“James Clyman”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

James Clyman (February 1, 1792 – December 27, 1881), also known as Jim Clyman, was a mountain man and an explorer and guide in the American Far West.

Early life

James Clyman was born on a farm that belonged to George Washington in Fauquier County, Virginia, in 1792. Clyman's family started to migrate from place to place when Clyman was 15, moving from Virginia to Pennsylvania, and then to Ohio. In 1811, his family decided to settle in Stark County, Ohio. In 1812, Clyman became a ranger to fight the Shawnee Indians in the War of 1812. After the war, he took up farming in Indiana, where he also traded with local Indians. In 1821, he became a surveyor working near the Little Vermilion River in Illinois. He was hired by a son of Alexander Hamilton, who was running government surveys, to make surveys along the Sangamon River.

Mountain Man

While collecting his pay in Saint Louis in 1823, he met William H. Ashley, and joined Ashley's 1823 expedition.

James Clyman was with Ashley's men from 1823 to 1827. He fought in the Arikara War in 1823. As a member of Ashley's expedition, Clyman wrote one of the two accounts detailing Hugh Glass's mauling by grizzly bear.^[1] Clyman also traveled with Jedediah Smith, whose scalp and ear he sewed back on following a savage grizzly bear mauling, and Thomas Fitzpatrick in the discovery of the South Pass.^[2] He also was a member of the party of four that paddled around the Great Salt Lake and put to rest the myth of the Buenaventura River.

After his explorations, he bought a farm, near Danville, Vermilion County, Illinois and set up a store there. Then, the Blackhawk War broke out and Clyman joined the fight. He left the army in early 1834 and returned to Illinois. Less than a year later he returned to Wisconsin, where he arrived in January 1835.^[3] He spent some time in Milwaukee County and made the decision to venture further north in the fall with his friend Ellisworth Burnett. They left on November 4th, 1835 and on the second day out, they were attacked by two Native American men near present-day Theresa, Dodge County. Burnett was killed, while Clyman got wounded but managed to escape and hide in the woods.^[3] This story became well known in the region and when in the years afterwards immigrants started to settle Dodge County they named one of the towns "Clyman" to remember what once happened in the area.

In later years, he traveled back West and crossed the Great Salt Lake Desert and the Sierra Nevada. On his way back, he encountered the Donner-Reed Party and accompanying parties and advised them to avoid the shortcut and remain on the regular route. They did not heed his warning and ended up resorting to cannibalism after becoming stranded and trapped by an early blizzard in the Sierra Nevada.

In 1848, Clyman settled in the Napa Valley. He died there in 1881 and was buried in the Tulocay Cemetery in Napa, California.^[4]^[5]

References

1. ^http://hughglass.org/jim-bridger/
2. ^Bernard DeVoto, The Year of Decision: 1846. Boston: Little, Brown, 1943, p. 53
3. ^¹CAMP C.L., red., [https://archive.org/details/jamesclymanameri01cali/page/46 James Clyman, Frontiersman, 1792-1881: The Adventures of A Trapper and Covered-Wagon Emigrant As Told in His Own Reminiscences and Diaries], Portland, 1960, p. 46-49.
4. ^{{Find a Grave|13966220|work=Claim to Fame: Pioneer and Folk Figurea |accessdate=August 15, 2010}}
5. ^{{Cite journal | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Photos: Historic monuments and mausoleums at Napa's Tulocay Cemetery | journal = Napa Valley Register | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = Lee Enterprises, Inc. | location = Napa, CA | date = December 10, 2017 | url = http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/photos-historic-monuments-and-mausoleums-at-napa-s-tulocay-cemetery/collection_fbfb818c-51da-5359-9085-e405a22e677d.html#1 | issn = | doi = | id = | accessdate = December 11, 2017}}

Sources