WP12.pdf |last= |first= |date = June 2004 |journal = Refugee Law Project Working Paper |doi = |pmid = |issue = 12 |volume = |pages = |jstor = |ref = {{harvid|RLP|2004}} }}
|title = Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986-99) |url= |last= Prunier |first= Gérard |date = July 2004 |journal = African Affairs |doi = |pmid = |issue = 412 |volume = 103 |pages = 359–383 |jstor = 3518562 |ref =harv }}{{refend}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Oris, Juma}} 6 : 2001 deaths|Ugandan military personnel|Foreign Ministers of Uganda|Government ministers of Uganda|Year of birth uncertain|Mercenaries |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。