| 词条 | Jadwiga Piłsudska |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Jadwiga Piłsudska | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = JadwigaPiłsudska.jpeg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1920|02|28}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Poland | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=y|2014|11|16|1920|2|28}} }} | death_place = Warsaw, Poland | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = Polish | other_names = Jadwiga Jaraczewska | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = Wanda Szachtmajer Female High School | alma_mater = Newnham College, Cambridge Polish University Abroad | occupation = architect | years_active = | employer = Office of Urban Planning (London County Council) | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | influences = | influenced = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = | denomination = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = Andrzej Jaraczewski | partner = | children = Krzysztof Józef Jaraczeski Joanna Maria Onyszkiewicz | parents = Józef Piłsudski (father) Aleksandra Szczerbińska (mother) | relatives = Bronisław Piłsudski (Uncle) Wanda Piłsudska (sister) | callsign = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = {{Flag|Poland}} {{Flag|United Kingdom}} | branch = Polish Air Forces RAF: Air Transport Auxiliary | serviceyears = 1942-1944 | rank = Second Officer (Flying Officer) | servicenumber = | unit = 1st Ferry Pool, White Waltham | commands = | battles = | battles_label = | awards = }} | footnotes = | box_width = }} Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska ({{IPA-pl|jadˈviɡa piwˈsutska jaraˈtʂɛfska|lang}}; 28 February 1920 – 16 November 2014) was a Polish pilot, who served in the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War. She was one of two daughters of Józef Piłsudski. Life and careerPiłsudska was born on 28 February 1920 in Warsaw, the younger daughter of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, Poland's Chief of State (1918–22) and dictator (1926–1935), by the woman who would later become his second wife, Aleksandra Piłsudska (née Aleksandra Szczerbińska).[1] In 1937 Piłsudska began flying gliders and obtained a pilot's licence. In 1939 she graduated from secondary school and decided to study aircraft engineering at the Warsaw Polytechnic.[1] In September 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany, initiating the Second World War, and her family realized that under the circumstances it would be prudent to leave the country immediately. Piłsudska fled with her mother and elder sister, Wanda, to Lithuania and eventually arrived in the United Kingdom. She resumed her studies, in 1940, matriculating at Newnham College, Cambridge University in architecture.[1] Later she acquired her aircraft pilot's license, and in July 1942, she joined the Air Transport Auxiliary. With the rank of Second Officer[2] (Flying Officer) she flew unarmed military aircraft in the skies of wartime Britain[1] and was, with Anna Leska and the Lithuanian-Pole Barbara Wojtulanis, one of several Polish women who served as wartime ferry pilots in Britain. In 1944, she took a leave of absence to continue her studies by enrolling in the Polish School of Architecture at Liverpool University. In 1946 she graduated with an engineering degree in architecture. In 1944, she also married Lieutenant Andrzej Jaraczewski, an officer in the Polish Navy. She had two children: a son, Christopher Joseph (in Polish Krzysztof Józef) and daughter, Jane Mary (in Polish Joanna Maria), who later married Polish politician Janusz Onyszkiewicz. Due to the Communist takeover in Poland, she remained in England after the War, as a political émigré. Never accepting British citizenship, she used a Nansen passport, valid for all countries in the world, except Poland.[3] In 1977, she and her husband took part in the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II on board the MGB S-3 during the Thames River Pageant. In 1990, with the collapse of the Communist government, she returned to Poland and lived in Warsaw.[1] She died on 16 November 2014, in Warsaw at the age of 94.[4] HonoursShe has been honoured with a Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords and the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.[1] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11245441/Jadwiga-Pilsudska-Jaraczewska-obituary.html|title=Jadwiga Pilsudska-Jaraczewska - obituary|newspaper=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-12-29}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilsudska, Jadwiga}}2. ^T. J. Krzystek, Personel Polskich Sił Powietrznych w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1940-1947 łącznie z Pomocniczą Lotniczą Służbą Kobiet (PLSK-WAFF), Agencja Lotnicza ALTAIR - Krajowa Rada Lotnicza, Warszawa 2007 3. ^A. Romanowski, Piękne wczoraj, "Apokryf", No 13 (in Tygodnik Powszechny, No 45/1998) 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/nie-zyje-jadwiga-pilsudska-jaraczewska-miala-94-lata/dphwz|title=Nie żyje Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska. Miała 94 lata|date=2014-11-16|newspaper=Onet Wiadomości|language=pl-PL|access-date=2016-12-29}} 20 : 1920 births|Józef Piłsudski|Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge|Alumni of the University of Liverpool|Artists from Warsaw|Female aviators|Glider pilots|Polish pilots|Polish female military personnel|Polish military personnel of World War II|Polish World War II pilots|Polish Air Force officers|Air Transport Auxiliary pilots|Polish architects|Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom|Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta|Recipients of the Cross of Merit with Swords (Poland)|2014 deaths|Polish female soldiers|Polish exiles |
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