“Jacques Balsan”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Balsan was born on September 16, 1868 in Châteauroux, France. He was the son of Auguste Balsan and Marie (née Dupuytren). Among his siblings was brother Étienne Balsan, the first patron of Coco Chanel,^[1] and sister, Viscountess Villeneuve de Bargemont of Davenescourt, France.^[1]

Through his mother, he was descended from Guillaume Dupuytren, the anatomist and surgeon who treated Napoleon Bonaparte and, today, is best known today for his description of Dupuytren's contracture, which is named after him and which he first operated on in 1831 and published in The Lancet in 1834.^[2]

Jacques Balsan came from a manufacturing family who created and run Balsan (Company) which supplied the French Army with uniforms from the time of Napoleon onwards which were the origin of the famous cloth "the blue horizon". The family's textile factories were situated at Châteauroux.^[5]

Career

At the age of 24, Jacques Balsan entered the family business and traveled the world, buying wool.

Passionate about ballooning, in September 1900, while in the balloon St. Louis that was inflated with illuminating gas, he remained aloft for 39 hours and nine minutes.^[1] Later that same month, he earned the record for the highest altitude flight at the "Exposition Universelle", by rising to a height of 8,558 meters;^[3] the following month traveling over 1,345 kilometers (roughly 850 miles) from Vincennes to Opoezno, Russia.^[1]

A pioneer of flying, he bought his first aircraft in 1905, a Chanute-type glider, and an airplane in 1909 and obtained a Number 22 licence to pilot aircraft. He also took part in aviation experiments with the Wright brothers in Biarritz and in 1910, constructed his own small plane.^[1] In February 1910, in his Blériot monoplane, he won the "Le Prix d'Héliopolis" (in Egypt).

Military service

During World War I, he helped organize the Lafayette Escadrille along with William K. Vanderbilt and Dr. Edmund Gros, also a founder of the American Hospital of Paris and organizer of the American Ambulance Field Service.^[1] Later, General Maunoury gave him charge of the aerial reconnaissance of the site of the First Battle of the Marne. In 1918, he went to London as chief of the French Air Force mission. By the end of the War, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant colonel.^[5]

During World War II, he joined the Free French forces in London, taking part in the operations that liberated southern France.^[1]

Personal life

Balsan first saw and immediately fell in love with wealthy American Consuelo Vanderbilt when she was 17, before her marriage to the 9th Duke of Marlborough.^[4] She was considered the most eligible woman of the late Victorian Age. A memorable portrait of her by Carolus Duran hangs at Blenheim Palace. Balsan married her on 4 July 1921 (when he was 52 and she was 44), after which she was styled 'Mme Jacques Balsan',^[5]^[6] until her death in 1964. Known for his attention to her, it was a very happy marriage. Consuelo wrote to her close friend Winston Churchill, during World War II, while Jacques worked with the Free French in London, to request his special protection and safe return. Churchill obligingly facilitated his safe return to America.

The Balsans were hosting Winston and Clementine Churchill in September 1939, just before the outbreak of war at their chateau Saint-Georges-Motel, near Dreux north of Paris. They also owned a property in Èze (Alpes-Maritimes) where they received a number of celebrities such as the Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria, The Maharajah de Kapurthala and Charlie Chaplin. ^[7] Balsan supported his wife's work with French children. They lived in their hotel particulier in Paris, 9 avenue Charles-Floquet.

Jacques Balsan died on November 4, 1956 at his home, 1 Sutton Place, New York City, in America.^[9] His death occurred less than a month after his stepson, Lord Ivor Churchill, died, at the age of 57, in London on September 17, 1956.^[10] Balsan was buried in Paris.^[11] His widow died on December 6, 1964 at her home in Southampton, New York and was buried next to Lord Ivor.^[12]

Honours

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book |last1=D'Hauterive |first1=M. Borel |title=Annuaire De La Noblesse De France et Des Maisons Souveraines De L'Europe, Volume 44 |date=1888 |publisher=Typographie De E. Plon, Nourrit |location=Paris |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blwoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA245&lpg=PA245 |accessdate=17 September 2018}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Dupuytren|first=Guillaume|date=May 10, 1834|journal=The Lancet|title=Clinical Lectures on Surgery|volume=22|issue=558|pages=222–5|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)77708-8}}
3. ^Champagne|Berceau De L'Aviation Du Monde, Jacques Balsan
4. ^¹²{{cite news |title=VANDERBILT TROTH REPORT IS REVIVED Marlborough Duchess's Rumored Engagement to Jacques Balsan No Surprise.HE IS FRENCH SPORTSMAN Duchess Recently Bought an Estate Near Monte Carlo—Both Are Now Among Colonists on Riviera. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/02/13/112670889.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=February 13, 1921}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Give Notice of Coming Marriage of Col. Balsan To Consuelo, Duchess of Marlborough |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/07/03/107018544.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=July 3, 1921}}
6. ^{{cite news |title=AMERICAN DUCHESS NOW MME, BALSAN Former Wife of Marlborough Weds French Officer in Flower-Decked London Church. {{!}} MINISTER ADDRESSES BOTH {{!}} Tells Bride "God Has Brought You at Last to Peace"—Felicitates Bridegroom. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/07/05/107019561.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=July 5, 1921}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Balsan|first1=Consuelo Vanderbilt|title=The glitter and the gold|date=2011|publisher=Hodder|location=London|isbn=1444730983}}
8. ^Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie. Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and Mother in the Gilded Age. Harper Perennial, 2005.
9. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite news |title=JACQUES BALSAN, AVIATION PIONEER; French Flier Is Dead at 88-- War Pilot Set Records in Balloons and Planes Volunteer in Morocco |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/11/06/84944145.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=November 6, 1956}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=LORD IVOR CHURCHILL, 57; Patron of Modern Art, a Noted Collector, Dies in London |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/09/18/84714276.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=September 18, 1956 |language=en}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Newport Daily News from Newport, Rhode Island · Page 2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/57447063/|website=Newspapers.com}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=Mrs. Balsan Dies; Former Vanderbilt; Mrs. Jacques Balsan, 88, Dies; Formerly Consuelo Vanderbilt |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/12/07/118543278.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=December 7, 1964 |language=en}}

Early life